Yazar "Mennan, Husrev" seçeneğine göre listele

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    Competitive ability of imidazolinone-tolerant rice (cv. Luna) with different weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) biotypes
    (Springer, 2023) Pala, Firat; Mennan, Husrev; Jabran, Khawar
    Weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea) is becoming a significant concern in rice (O. sativa L.) cultivation in Turkey, despite its recent introduction. These studies determined the competitive ability of different weedy rice biotypes and yield responses of imidazolinone (IMI)-tolerant variety Luna when grown in competition with variable population densities of weedy rice. The field experiments were conducted at a farmer's field, Trachea Region Edirne Turkey in 2017 and 2018. A split plot design was used in which three different straw hull weedy rice biotypes (i) awnless (WRB-1), (ii) short-awned (WRB-2), and (iii) long-awned (WRB-3) were kept in the main-plots and three weedy rice densities (i) being free of weeds, (ii) being low in weed density (< 10 plants m-2), and (iii) having a high weed density (> 30 plants m-2) were in the subplots. Weedy rice biotypes significantly decreased the biomass, the tiller production, the leaf area, the plant height, and grain yield of Luna rice variety; however, the biotypes differed in their effect on Luna rice. The weedy rice genotype WRB-1 decreased the growth parameters of rice to the largest extent. All weedy rice biotypes (both at low and high densities of weedy rice) decreased the grain yield of Luna rice while the weed-free plots produced the highest grain yield. WRB-1 exposed to environments with a high density of weeds could decrease rice yield by 17.8%. In conclusion, weedy rice biotypes varied for their competitive ability against the cultivated rice and WRB-1 was the most competitive biotype.
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    Multiple resistance to EPSPS and ALS inhibitors in Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) identified in Turkey
    (Wiley, 2024) Kaya-Altop, Emine; Jabran, Khawar; Pala, Firat; Mennan, Husrev
    Amaranthus palmeri was first reported in Turkey in 2016, and an immediate heavy infestation of the weed was found in fruit orchards and summer crops such as maize, cotton, and sunflower. There have been farmers' complaints about the ineffective control of Palmer amaranth through the use of glyphosate and some sulfonylureas herbicides. Hence, this study aimed to determine the possible herbicide resistance evolution in Palmer amaranth against glyphosate and acetolactate synthase (ALS) herbicides. Seeds of 21 Palmer amaranth populations were collected from five provinces of Turkey where control problems with glyphosate and ALS inhibitors were reported in maize fields. Seeds of certain biotypes categorized as resistant or susceptible were grown to obtain the F-2 generation. A single-dose experiment determined the possible resistance to ALS inhibitors and glyphosate among the 21 populations. Of this, 18 populations were included in the subsequent dose-response experiments due to evident survival. Based on ED50 values from the dose-response experiment, SNU-04 and ADN-21 biotypes had the highest resistance index for glyphosate which was more than 7. The biotypes ADN-21, OSM-15, and DIR-09 recorded the highest ED50 value with a resistance index of 9.21-10.35 after nicosulfuron application. Whereas, the biotypes SNU-04, OSM-15, and ADN-21 were with the highest ED50 value and resistance index of 6.41-7.44, after the application of foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron methyl-sodium. The increase in genomic 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) copy number has been observed in suspected cases that have been accepted as the molecular basis for the development of resistance against glyphosate. The sequence alignment results for the ALS gene contained Ala122Val and Pro197Arg mutations related to target-site resistance against ALS herbicides.
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    Öğe
    Non-Chemical Weed Management in Vegetables by Using Cover Crops: A Review
    (Mdpi, 2020) Mennan, Husrev; Jabran, Khawar; Zandstra, Bernard H.; Pala, Firat
    Vegetables are a substantial part of our lives and possess great commercial and nutritional value. Weeds not only decrease vegetable yield but also reduce their quality. Non-chemical weed control is important both for the organic production of vegetables and achieving ecologically sustainable weed management. Estimates have shown that the yield of vegetables may be decreased by 45%-95% in the case of weed-vegetable competition. Non-chemical weed control in vegetables is desired for several reasons. For example, there are greater chances of contamination of vegetables by herbicide residue compared to cereals or pulse crops. Non-chemical weed control in vegetables is also needed due to environmental pollution, the evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds and a strong desire for organic vegetable cultivation. Although there are several ways to control weeds without the use of herbicides, cover crops are an attractive choice because these have a number of additional benefits (such as soil and water conservation) along with the provision of satisfactory and sustainable weed control. Several cover crops are available that may provide excellent weed control in vegetable production systems. Cover crops such as rye, vetch, or Brassicaceae plants can suppress weeds in rotations, including vegetables crops such as tomato, cabbage, or pumpkin. Growers should also consider the negative effects of using cover crops for weed control, such as the negative allelopathic effects of some cover crop residues on the main vegetable crop.