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    Effect of Calf Delivery Mode on Irisin, Asprosin, Leptin, Adiponectin, and Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Levels in Dairy Cattle and their Calves
    (Zoological Soc Pakistan, 2023) Kizil, Meltem; Risvanli, Ali; Abay, Murat; Safak, Tarik; Kilinc, Mehmet Akif; Yilmaz, Oznur; Yuksel, Burak Fatih
    In recent years, the investigation of peptide and protein-structured hormones in biological fluids has become one of the most striking issues. The aim of this study was to determine irisin, asprosin, leptin, adiponectin, and IGF-1 levels in cows and calves after calving according to the mode of delivery. The study was carried out with 20 Holstein cows and 20 calves born from these cows. Blood samples were taken from cows and calves in all groups during birth, after drinking colostrum from calves and on the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th days after birth in 10 ml tubes. The levels of the aforementioned molecules in these blood samples were determined by ELISA method. Feeding with colostrum led to a decrease in the irisin levels in the dystocia and cesarean section groups and in the IGF-1 levels in the vaginal delivery group, but it did not lead to any other significant changes. The irisin levels of the calves in the vaginal delivery group were compared to those in the other groups, and their levels were found to decrease on the 15th day, and IGF-1 levels were higher on the 15th day. As a result, it was revealed that there were significant changes in the levels of these molecules in the umbilical cord and blood serum of cows and calves depending on the mode of delivery.
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    Evaluation of the portio vaginalis of the cervix by B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasound in Simmental cattle
    (Veterinarni A Farmaceuticka Univerzita Brno, 2022) Risvanli, Ali; Safak, Tarik; Yilmaz, Oznur; Yuksel, Burak; Kilinc, Mehmet Akif; Seker, Ibrahim
    This study was aimed to reveal the relationship between the B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasonography features of the portio vaginalis of the cervix in Simmental cattle with different physiological and pathological conditions of genital organs. For this purpose, 90 cattle were used in the study. The length, width and circumference of the portio vaginalis of the cervix were measured ultrasonographically using a 5 MHz linear probe. In addition, the portio vaginalis of the cervix was ultrasonographically evaluated in terms of echogenicity, cystic formations, calcification and integrity of its borders. Regarding the colour Doppler ultrasonography, measurements of the vascular distribution category, vascular density and the vascular morphological appearance were made. In this study, it was found that the rate of irregularity of the border of the portio vaginalis in B-mode ultrasonography according to the pregnancy status was 10.9% in non-pregnant cows, while this was not observed in pregnant cows (0.0%). According to the metritis status, it was observed that the rate of regularity of the border of the portio vaginalis was higher in animals with metritis (45.5%) in B-mode ultrasonography. As a result, it was concluded that there were significant changes in the B-mode and colour Doppler ultrasonography characteristics of the portio vaginalis of the cervix in different physiological and pathological conditions in cattle, and that hypotheses can be developed regarding the fertility of the animals by evaluating these characteristics.
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    Mixed Bacteriological Isolation Percentages from the Uterus of Cows Slaughtered due to Infertility
    (Centre Excellence Molecular Biology-Cemb, 2022) Risvanli, Ali; Kalender, Hakan; Safak, Tarik; Yuksel, Burak Fatih; Karagulle, Burcu; Yilmaz, Oznur; Kilinc, Mehmet Akif
    Background: Intrauterine mixed infections are an important problem in cattle breeding. In this study, we aimed to determine the mixed bacteriological isolation rates from the uterus of cows with clinical metritis and to reveal the relationships between the bacteria that isolated together.Methods: For this purpose, sterile swabs were taken from 490 uterus obtained from cattle slaughtered due to infertility in three slaughterhouses and used them to perform microbiological tests. After evaluating the data, it was determined that the bacterial isolation rate from uterus with clinical metritis was 76.14% (n = 268). Results: The rates for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 bacteria isolated from the uterus with clinical metritis were 48.13%, 33.96%, 15.30%, 2.24%, and 0.37%, respectively. The isolation rates for Trueperella pyogenes, Fusobacterium necrophorum, and Escherichia coli alone from the uterus with clinical metritis were 27.08%, 28.00%, and 16.51%, respectively. In uterus with clinical metritis, Staphylococcus aureus (16.67%) was the most commonly isolated bacteria with T. pyogenes, Clostridium spp. (16%) co-isolated with F. necrophorum, and coagulase-negative staphylococci (16.51%) and Bacillus spp. (16.51%) were detected with E. coli.Conclusion: As a result, it was concluded that when evaluating the microbiological results for cows with clinical metritis, mixed infections should be taken into more consideration, and the characteristics of the bacteria that isolate together should be considered during the treatment of mixed infections.