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Öğe Assessment of heavy metal concentrations and behavior in cultivated soils under humid-subhumid environmental condition of the Black Sea region(Elsevier, 2023) Bayrakli, Betul; Dengiz, Orhan; Ozyazici, Mehmet Arif; Koc, Yusuf; Kesim, Emel; Turkmen, FerhatIn present time, contamination of soils with heavy metals has become a serious problem for the ecosystem, which is caused not only by industrial wastes but also by natural reasons such as geological origin and other human impact e.g., agricultural activities. This study discussed the sources of heavy metals, their spatial distribution, and factors affecting mobilization or retention mechanisms in soils. Soil pH (soil acidity), clay content, and soil organic matter content were studied as the main properties affecting the behavior of heavy metals in soil formed under humid and subhumid coastal environmental conditions. For this purpose, 3395 soil samples were collected from agricultural lands in the central and eastern Black Sea Regions. The results show that agricultural soils in the region have medium texture, high organic matter content, and an acidic response. While the average concentration levels of total heavy metal contents were determined as Fe > Mn > Ni > Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Co > Cd, the average levels of available heavy metal contents were Fe > Mn > Cu > Zn > Ni > Co > Cd > Cr in soil samples. When enrichment factor (EF) values of the soils were examined, the values of Cd and Pb were above 2, while the EF values of the other heavy metal elements were below 2; that is, they were classified as deficiency to minimal enrichment. It was also found that the heavy metals Cu and Cd had the highest availability ratio values (AR). In addition, a path analysis was carried out to determine the effects of pH, clay content, and soil organic matter content on the behavior of heavy metals. Direct effects on extractable and total forms of heavy metals was ranked as pH > OM = Clay, while the impacts on EF and AR was ranked as OM > pH > Clay.Öğe Determination of Appropriate Extraction Methods for Available Iron, Copper, Zinc and Manganese in Acid Soils(Galenos Publ House, 2013) Surucu, Abdulkadir; Ozyazici, Mehmet Arif; Ozyazicic, Gulen; Uygur, VeliSince the performance of the chemical extraction methods are largely dependent on the soil characteristics many methods have been developped towards determining the availability index of plant nutritions in soils. Thus, this research was conducted to select the most suitable chemical extraction method and/or methods for available Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn concentrations in acid soils of Rize and Artvin regions. In the research, total of 220 both soil and plant samples were collected by considering the tea production potentials of orchards at second harvesting period. 197 samples for Fe, 207 samples for Cu, 214 samples for Zn, and 196 samples for Mn were used to test methods' efficiency in estimating nutritional status of both soils and plants. Plant available soil Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn concentrations were determined by using 14 different chemical and 2 biological methods. The linear correlation coefficients between available Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn concentrations determined through the chemical methods and the biological indexes indicated that the best extraction methods for cationic microelements in acid soils are: 0.05 N HCl + 0.025 N H2SO4 for Fe, 0.005 M DTPA+0.01M CaCl2+0.1 M TEA (pH=7.3) for Cu and Zn, and 0.01 M CaCl2 for Mn.Öğe EFFECTS OF GREEN MANURING ON SOIL ENZYME ACTIVITY(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2014) Surucu, Abdulkadir; Ozyazici, Mehmet Arif; Bayrakli, Betul; Kizilkaya, RidvanIn this research, the effects of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) used for green manure and forage production as a winter catch crop on some soil biological properties were investigated. The field experiments were conducted in carsamba Plain located in the north region of Turkey. The green manuring-maize-wheat crop rotation with a randomized complete block with four replications was repeated in two separate years. The treatments used to investigate the management effect on soil enzyme activity were: (GM1-GM4) burying the whole above ground faba bean plant as green manure, (GM5-GM8) burying the under ground-stubbles of plants and (C1-C2) control. Different nitrogen doses of 0, 60, 120, 180 kg N ha(-1) for maize, and 0, 50, 100 and 150 kg N ha(-1) for wheat were applied following the green manuring. The results revealed that both types of green manure applications provided an increase in urease and dehydrogenase contents of soils compared to the control. The urease (UA) and dehydrogenase (DH) activities were higher with above ground parts of faba been application when compared to application of the underground stubbles. The activity of the UA and DG were significantly (P<0.05) influenced at the end of the maize harvest in the GM amended soils. At the end of the maize harvest, significantly (P<0.05) highest VA activity (205.1 mu g N l(-1) dry soil) was observed in the GM1 treatment compared to the control soil. While, the lowest UA activity was recorded in the GM5 (178.4 mu g N l(-1) dry soil).