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    A proceeding to numerical study of mathematical model of bioconvective Maxwell nanofluid flow through a porous stretching surface with nield/convective boundary constraints
    (Nature Portfolio, 2024) Imran, Muhammad; Basit, Muhammad Abdul; Yasmin, Sumeira; Khan, Shan Ali; Elagan, S. K.; Akguel, Ali; Hassan, Ahmed M.
    Nanofluids become significant in the mass and heat transfer models, especially in engineering problems. Current proceedings focused on the bioconvective Maxwell nanofluid flow passing through the permeable stretchable sheet contingent to nield boundary conditions involving effects of activation energy and thermal radiation. Various physical quantities are involved in this mechanism like magnetic field, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion. The main objective of the study is to report the heat and mass transport in the existence of motile microorganisms. In a mathematical perspective, this structured physical model is going to govern with the help of partial differential equations (PDEs). These governing PDEs are then converted into dimensionless ordinary differential equations form by utilizing appropriate similarity transformations. For numerical results, the shooting technique with 'bvp4c' built-in package of MATLAB was implemented. Computed results are then visualized graphically and discussed effects of involving physical variables on the nano-fluid flow profiles are comprehensively. From results, it has been concluded that the fluid flow velocity, temperature, concentration, and microorganism density profiles show escalation on increasing the numeric values of porosity, thermophoresis, buoyancy ratio, bioconvection Rayleigh, Peclet number parameters and decrement reported due to increasing the counts of Prandtl number, magnetic field, radiation, Brownian motion, Lewis number as evident from figures. The numerical outcomes observed by fixing the physical parameters as 0.1 < lambda < 3.0, 0.1 < M < 1.5, 0.1 < Nr < 6.0, 0.1 < Rb < 1.5, 0.1 < Nb < 6.0, 0.1 < Nt < 1.0, 2.0 < Pr < 2.9, 0.1 < Rd < 0.4 . Magnetic field and Brownian motion create retardation impact due to the liquid momentum. In tables, the numerical values of Skin friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and microorganisms density number are presented and also comparison table of our computed results and already published results is included for the validation.
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    Brownian motion and thermophoretic diffusion impact on Darcy-Forchheimer flow of bioconvective micropolar nanofluid between double disks with Cattaneo-Christov heat flux
    (Elsevier, 2023) Shahzad, Arfan; Imran, Muhammad; Tahir, Madeeha; Khan, Shan Ali; Akgul, Ali; Abdullaev, Sherzod; Park, Choonkil
    The topic of fluid flow through disks is important due to a broad range of its applications in industries, engineering, and scientific fields. The objective of the current article is to analyze the bioconvective micropolar nanofluid flow between the coaxial, parallel, and radially stretching dou-ble disks in the occurrence of gyrotactic motile microorganisms with convective thermal boundary conditions. Darcy-Forchheimer medium is considered between the double disks that allow the flow horizontally with additional effects of porosity and friction. The flow is also considered under the impacts of thermal conductivity and thermal radiations. The influence of gyrotactic microorganisms is accommodated through the bioconvection, which increases the strength of thermal transporta-tion. Furthermore, the Cattaneo-Christov heat flux theory is also accounted. The flow model is trans moved into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) utilizing appropriate similarity transformation functions. The bvp4c technique has been used to solve the transformed flow model. The implication of some prominent physical and bioconvection parameters on velocities, microro-tation, thermal field, volumetric concentration of nanoparticles, and microorganisms' fields are pre-sented through graphs and tabular ways. It is observed that the stretching ratio parameter of the disks accelerates the axial and micro rotational velocities of the nanofluid. In contrast, the stretch-ing Reynolds number slows down the radial velocity near the plane's center. The temperature pro-file goes high against the Brownian motion, thermal radiation, and thermal conductivity parameters, while an inverse trend has been observed for increasing magnitudes of Prandtl number. The nanoparticles concentration profile is upsurged against the thermophoresis parameter. The density profile of gyrotactic motile microorganisms is de-escalated by the Peclet number and the bioconvection Lewis number. Micropolar parameters cause an increase of couple stresses and a decrement in shear stresses. A comparison with published work is provided under certain limita-tions to test the validity of numerical scheme accuracy. (c) 2022 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier BV on behalf of Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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    Central composite design (CCD)-Response surface methodology (RSM) for modeling and simulation of MWCNT-water nanofluid inside hexagonal cavity: Application to electronic cooling
