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    Öğe
    Development of a Natural Chewing Gum from Plant Based Polymer
    (Springer/Plenum Publishers, 2018) Palabiyik, Ibrahim; Toker, Omer Said; Konar, Nevzat; Oner, Baris; Demirci, Ahmet Sukru
    In this study, Kenger gum obtained from Kenger plant (Gundelia tournefortii) was used in the production of biodegradable and edible chewing gum. Kenger gum was able to be softened by thermal process to improve its textural properties. 80% methanolic extract of gum showed 195.6 gallic acid equivalents (GAE) mg/100 g gum antioxidant activity and 17.9 mm inhibition zone for Escherichia coli O157:H7 as an antimicrobial activity. Softened Kenger gum was also characterized by texture properties, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and chemical compositions. Hardness value of gum decreased from 864 to 238 g which was comparable to commercial chewing gums. Softened Kenger gum was observed to be a perfect substitute for a synthetic gum base in the production of a conventional chewing gum. Moreover, resilience value was remarkably found to be the best standard parameter to select chewing gums with desired textural properties.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Using spray-dried microalgae as a natural coloring agent in chewing gum: effects on color, sensory, and textural properties
    (Springer, 2018) Palabiyik, Ibrahim; Durmaz, Yasar; Oner, Baris; Toker, Omer Said; Coksari, Gulay; Konar, Nevzat; Tamturk, Faruk
    Chlorophyll-a and total carotenoid quantities of Isochrysis galbana and Nannochloropsis oculata biomass dried at different inlet temperatures (150-200 degrees C) using the spray dryer technique were investigated. The amounts of chlorophyll-a in I. galbana and N. oculata biomass were determined in the range of 7.775-11.377 mg g(-1) and 1.1411.836 mg g(-1), respectively. Total carotenoids were found as 1.984-3.373 mg g(-1) (dry biomass) for I. galbana and 0.3780.077 mg g(-1) (dry biomass) for N. oculata. Then, these biomasses were used at levels of 0.5% and 1% as natural green colorants in chewing gum, and color, texture, and sensory properties of chewing gums were investigated. The samples were identified as khaki or light khaki. L* value of the samples containing I. galbana species ranged from 42 to 53, a* value ranged from - 1.3 to - 2.88. b* value ranged from 11.5 to 15, and C* value ranged from 9.4 to 15.2, while L* values ranged from 55 to 65, a* value varied from - 0.03 to - 1.7. b* value varied from 15 to 18.2, and the C* value varied from 15 to 18.2 for N. oculata biomass. The highest cohesiveness value was found as 0.26 in the samples containing 1% I. galbana species dried at 180 degrees C. There were no alga tastes except for chewing gum containing 1% N. oculata dried at 150 degrees C.