Öğe Forage quality and mineral composition of common grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) genotypes(Polish Society Magnesium Research, 2023) Ozyazici, Mehmet Arif; Acikbas, SemihThis study was performed to determine some forage quality properties and macronutrient content of common grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L.) genotypes under semi-arid climatic conditions. Twenty-four different common grasspea genotypes, 22 lines, and 2 registered cultivars were used as plant material. In the study, a field experiment was established according to a randomized block experimental design with 3 replications under the ecological conditions of Siirt province in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkiye in 2016 and 2017. The study investigated the acid detergent fiber (ADF) ratio, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ratio, crude protein (CP) ratio, relative feed value (RFV), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) properties. Furthermore, the Ca/P and K/(Ca+Mg) ratios, which are important for the health of animals, were also found. According to the averages of the two-year research results, the ADF ratio was determined to vary between 28.92-33.44%, the NDF ratio between 35.13-40.47%, the CP ratio between 22.30-25.78%, RFV between 146.75-176.80, P between 0.393-0.427%, K between 2.13-2.46%, Ca between 1.267-1.378%, and Mg between 0.230-0.257%. The Ca/P and K/(Ca+Mg) ratios changed between 3.14-3.48 and 0.720-0.918, respectively. According to the research results, the common grasspea genotypes grown under semi-arid climatic conditions produced feed of very good-top quality standards. It was revealed that most genotypes examined in the study were sufficient to meet the needs of ruminates in terms of P, K, Ca, and Mg. However, some genotypes were insufficient, especially in terms of Mg.Öğe Mapping Soil Water Retention on Agricultural Lands in Central and Eastern Parts of the Black Sea Region in Turkey(Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers, 2016) Mihalikova, Marketa; Ozyazici, Mehmet Arif; Dengiz, OrhanCentral and eastern parts of the Black Sea Region in Turkey are pivotal in production of hazelnut and tea. The soils are vulnerable to leaching of nutrients and water erosion, and the need of mapping and assessment of possible risks is growing. Information about soil hydraulic properties is required for this purpose; however, it has been scarcely determined in the area. This study aimed to contribute in filling the gap. Arable land of eight provinces (Sinop, Samsun, Ordu, Giresun, Trabzon, Gumushane, Rize, and Artvin) was investigated using 3,400 disturbed soil samples from the surface layer. Intersections of grid squares 2.5 x 2.5 km were sampled and analyzed. Ten models of pedo-transfer functions available in the literature were tested for estimation of field capacity (FC), wilting point (WP), and available water capacity (AWC). The reliability of estimations was tested and evaluated on available data from five testing localities (382 samples). Finally, the values of FC, WP, and AWC were estimated by the k-Nearest code with satisfactory reliability, and spatial distribution maps of these properties were created using the geographic information system (GIS) technique. (C) 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.Öğe Morphological, Agronomical, Phenological and Stand Persistence Traits of Some Wild Narrowleaf Birdsfoot Trefoil (Lotus tenuis Waldst. & Kit.) Populations(Ankara Univ, Fac Agr, 2016) Uzun, Ferat; Donmez, Hasan Beytullah; Dal, Ahmet; Surmen, Mustafa; Yavuz, Tamer; Ozyazici, Mehmet Arif; Cankaya, NecdaExisting information on the ecology, distribution and plant traits of Lotus taxa is scant for the natural flora of Turkey, which is one of the most important countries in the Mediterranean zone for genetic resources and genetic diversity of these species. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine (i) morphologic, agronomic, phenologic, stand persistence traits and growth habits of some wild narrowleaf birdsfoot trefoil (NBT; Lotus tenuis Waldst. & Kit.), and (ii) the relationships between these traits and altitude, latitude or longitude of the natural habitats, the samples of which were obtained from diverse natural areas of Black Sea Region, Turkey. The altitudes of sampling sites ranged from 1 to 1510 m. A total of 86 wild NBT were sampled in the study. NBT was present in all ranges of altitude, although its frequency was the highest in altitudes between 1-300 m. On the other hand, considerable variations were determined for the investigated traits, except for growth habit in which all populations had decumbent growth habit. The results of the present study indicate that NBT better adapted to lowlands and studied region offers important genetic resources for further researches and also may serve as a valuable breeding material for new grazing-type and disease resistant NBT varieties.