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    Differences in the Growth and Physiological Responses of the Leaves of Peucedanum japonicum and Hordeum vulgare Exposed to Salinity
    (Mdpi, 2020) Liu, Liyun; Nakamura, Yuki; Taliman, Nisar Ahmad; EL Sabagh, Ayman; Moghaieb, Reda E. A.; Saneoka, Hirofumi
    Soil salinity has emerged as one of the most prominent threats to modern intensive farming systems, and it has necessitated the cultivation of halophytes to ensure food security and human nutrition.Peucedanum japonicumThunb. is an edible wild plant with medicinal value that is widely distributed along the Pacific coast of western Japan. However, the adaptive mechanisms of this plant with respect to salt stress tolerance have not yet to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to compare the physiological responses ofP. japonicumto salt stress with those of barley (Hordeum vulgare), which is considered a salinity-tolerant plant. Seedlings of both species at the same height were exposed to different concentrations (0, 50, 75, and 150 mM) of NaCl for 16 days, after which the leaves were analyzed with respect to different physiological parameters. The results revealed a maintenance of leaf growth inP. japonicumcompared with that in barley, the growth of which was severely impaired at low concentrations of NaCl (50 and 75 mM). In response to salt stress, a higher suppression of Na(+)and Cl(-)assimilations was observed inP. japonicumthan in barley under all NaCl treatments. Moreover, P. japonicum showed a greater ability to maintain leaf K(+)and Ca(2+)concentrations, whereas barley exhibited a significant reduction in the concentrations of these ions under saline conditions. Thus, the superior salinity tolerance ofP. japonicumcould be attributed to a more efficient maintenance of ionic balances. Taken together, our results indicate thatP. japonicummay be classified as a halophyte, given its superior regulation of K+, Ca2+, SO4-, and sucrose concentrations and lower NO(3)(-)concentrations compared with those of barley.
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    Effect of NaCl on physiological, biochemical, and ionic parameters of naked oat (Avena nuda L.) line Bayou1
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2024) Liu, Liyun; Assaha, Dekoum V. M.; Islam, Mohammad Sohidul; Rajendran, Karthika; Theivasigamani, Parthasarathi; Soufan, Walid; Ayman, El Sabagh
    Oat (Avena nuda L.) is a globally important cereal crop grown for its nutritious grains and is considered as moderately salt-tolerant. Studying salinity tolerant mechanisms of oats could assist breeders in increasing oat production and their economic income in salt-affected areas, as the total amount of saline land in the world is still increasing. The present study was carried out to better understand the salt tolerance mechanism of the naked oat line Bayou1. A soil experiment was conducted on 17 days-old Bayou1 seedlings treated with varying concentrations of NaCl for a period of 12 days. Bayou1 plants grew optimally when treated with 50 mM NaCl, demonstrating their salinity tolerance. Reduced water uptake, decreased Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and guaiacol peroxidase activity, as well as increased Na+ concentration in leaves, all contributed to a reduction in shoot growth. However, the damage to ionic homeostasis caused by increased Na+ concentrations and decreased K+ concentrations in the roots of Bayou1 did not inhibit its root growth, indicating that the main salt-tolerant mechanism in Bayou1 existed in its roots. Further, a hydroponic experiment found that increasing Na+ concentration in root cell sap enhanced root growth, while maintaining the integrity of root cell membranes. The accumulated Na+ may have facilitated the root growth of Bayou1 exposed to NaCl by effectively adjusting cellular osmotic potential, thereby ensuring root cell turgor and expansion.