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    Annexins: A family of calcium binding proteins with variety of roles in plant development and abiotic stress tolerance
    (Elsevier, 2024) Faizan, Mohammad; Ashoka, Hadagali; Karabulut, Fadime; Alam, Pravej; Ahmed, S. Maqbool; Khan, Ira; Soysal, Sipan
    Plant annexins are a multigene family of phospholipid-binding, calcium-dependent proteins that respond to signals and environmental challenges as plants grow and develop. Plant annexins are functionally unique due to their ATPase/GTPase, peroxidase, and calcium (Ca2+) channel-regulating activities. They play a major role in controlling many different aspects of cellular and metabolic functions, plant growth and development, and reactions to both biotic and abiotic environmental stimuli. In this review, we provide an overview of how intracellular and extracellular annexins work, mechanism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and annexins, highlight recent developments of the roles of annexins in abiotic stress tolerance in plants, and emphasize the role of annexins in plant growth and development.
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    Response of maize (Zea mays L.) on yield, physiology and stomatal behaviour under two different elevated CO2 concentrations. Do these anatomical changes affect the physiology of the C4 crop plant under high CO2 conditions?
    (Czech Academy Agricultural Sciences, 2024) Khan, Ira; Vanaja, Maddi; Sathish, Poldasari; Faizan, Mohammad; Soysal, Sipan; Rajput, Vishnu D.; Djalovic, Ivica
    Rising CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is a matter of global concern and poses apprehension about how plants will adapt to the changing environment. Various studies have proved that under high CO2 levels, plant physiology alters and affects plant functioning. However, under elevated CO2, the stomatal characters and their relation with physiological responses are still not yet clear. To find out these changes in the stomatal parameters at ambient and two elevated CO2 (550 ppm and 700 ppm) levels, four genotypes of maize (Zea mays L.) viz. DHM-117, Harsha, Varun and M-24 were grown in open-top chambers. In the study, it was observed that the stomatal density increased, stomatal size altered, stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) decreased under elevated CO2 (eCO2) while photosynthetic rate (Pn), water use efficiency (WUE), yield and biomass, of which especially the reproductive biomass increased. Under eCO2, stomatal and physiological changes were genotypic and CO2 concentration specific. Increased stomatal density at eCO2 was mainly due to increased abaxial stomatal density. The improved Pn and reduced Tr at 550 ppm improved the WUE in the plants, while this response was not observed at 700 ppm. These results elucidate that this C4 crop responded positively to up to 550 ppm of CO2 concentrations, and beyond this, the impact was minimal.