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    Effect of non-genetic factors on milk yields traits in Simmental cows raised subtropical climate condition
    (Arquivo Brasileiro Medicina Veterinaria Zootecnia, 2018) Bolacali, M.; Ozturk, Y.
    The aim of this study was to identify non-genetic parameters affecting the milk yield traits of Simmental cows raised in subtropical climate conditions. Records on 1904 lactation events of Simmental cows (N=706) during 2001-2014 were included in this study. A generalized linear model was used to investigate the effect of nongenetic factors (calving year, season, and age; lactation number; birth type; and calf sex) on real milk yield (MY), adjusted 305-d lactation milk yield (305-d MY), adjusted mature-age 305-d lactation milk yield (305-d MAMY), lactation length (LL), and dry periods (DP). The MY, 305-d MY, 305-d MAMY, LL, and DP were 6413.04kg, 6060.30kg, 6871.21 kg, 329.88d, and 57.67d, respectively, in Simmental cows. The effects of calving year, birth type, and calf sex on MY were significant (P<0.05). Calving year, calving age, birth type, and calf sex had significant effects on 305-d MY (P<0.05). The 305-d MAMY was significantly affected by calving year, birth type, and calf sex (P<0.05). In conclusion, based on the findings of the present study, the milk yield traits of Simmental cows raised at subtropical climate conditions with ideal feeding and management strategies was in accordance with world standards.
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    EFFECT OF NON-GENETIC FACTORS ON REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS IN SIMMENTAL COWS REARED IN SUBTROPICAL CLIMATE CONDITION
    (Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum, 2017) Bolacali, M.; Ozturk, Y.
    This study aimed to determine reproductive traits, such as gestation length (GL), service period (SP), calving interval (CI), number of insemination per pregnancy (NIPC), and first calving age (FCA) and to reveal the non-genetic parameters affecting these traits in Simmental cows raised at a private farm in Corum Province under subtropical climate conditions according to Trewartha climate grading and Csb based on the Koppen-Geiger system. A total of 1904 reproduction performance records of 706 Simmental cows raised between 2001 and 2014 were utilized in this study. The GL, SP, CI, NIPC, and FCA were 283.19 days, 116.41 days, 394.30 days, 1.75, and 847.0 days, respectively, for the Simmental cows in the study. The effects of calving year (P<0.001), lactation parity (P<0.05), calving age (P<0.001), birth type (P<0.001) and parity (P<0.001) on GL were significant. Among the factors affecting SP, the effects of calving year and calving season were significant (P<0.01). Calving year, lactation parity, and calving season were significant at different levels for CI. Among the evaluated factors affecting NIPC, calving year, lactation parity, calving season, calving age, and calving year had significant effects (P<0.001, P<0.05). Year, calving age, and calving season were significant (P<0.001) for FCA. As the values for reproductive traits, namely, GL, SP, CI, NIPC, and FCA, were generally within standard values for the Simmental cows, herd management programs seemed to be properly performed at the farm where the study was conducted. Moreover, Simmental cows were successfully raised under subtropical climate conditions.