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    Size and shape of the neurocranium of laying chicken breeds
    (Elsevier, 2024) Guzel, Baris Can; Manuta, Nicoleta; Unal, Burak; Ruzhanova-Gospodinova, Iliana Stefanova; Duro, Sokol; Gundemir, Ozan; Szara, Tomasz
    The neurocranium in birds provides valuable insights into their morphological diversity, including adaptations related to brain size, facial shaping, and environmental factors. This study analyzes the neurocranial shape characteristics and size of chickens with similar genetic backgrounds. By examining the neurocranial shape variation in chickens of the same age and sex, the study aims to understand the factors contributing to morphological diversity within this specific group. 3D geometric morphometrics was used to analyze 235 neurocrania from four chicken breeds. The analysis revealed significant differences in centroid size among the chicken breeds. The largest neurocranium centroid size was found in Sasso chickens., which were statistically separated from Atak-S. Additionally, centroid size effectively differentiates between Lohmann Brown and Lohmann Sandy chicken breeds. The most significant shape variation concerned the width of the rostral part of the frontal bone. However, according to the PC1 value, the shape variation was observed within rather than between groups. Lohmann Sandy chickens exhibited higher variability in neurocranial shape, suggesting greater shape diversity within this breed than others. As for shape analysis, the breeds showed closer similarity to each other. Lohmann Sandy chickens are characterized by positive PC1 value, with the rostral end of the frontal region inclined more ventrally, and a more extensive basioccipital region. Sasso chickens have a more dome-shaped middle part of the frontal region than other breeds. The study also identified the most significant shape variation among the study samples, observed at the rostral part of the frontal bone. These findings contribute to understanding the genetic and environmental influences shaping neurocranial morphology in chickens. Similar studies in different bird species and subspecies offer valuable insights into avian biology and adaptation.
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    Skull morphology in native and non-native cattle breeds in Türkiye.
    (2025-02-23) Gündemir, Ozan; Manuta, Nicoleta; Güzel, Barış Can; Bakıcı, Caner; Duro, Sokol; Ünal, Burak; Çakar, Buket; Szara, Tomasz
    This study aims to investigate morphological differences in the skulls of cattle breeds with different functional roles and geographical origins and to examine skull shape variations among breeds using geometric morphometrics methods. To this end, 95 skulls from Native (Eastern Anatolian Red and Southern Anatolian Red) and Non-native (Holstein and Simmental) breeds raised in Türkiye were analyzed. The results show a significant size difference between Native Breeds and Non-native Breeds, with the Non-native Breeds having larger skulls. The results also indicate considerable shape differences between Native and Non-native Breeds. No significant shape differences were observed between the two Native Breeds, which have shared the same geography for many years. Although no statistically substantial size difference was found between Simmental and Holstein, the nuchal region showed distinct shape differences. The nuchal part of the Simmental skull was more pronounced than other specimens. In native breeds, there was a more balanced proportion between the facial and neurocranial regions compared to the other two breeds. In Holstein skulls, the facial region was more pronounced in comparison to the neurocranial region, while in Simmental skulls, the neurocranial region was more prominent. This study provides valuable insights into the morphological characteristics of different cattle breeds, contributing to veterinary anatomy, biology, and paleontology.
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    Three-dimensional pelvimetric evaluation of the pelvic cavity in different dog breeds
    (2024) Akçasız, Zeynep Nilüfer; Demircioğlu, İsmail; Özkan, Ermiş; Manuta, Nicoleta; Güzel, Barış Can
    Objective:The mean of pelvis diameters and development of pelvis: It is known that it varies depending on many factors such as race, body size, gender, nutrition, movement rate and hormone. In this context, the study was carried out to examine the cavum pelvis of different breeds of dogs using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Materials and Methods:A total of 43 dogs, 19 different breeds, were used in the study. Pelvis region was scanned with a 64-detector MDCT device with a section thickness of 0.625 mm. The obtained images were transferred to the RadiAnt DICOM Viewer program to create a three-dimensional model of the cavum pelvis, and then pelvic measurements were taken. Results: In the pelvimetric examination, it was determined that conjugated Diameter was highest in Kangal Shepherd dogs and vertically Diameter was highest in Kangal Shepherd dogs. The lowest average of both diameters was found in Pomeranian dogs. Pelvis slope formed between these two ages was observed to be highest in Alabai breed dogs with 38° and lowest in Pekingese, Pomeranian and Setter breed dogs with 18°. Conclusion: it is thought that it will be beneficial for many disciplines, especially gynecology, to reveal the differences between the breeds by comparing the results of the dog breeds whose metric characteristics of the cavum pelvis were examined.