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Öğe Determination of Population Change and Damage Rate of Kermania pistaciella Amsel (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) in Pistachio Orchards in Türkiye(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-05-28) Fırat Okalin; Mehmet KaplanThis study was conducted between 2023 and 2024 in two pistachio orchards of 15 and 30 decares, respectively, in Ataba & gbreve;& imath; town, Baykan district, Siirt province, T & uuml;rkiye, where pistachio production is intensive. The aim was to determine the adult population dynamics and infestation rate of the pistachio twig borer (Kermania pistaciella Amsel. [Lepidoptera: Tineidae]). Pest population density was determined using sex pheromone traps. Additionally, to determine the infestation rate of K. pistaciella in the sampled orchards, 100 shoots and fruit clusters were examined. As a result of the study, the first adults of K. pistaciella were detected in the pheromone traps on April 20, 2023 (42-14 adults/trap), with the highest number recorded on April 29 (903-98 individuals/trap), and the last adults observed in nature on May 22. In 2024, the first adults appeared on April 13 (29-8 adults/trap), the highest number was recorded on April 21 (1120-275 adults/trap), and the last adults were observed in nature on May 18. The flight period of K. pistaciella adults in nature was determined to be 33 and 36 days in 2023 and 2024, respectively. During the study years, the average infestation rate of K. pistaciella in pistachio orchards was found to be 34.5 and 28% in shoots, while the infestation rate in fruit clusters was 8.8 and 9.1% on average, respectively.Öğe Evaluation of Attitudes and Knowledge Levels of Olive Producers in the Application of Agricultural Pharmaceuticals (Mardin Province)(Tekirdag Ziraat Fakultesi Dergisi, 2025-01-29) Mehmet KaplanOlives are one of the essential nutrients in human nutrition and health, thanks to the vitamins they contain. There are many diseases, pests and weed species in olive gardens that cause a loss of productivity and quality of this important nutrient. Producers use different methods in plant protection practices to combat these existing pests. This study was conducted to determine the awareness levels of olive producers about plant protection practices in Derik district of Mardin province, where olive production was intense in 2020. For this purpose, the information collected through a 20-question survey method conducted face to face with a total of 90 producers in 15 villages through simple random sampling was evaluated on a percentage basis. According to the results of the current study, it was determined that the olive farmers had high education levels, and the majority of them had other non-agricultural incomes besides agriculture. Those engaged in olive cultivation consult plant protection dealerships and the provincial/district Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry in choosing plant protection products and adjusting their dosage. They stated that the brand and active ingredients are important features in the selection of chemical pesticides, and while they apply pesticides in advance for precautionary purposes without seeing the pests and diseases, they do not use the same pesticides against the same diseases and pests every year and apply the recommended dosage. Producers pay attention to the waiting time between the last spraying and harvest time due to the fact that chemical pesticides leave residues on the products, and they take protective measures for their own health during chemical pesticide application. In order to solve the plant protection problems faced by farmers in the agricultural field, cultural measures are generally applied along with chemical control. However, it is inevitable that chemicals will create many negative situations for human and environmental health over time. For this reason, it is important to carry out an effective, economical and environmentally friendly struggle using appropriate methods in plant protection practices in order to avoid being exposed to undesirable side effects.Öğe New Records of Pest and Beneficial Insect Species Determined in Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) Orchards in Türkiye(Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2025-02) Uğur Çelebi; Mehmet KaplanThis study was carried out in 2021-2022 to determine the harmful and beneficial insect species in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) orchards in the Be & scedil;iri district of Batman province, which has important potential in pistachio production. To determine the insect species, the branch counting method, sexual attractant and visual traps, impact method, visual inspection and culturing methods were used. In this study, 23 harmful insect species belonging to 16 families in three orders and 23 beneficial insect species belonging to nine families in five orders were identified. Among the insect species identified, the following harmful species were found: Kermania pistaciella Amsel, Agonoscena pistaciae Burck. and Laut., Lepidosaphes pistaciae Arch, Psallus (Psallus) flavellus Stichel, Smaragdina scutellaris Lefevre, Pseudocoeliodes rubricus Gyllenhal, Ahasverus advena Waltl, Hylesinus vestitus Mulsant & Rey, Capnodis cariosa Pallas and Anapulvinaria pistaciae Bodenheimer; among the useful species, Chrysoperla carnea Step, Scymnus subvillosus Goeze, Stethorus gilvifrons Mulsant, Nephus nigricans Weise, Coccinella septempunctata L., Oenopia conglobata Lin., and Hippodamia variegata Goeze were considered important in terms of prevalence and density. Pistachio pests: Phloeosinus aubei Perris, Tychius pusillus Germar, Anthocomus equestris Fabricius, Ahasverus advena Waltl, Psallus (Psallus) flavellus Stichel, and Tingis (Tropidocheila) reticulata Herrich-Sch & auml;ffer, and benefical species: Centistidea (Paracentistidea) pistaciella van Achterberg & Mehrnejad, Microchelonus (Microchelonus) karakumicus Tobias (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and Cremastus lineatus Gravenhorst (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) were the first recorded species of pistachio in T & uuml;rkiye. In addition, based on laboratory studies, adult Centistidea (Paracentistidea) pistaciella van Achterberg & Mehrnejad (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Microchelonus (Microchelonus) karakumicus Tobias (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), and Cremastus lineatus Gravenhorst (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) parasitoid insects were obtained. The insect Cremastus lineatus Gravenhorst was identified for the first time as a pupa parasitoid of the Kermania pistacella species in T & uuml;rkiye, which causes significant damage to pistachio orchards.
