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    Effect of some factors on growth of lambs and the determination of growth curve models
    (Indian Journal Animal Research, 2018) Yılmaz, Ayhan; Karakuş, Ferda; Bingöl, Mehmet; Kaki, Barış; Ser, Gazel
    The aims were to identify the body weight of the several age groups in Norduz lambs and its correlations between these traits were to determine the best non-linear growth curve models for the growth performance of the Norduz sheep breed. A total of 91 male and female of Norduz lambs were evaluated under extensive system conditions. The least square means for weights at birth and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 165, 180, 195 and 210 days of age periods were 4.51±0.56, 9.28±0.25, 11.14±0.29, 14.99±0.37, 18.21±0.43, 22.54±0.54, 22.33±0.25, 23.59±0.54, 25.58±0.55, 28.07±0.58, 29.45±0.60, 29.98±0.84, 32.44±0.61, 32.03±0.59 and 31.45±0.57 kg, respectively. There were differences in favor of lambs of four-year old dams at 15 days of age and also lambs born single at 90 days of age for the body weight. The effect of weight of dam at birth, 30, 45, 60 days of age was significant (P< 0.05-P<0.01) and the birth weight in lambs importantly effected the weights at 15, 30, and 45 days of age. All correlations between the body weights of several age periods were significant as statistical (P<0.01). As for the growth models, distinguished models were compared using the coefficient of determination and mean square error for both sexes. As a result, we concluded that von Bertalanffy model were the best model in comparison with the other models for biological growth curves in Norduz male and female lambs.
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    The effectiveness of recombinant Ol fusion protein (Ovalbumin-LHRH-7) in supressing reproductive functions when injected in single-dose vaccination protocols with different adjuvants
    (Animal Reproduction Science, 2013) Karakuş, Ferda; Yılmaz, Ayhan; Hakan, Bünyamin; Stormo, Keith; Ülker, Hasan
    The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of recombinant LHRH fusion protein,Ovalbumin-LHRH-7(OL),using a single-dose vaccination protocol in combination with different adjuvants in suppressing reproductive functions in buck kids.For this pur-pose, either a mixture of free OL antigen and encapsulated OL antigen, or encapsulated OL antigen was used. Thirty-nine native buck kids at 12 weeks of age were divided into control (n=7) and treatment groups (n=8 bucks/group).The four treatment groups were formed according to the different vaccine formulations: Group Cp Greceived0.5mgfree OL protein to get her with 1. 0 mg of encapsulated protein with CpG adjuvant. Group mFCA received 0.5mg free OL protein together with 1.0 mg of encapsulated protein with modified Fre-und’s complete adjuvant. Group IS received 1.5 mg encapsulated OL protein with amix of inulin and saponin adjuvants. Group Ism FCA received 1.5mg encapsulated OL protein withamixofinulin, saponin and modified Freund’scomplete adjuvants. Scrotal circumference in CpG and mFCA groups were significantly smaller than that of Control, IS and ISm FCA groups (P<0.05). Numbers and percentage of bucks having spermatozoa in their ejaculate were significantly lowerin Cp G and mFCA groups (P<0.05). OL immunization completely suppressed sperm production, exceptone buck,in CpG and FCA groups (P<0.05).These results imply that it is possible to use OL protein in a single injection protocol for the purpose of immunocastration. Further investigation with a larger number of animals should be carried out to determine the longevity of response to a single injection.
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    LHRH fusion protein immunization alters testicular development, ultrasonographic and histological appearance of ram testis
    (Reproduction in Domestic Animals, 2009) Ülker, Hasan; Yılmaz, Ayhan; Karakuş, Ferda; Yörük, Macit; Budağ, Cemal; de AVILA, David M; Reeves, Jerry J
    This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) fusion protein immunization on reproductive traits in ram lambs including the changes in histology and ultrasonographic appearance of the testis. Thirty native ram lambs at 19 weeks of age were divided into control (C, n = 10), immunization (I, n = 10) and castration (E, n = 10) groups. Animals in immunization group were immunized against LHRH using ovalbumin-LHRH-7 (OL) protein generated by recombinant DNA technology as a primary and a booster injection at 19 and 23 weeks of age respectively. Animals were bled via jugular venepuncture at 2-week intervals to determine LHRH antibody and testosterone concentrations. Bi-weekly ultrasonographic examination of the testes was performed to determine the changes in ultrasonographic appearance as the age increased. Biopsied testicular tissues taken at 19, 29 and 41 weeks age were also evaluated. At 41 weeks of age, animals were slaughtered. Semen and epididymis were evaluated for the presence of sperm cells. Testicular development and sperm production were suppressed in the immunized animals. Seminiferous tubule diameters decreased, basal membrane of the tubule was thickened and hyalinized in immunized ram lambs. While testes of control animals gained their normal ultrasonographic appearance as the age increased, immunized animals had uniform hypoechogenic testicular structure as observed at 19 weeks of age until slaughter. Simultaneous histological and ultrasonographic evaluations indicated that the changes in testicular histology could partly be monitored via ultrasonographic imaging. Nevertheless, it is difficult to claim that ultrasonographic image reflects the exact changes in such instances. In conclusion, these results indicate that recombinant OL fusion protein is effective in immunocastration in ram lambs and has a potential to be used as an alternative to physical castration. Further research studies should be conducted to help assess reproductive status of testes from ultrasound images.
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    Norduz ve Karakas Koçlarında Eseysel Davranıs Özellikleri ve Yasla Değisimi
    (TARIM BİLİMLERİ DERGİSİ, 2009) Yılmaz, Ayhan; Karakuş, Ferda; Yeşilova, Abdullah
    Bu çalışma, Akkaraman varyetesi Norduz ve Karakaş koçlarında eşeysel davranış özelliklerinin yasa göre değişimini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla koçlar, yaslarına göre iki gruba ayrılmış; birinci ve ikinci grubu sırasıyla 3? ve 2 yaslı koçlar oluşturmuştur. Eşeysel davranışların belirlenmesi için birinci (n=7) ve ikinci grup (n=5) koçlar bireysel olarak 2 günde bir 15 dakika süreyle 3-5 kızgın koyunla test edilmiştir. Çalışmada incelenen davranış özelliklerinden flehmensiz genital organları koklama (FSGOK), flehmenli genital organları koklama (FGOK), kuyruk kaldırma (KK), ses çıkarma (SÇ), ejakulasyonsuz (EJSBS) ve ejakulasyonlu binis sayısına (EJBS) ilişkin ortalama değerler sırasıyla; 4.65±0.53, 2.08±0.19, 8.58±0.97, 62.90±6.30, 38.73±3.04 ve 1.29±0.19 bulunmuştur. Biniş süresi (BS), ejakulasyon süresi (ES) ve ejakulasyon etkinliğine (EJET) ilişkin en küçük kareler ortalamaları sırasıyla; 0.65±0.11 dk, 5.16±0.71 dk ve 0.05±0.006 olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalısmada 3? yas grubu koçlar kuyruk kaldırma, ses çıkarma, ejakulasyonlu biniş sayısı, ejakulasyon süresi ve ejakulasyon etkinliği bakımından 2 yas grubu koçlardan üstün bulunmuştur (P<0.05). Eşeysel etkinlik testinin özellikle 2 yaslı koçlarda incelenen özellikler bakımından bir iyileşme sağlamadığı gözlenmiştir.