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    Assessment of heavy metal concentrations and behavior in cultivated soils under humid-subhumid environmental condition of the Black Sea region
    (Elsevier, 2023) Bayrakli, Betul; Dengiz, Orhan; Ozyazici, Mehmet Arif; Koc, Yusuf; Kesim, Emel; Turkmen, Ferhat
    In present time, contamination of soils with heavy metals has become a serious problem for the ecosystem, which is caused not only by industrial wastes but also by natural reasons such as geological origin and other human impact e.g., agricultural activities. This study discussed the sources of heavy metals, their spatial distribution, and factors affecting mobilization or retention mechanisms in soils. Soil pH (soil acidity), clay content, and soil organic matter content were studied as the main properties affecting the behavior of heavy metals in soil formed under humid and subhumid coastal environmental conditions. For this purpose, 3395 soil samples were collected from agricultural lands in the central and eastern Black Sea Regions. The results show that agricultural soils in the region have medium texture, high organic matter content, and an acidic response. While the average concentration levels of total heavy metal contents were determined as Fe > Mn > Ni > Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Co > Cd, the average levels of available heavy metal contents were Fe > Mn > Cu > Zn > Ni > Co > Cd > Cr in soil samples. When enrichment factor (EF) values of the soils were examined, the values of Cd and Pb were above 2, while the EF values of the other heavy metal elements were below 2; that is, they were classified as deficiency to minimal enrichment. It was also found that the heavy metals Cu and Cd had the highest availability ratio values (AR). In addition, a path analysis was carried out to determine the effects of pH, clay content, and soil organic matter content on the behavior of heavy metals. Direct effects on extractable and total forms of heavy metals was ranked as pH > OM = Clay, while the impacts on EF and AR was ranked as OM > pH > Clay.
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    Orta ve Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi Tarım Topraklarının Bazı Makro ve Mikro Bitki Besin Maddesi Konsantrasyonları ve Ters Mesafe Ağırlık Yöntemi (IDW) ile Haritalanması
    (Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2015) Özyazıcı, Mehmet Arif; Dengiz, Orhan; Aydoğan, Mehmet; Bayraklı, Betül; Kesim, Emel; Urla, Öztekin; Yıldız, Hakan; Ünal, Ediz
    The aim of this study was to determine plant nutrients content and to in terms of soil variables their soil database and generate maps of their distribution on agricultural land in Central and Eastern Black Sea Region using geographical information system (GIS). In this research, total 3400 soil samples (0-20 cm depth) were taken at 2.5 x 2.5 km grid points representing agricultural soils. Total nitrogen, extractable calcium, magnesium, sodium, boron, iron, copper, zinc and manganese contents were analysed in collected soil samples. Analysis results of these samples were classified and evaluated for deficiency, sufficiency or excess with respect to plant nutrients. Afterwards, in terms of GIS, a soil database and maps for current status of the study area were created by using inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation method. According to this research results, it was determined sufficient plant nutrient elements in terms of total nitrogen, extractable iron, copper and manganese in arable soils of Central and Eastern Blacksea Region while, extractable calcium, magnesium, sodium were found good and moderate level in 66.88%, 81.44% and 64.56% of total soil samples, respectively. In addition, insufficient boron and zinc concentration were found in 34.35% and 51.36% of soil samples, respectively.
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    Orta ve Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi Tarım Topraklarının Temel Verimlilik Düzeyleri ve Alansal Dağılımları
    (Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 2016) Özyazıcı, Mehmet Arif; Dengiz, Orhan; Aydoğan, Mehmet; Bayraklı, Betül; Kesim, Emel; Urla, Öztekin; Yıldız, Hakan; Ünal, Ediz
    The aim of this study was to determine basic soil fertility properties of the agricultural lands inCentral and Eastern Black Sea Region and generate soil distribution maps using the Geographical Information System (GIS). In this research, a total of 3400 soil samples were taken at depths of 0-20 cm on a grid spacing of 2.5 x 2.5 km representing the agricultural soils of the region. Soiltexture, pH, electrical conductivity, lime content, organic matter content, available phosphorus andextractable potassium contents were analyzed in the collected soil samples. Analysis results of thesesamples were classified into certain criteria, and they were evaluated for deficiency, sufficiency or excess with respect to plant nutrients. Afterwards, soil fertility maps and a database for currentstatus of the study area were created using GIS techniques. According to the results of the study, thevast majority (75.30%) of agricultural soils in the Central and Eastern Black Sea Region containedloamy (medium textured) soils by general groupings, and their pH values were found to be highlyvariable (between <4.5-8.5). The vast majority of soils were identified as having the levels ofmedium-good-high in terms of organic matter and no salinity problem, and 61.15% of the soils hadlow lime content. Of the soils of the territory, 58.83% had phosphorus deficiency while 42.68% hadextractable potassium in sufficient levels.
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    The effect of hazelnut husk applications on some properties of hazelnut orchard soil and hazelnut yield
    (2023) Bayraklı, Betül; Gülser, Coşkun; Özyazıcı, Gülen; Özyazıcı, Mehmet Arif; Kesim, Emel
    Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of hazelnut husk released after production on some physical and biological properties, nutrient content, and hazelnut yield of hazelnut orchard soil. Material and Methods: In experiments, each hazelnut ocak was planted at a 4.0 m x 4.5 m distance to form a parcel; Hazelnut husk was applied at doses of 0, 25, 50, and 75 kg/ocak in a randomized block design with three replications. In the first, second, and third years following the application, soil samples were taken after the hazelnut harvest in order to, determine some physical, chemical and biological properties, nutrient content, and hazelnut yields. Results: Statistically, significant differences were determined in the organic matter (OM), penetration resistance (PR), bulk density (BD), soil respiration (SR), microbial biomass carbon (Cmic), total N, available P2O5, K2O and hazelnut yields (p<0.01) of the soil depending on the hazelnut husk dose applications. Depending on the application dose, hazelnut husk application increased the organic matter content of the soil by an average of 29.84% as compared to the control. Conclusion: As a result of the positive changes in the physical and biological properties of the soils, increases were obtained in the applied doses in the total N, available P2O5, K2O, and hazelnut yields of the soils as compared to the control.