    (Elsevier, 2023) Wang, Jianfeng; Khan, Shan Ali; Yasmin, Sumeira; Alam, Mohammad Mahtab; Liu, Haihu; Farooq, Umar; Akguel, Ali
    Purpose: In application of hexagonal shapes, engineers and researchers use mathematical modeling, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and experimental techniques to study natural convection inside hexagonal cavities and improve the design and efficiency of engineering systems. The exploration of fluid performance in hexagonal cavity has been an important problem from the earlier in the fluid mechanics field. The present transient study about thermal reaction and behavior of natural convectional MWCNT-water nanofluid flow privileged a hexagonal cavity in the occurrence of magnetic field is scrutinized. The flow domain of hexagonal structure cavity is a partitioned with lower heated cavity wall and inner four blocks are also heated. The upper wall of the cavity is considered insulated. Furthermore the other remaining walls of the hexagonal cavity are cold.Approach: The two-dimensional steady, incompressible, governing equations which involve continuity, velocity, and temperature equations of mono nanofluid in a dimensionless form are expressed in vertically and horizontal directions respectively. Moreover, transformed the governing equations into their dimensionless system then elucidated numerically with the help of Galerkin Finite Element Method. Furthermore response surface methodology (RSM) has been utilized to obtaining the optimal values of the designed parameters. This combined process was successfully sculpted and optimized utilized a central composite design with response surface methodology.Findings: The numerical fallouts of the flow controlling parameters scrutinized containing streamlines, velocities components and isotherms are elaborated. The investigation depicts enhanced convection velocity and temperature outcomes for different values of Rayleigh number. The average Nusselt number is drops as Rayleigh number boosts up. It is concluded that the Nusselt number is reduces for Hartmann number. For larger nanoparticles fraction Nusselt number increases.Limitations: This analysis has particular scope for improvement. In additions, studies can be showed on the improvement of hexagonal cavity walls designs, thickness, and size of the walls of enclosure cavity. Furthermore the heated blocks are involved inside the cavity.Practical application: The natural convection flow through hexagonal cavity reveals major importance and those geometrical shapes are playing major role in electronic cooling. In electronics, hexagonal cavities can be found in heat sinks and electronic packages. Natural convection plays a crucial role in dissipating heat from electronic devices, such as microprocessors, power electronics, and LED lighting systems. Nanofluids exhibit potential heat transfer as compared to conventional coolants. With this aim, the current analysis enlightens the natural convection flow of MWCNTs-water nanofluid inside hexagonal cavity and square-shaped blocks.Originality: This analysis is original, and no previous investigation has been accompanied considering the enclosure domain of cavity and variation of the walls number.
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    Entropy optimized Ferro-copper/blood based nanofluid flow between double stretchable disks: Application to brain dynamic
    (Elsevier, 2023) Khan, Shan Ali; Yasmin, Sumeira; Waqas, Hassan; Az-Zo'bi, Emad A.; Alhushaybari, Abdullah; Akgul, Ali; Hassan, Ahmed M.
    Researchers and scientists were inspired by the enormous reactions from industry about heat transformation enhancements due to the entropy generation. The entropy generation shows as a extremes for complex mechanisms like solid state physics, two-phase flows, electro-magnetic air conditioning, and economic evaluation of manufacturing processes, as well as biological technologies chemistry, including biochemistry. We note here that many thermal mechanisms are related to the irreversibility system. The current work focused on the entropy generation impacts in viscous magnetized mono-nanofluids flow between stretchable rotating disks. Ferro and copper are considered as nanoparticles and Blood as a base fluid. The Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium and joule heating effects are considered. For simplifying the current analysis, suitable transformation were introduced in the mathematical description to renovate the partial differential equations (PDE's) into coupled ordinary ones. To solve the resulting ODEs well-known numerical algorithm bvp4c is used in Matlab in the light of Lobatto-IIIA formula. The consequence of sundry parameters against velocity components, pressure field, temperature distribution and entropy generation are described graphically.