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    Consequences and Mitigation Strategies of Abiotic Stresses in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under the Changing Climate
    (Mdpi, 2021) Hossain, Akbar; Skalicky, Milan; Brestic, Marian; Maitra, Sagar; Ashraful Alam, M.; Syed, M. Abu; Hossain, Jamil
    Wheat is one of the world's most commonly consumed cereal grains. During abiotic stresses, the physiological and biochemical alterations in the cells reduce growth and development of plants that ultimately decrease the yield of wheat. Therefore, novel approaches are needed for sustainable wheat production under the changing climate to ensure food and nutritional security of the ever-increasing population of the world. There are two ways to alleviate the adverse effects of abiotic stresses in sustainable wheat production. These are (i) development of abiotic stress tolerant wheat cultivars by molecular breeding, speed breeding, genetic engineering, and/or gene editing approaches such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas toolkit, and (ii) application of improved agronomic, nano-based agricultural technology, and other climate-smart agricultural technologies. The development of stress-tolerant wheat cultivars by mobilizing global biodiversity and using molecular breeding, speed breeding, genetic engineering, and/or gene editing approaches such as CRISPR-Cas toolkit is considered the most promising ways for sustainable wheat production in the changing climate in major wheat-growing regions of the world. This comprehensive review updates the adverse effects of major abiotic stresses and discusses the potentials of some novel approaches such as molecular breeding, biotechnology and genetic-engineering, speed breeding, nanotechnology, and improved agronomic practices for sustainable wheat production in the changing climate.
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    Jasmonates and Salicylates: Mechanisms, Transport and Signalling During Abiotic Stress in Plants
    (Springer-Verlag Berlin, 2021) Hossain, Akbar; Ahmad, Zahoor; Moulik, Debjyoti; Maitra, Sagar; Bhadra, Preetha; Ahmad, Adeel; Garai, Sourav
    Population across the globe are increasing at an alarming rate. UN Population Division currently (2020) expects that the world population is now 7.8 billion, which will be reached 10.9 billion (the median line) at the end of the twenty-first century. To meet the food demand of increasing population cereal equivalent food demand needs to be increased by about 10,094 million tons by the year 2030 and 14,886 million tons in 2050. At the same time, climate change will impact on agricultural productivity, as a result of the extreme events of abiotic stresses. For example, on an average, about 50% yield losses of several crops are occurred mostly due to high temperature (20%), low temperature (7%), salinity (10%), drought (9%) and other abiotic stresses (4%). Other earlier studies, estimated that a large enhancement of biomass and grain yield loss (83% on average) of wheat was observed when salinity was combined with drought stress. Global wheat production is estimated to fall by 6% for each degrees C temperature increase further and will be become more variable over space and time. To alleviate the antagonistic effect of abiotic stresses, generally, plants take numerous adaptive mechanisms. Among them, several phytohormones play an important role in abiotic stress tolerance in plants. The chapter discussed the role of phytohormones, particularly biosynthesis, transport and signalling mechanisms of jasmonates and salicylates during abiotic stress tolerance in plants.
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    Strigolactones: A novel carotenoid-derived phytohormone - biosynthesis, transporters, signalling, and mechanisms in abiotic stress
    (Springer International Publishing, 2021) Hossain, Akbar; Raza, Ali; Maitra, Sagar; Asaduzzaman, Md; Islam, Md Rafiqul; Hossain, Md Jamil; Sabagh, Ayman E. L.
    Phytohormones (PHs) play central roles in improving the survival ability of plants to various abiotic stresses. The major PHs are auxins, abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellins (GAs), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET), cytokinin (CK), and brassinosteroids (BRs), and nitric oxide (NO), polyamines (PA), and plant peptide are also considered as PHs. Besides them, newly identified PHs are strigolactones (SLs) and karrikins (KARs). Among them, SLs have been categorized as novel carotenoid-derived PHs, although they were primarily recognized as host-derived stimulating substances for germination of parasitic weeds under the genera Striga and Orobanche. Lately, SLs were established as host detection and hyphal-branching signals for arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. In plants, they control numerous developing processes which lead plants to acclimatize to survive various abiotic stresses, particularly heat, drought, cold, salinity and waterlogging. In the last decade, the detection of SLs provides a novel prospect to reconnoitre PHs regulation of plant for advance and adaptation to ecological restrictions. Recent investigations also recognized novel examples of PHs cross talk contributing in the adaptation of inclusive rejoinders in plants. In this chapter, we have discussed the biosynthesis, signalling, governing, and physiochemical roles of SLs in numerous abiotic stress conditions. Therefore, it is revealed that the comprehensive thoughtful of SLs will be a significant issue for overwhelming the difficulties of crop damage as a consequence of hostile environments. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021. All rights reserved.