Öğe Root system architecture and seed weight relations in forage pea (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense L. Poir.)(Univ Federal Santa Maria, 2022) Acikbas, Semih; Ozyazici, Mehmet Arif; Bektas, HarunForage pea (Pisum sativum ssp. arvense (L.) Poir.) is an important legume crop for fresh and dry herbage production with high input costs as irrigation and fertilization. Selection and breeding of accessions for improved drought tolerance, water, and mineral uptake efficiency become a necessity, rather than a choice. This study evaluated a set of forage pea accessions for the seedling root system architecture diversity and seed reserve utilization, under controlled conditions. Eight cultivars and an elite breeding line were evaluated for the first time in a plexiglass system. The number and lengths of the roots in each depth zone (0, 5, 10, 15+ cm) were evaluated and significant diversity was identified. The cultivar Livioletta had the highest number of roots and total root length. There was a significant correlation between seed weight, seed reserve utilization ratio, and root system vigor. Accessions with the highest seed reserve utilization had the highest total root length and numbers. Seedling root system vigor seems to be effective in predicting the fate of the accessions through maturity. The results suggested a possibility of seedling root selection for forage crop breeding.Öğe Temperate Forage Legumes Production, Weeds Dynamics, and Soil C:N Economy Under Organic Wastes(Springer Nature, 2022) Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir; Iqbal, Asif; Seydoşoğlu, Seyithan; Turan, Nizamettin; Ozyazici, Mehmet Arif; EL Sabagh, AymanEnvironmental pollution caused by leaching and volatilization of mineral fertilizers from agricultural fields especially in temperate climates has aggravated under changing climate. Utilizing organic wastes from poultry sheds and dairy farms for crops production can be a way forward towards their eco-friendly disposal and curbing environmental hazards. This review synthesizes and analyzes the use of organic manures for forage legumes production and their impact on feed value, soil fertility, microbial biomass, weeds infestation, and economic turnouts in temperate regions. The feasibility of adopting organic wastes as a conventional source of plant nutrients or continuity of their use as a fringe farming activity has also been assessed. The increment in the forage yield of legumes such as white clover, lucerne, red clover, sub-clover, birdsfoot trefoil, etc. under chemical fertilizers widened the yield gap between organic and mineral manures management systems. However, organic materials improved the nutritional quality of temperate legumes owing to increased activity of proteinase enzyme, better absorption, and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorous, production of effective carboxyl and hydro-carboxyl, ?-glucosidase activity along with the presence of growth-promoting hormones. Organic fertilization effectively enhanced soil carbon sequestration and microbial biomass, while labile carbon was increased by mineral fertilizers. However, organic manures recorded higher dry matter of weeds than traditional farming systems which reduced forage yield by 35–50%. Availability at farm, regional and global levels along with nutritional composition, biological viability, and economic competitiveness of organic wastes continue to remain challenges in their wide-scale adoption as plant nutrients source. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.Öğe YIELD AND QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME ALFALFA (Medicago sativa L.) VARIETIES GROWN IN THE EASTERN TURKEY(Soc Field Crop Sci, 2017) Turan, Nizamettin; Celen, A. Esen; Ozyazici, Mehmet ArifThis research was carried out between 2009 and 2011 to determine the herbage yield and some agricultural and quality characteristics of alfalfa varieties under the ecological conditions of Eastern Anatolia, Gurpinar, Van Turkey. Six alfalfa varieties were grown, including domestic Kayseri, Bilensoy-80 and Van Native (ecotype) in addition to varieties Planet, Plato and CW-3567 of foreign origin. It was found that means of alfalfa varieties ranged from 77.9 to 82.3 cm for plant height; from 29.9 to 33.4 for number of main stems per plant; from 8.32 to 9.38 % for crude ash and from 16.55 to 17.55 % for protein content. The differences among the varieties for certain traits were not statistically significant. However, Van Native (43575 kg ha(-1)) and CW3567 (43242 kg ha(-1)) gave high fresh herbage yields whereas CW-3567 (16201 kg ha(-1)), Van Native (15519 kg ha(-1)) and Kayseri (15194 kg ha(-1)) gave high hay yields. Beside, CW-3567 (2827 kg ha(-1)) was the best variety for crude protein yield. Based on the results of the study, it could be said that cultivar CW-3567 could be recommended to be grown under the ecological conditions of Eastern Anatolia.
