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Öğe Determination of pre-parturition and post-parturition behaviors of Norduz goats(Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 2012) Yılmaz, Ayhan; Karaca, Serhat; Kor, Aşkın; Bingöl, MehmetThe objective of this study was to determine of pre-parturition and post-parturition behaviors of Norduz Goats. Animal subjects consisted of 18 primiparous single-birth does aged 2-3 years. During the kidding time, the goats were recorded with digital video cameras for one hour pre parturition and 24 h post-parturition in order to register parturition traits. Twelve does (67%) gave birth while being recumbent and six (33%) while standing (P<0.01). The majority of kidding (n=12, 67%) occurred between 12.00 -18.00 h, followed by 18.00-24.00 h (n=4, 22%) and 00.00-06.00 h (n=2, 11%). The majority of does (n= 83%) accepted and nursed their kids after parturition; however, 3 does (17%) rejected their kids after parturition. Of those does who accepted their kids, 14 (93%) refrained from feeding throughout the observation period, whereas only 1 (7%) left her kid to feed during this period (1/15). The duration of parturition, the duration of placenta expulsion, the latency to first sniffing, the latency to first licking, the latency to first suckling, the duration of first suckling, the latency to first standing, and the duration of standing at the birth site were 21.99±2.49 min., 120.74±6.98 min., 0.64±0.39 min., 0.82±0.22 min., 22.65±2.37 min., 0.62±0.13 min., 17.50±2.42 min. and 4> h, respectively. These results clearly suggest that in Norduz goats the parturition behavior occurs within four hours after the parturition, and also Norduz goats are observed to be having a normal maternal behavior regarding with investigated behavioral characteristics.Öğe Effect of different feeding systems on the fattening performance, slaughter-carcass characteristics and meat quality in lambs(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2016) Karaca, Serhat; Yilmaz, Ayhan; Kor, Askin; Bingol, Mehmet; Keskin, SiddikThe aim of the study was to find out the effect of different feeding systems on the fattening performance, slaughter and carcass characteristics, and meat quality of Norduz male lambs. Lambs were randomly divided into 3 groups of 15 each, as follows: 2M (2 meals/day), 4M (4 meals/day) and SF (self-feeder). Then, lambs were fed according to these regimes for 70 days to determine the feed conversion ratio, dressing percentage, carcass fatness and meat quality traits such as pH, color and water holding capacity. Although live weights and daily weight gains were found to be similar among the groups, significant differences were found in the daily feed intake (2M: 1.53 kg; 4M: 1.70 kg; SF: 1.89 kg) among groups (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in slaughter and carcass characteristics except dressing percentage (2M: 49.69%; 4M: 50.59%; SF: 48.46%). Meat quality traits were also similar among groups, except for pH(24h) (2M: 5.77; 4M: 5.95; SF: 6.10) (p<0.01).Öğe The effect of feeding system on slaughter-carcass characteristics, meat quality, and fatty acid composition of lambs(Arch. Anim. Breed, 2016) Karaca, Serhat; Yılmaz, Ayhan; Kor, Aşkın; Bingöl, Mehmet; Cavidoğlu, İsa; Ser, GazelIn this study, we aimed to determine the slaughter-carcass characteristics, meat quality, and fatty acid composition in lambs raised under intensive and extensive conditions. The animal material consisted of 30 Norduz male lambs, with an average age of 171 days. The lambs were divided into two groups: concentrate-fed lambs (CO) and pasture-fed lambs (PS). The results showed that the CO lambs had heavier carcasses (p<0:001), a higher dressing percentage (p<0:001), and higher intramuscular fat (p<0:01) than the PS lambs. It was determined that the longissimus thoracis muscle of the CO lambs had a lower ultimate pH and higher L and water-holding capacity than the PS lambs. In this study, intramuscular fat (longissimus thoracis, semimembranosus, triceps brachii), subcutaneous and tail fat samples were used to evaluate the effect of feeding system on fatty acid composition. The polyunsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid ratio (PUFA= SFA) of intramuscular fat was found to be significantly higher in the CO group than in the PS lambs, while similar subcutaneous and tail fat results were found in both groups. Moreover, the PS lambs had a lower n6 = n3 ratio and higher percentage of omega-3 than the CO lambs in all tissues studied (p<0:05). Overall, the CO lambs have heavier and fattier carcasses with better meat quality traits than the PS lambs. However, the effects of feeding system have varying results based on the fatty acid composition of different types of fat deposits.Öğe The effect of organic selenium in feeding of ewes in late pregnancy on selenium transfer to progeny(Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2017) Erdoğan, Sibel; Karadaş, Filiz; Yılmaz, Ayhan; Karaca, SerhatThe objective of this study was to determine the effect of supplemented organic selenium at different levels to concentrate feed of Norduz ewes in late pregnancy on maternal serum, placenta, colostrum, and offspring serum concentrations. This study was conducted using two-year-old 35 Norduz ewes. Ewes were randomly assigned to one of three dietary treatments for 57 days prepartum and at the seven days postpartum. Group 1 was fed a standard pregnant sheep concentrate basal diet without any additional Se supplement (control). Experiment groups were fed diets supplemented with 0.150 mg/kg, 0.300 mg/kg, and 0.450 mg/kg organic selenium to the same basal diet. Results showed that addition of selenium to gestating ewe diets increased Se in serum after one week of feeding. Ewes supplemented with 0.300 and 0.450 mg/kg Se had increased placenta, serum, and colostrum Se levels compared with those fed the control diet (P<0.05). There was a strong positive correlation between placental and serum Se concentration in ewes. Colostrum Se increased linearly with dietary Se in the treatment groups. At birth, lamb serum Se ranged from 48.96 ng/mL to 195.52 ng/mL and was affected by the Se concentration of the ewe diets, which indicated placenta transfer of selenium from the dam. As selenium level increased in basal diet, an upward trend was observed in maternal free thyroxine concentration. Likewise, serum free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and immunoglobulin G concentrations of lambs from the three treatment groups were significantly greater than of the control lambs. As a result, selenium supplementation was important for maintaining Se and immunoglobulin G concentration in placenta, serum, and colostrum in ewes.Öğe Effects of the maternal behavior score (MBS) on weaning weight and litter survival in sheep(African J. Agric. Res., 2011) Yılmaz, Ayhan; Karaca, Serhat; Bingöl, Mehmet; Kor, Aşkın; Kaki, BarışThis study intends to describe the differences concerning maternal behavior score between the different genotypes and groups of the age of dam in less selected Norduz, Karakaş, and Ile-de- FrancexAkkaraman (G1)xKarakaş crosses, and also aims to determine the effects of Maternal Behavior Score (MBS) on weaning weight and survival of lambs in genotypes studied. Experimental subjects were 92 heads of the 2, 3 and 4 years-old of the Norduz, karakaş and Ile-de-FrancexAkkaraman (G1)xKarakaş crosses. The MBS was scored on a 5-point scale based on the distance a ewe retreats from her lambs when the shepherd is tagging them. Within 24 h of birth, maternal behavior score was evaluated, and survival of the lambs was calculated from birth to weaning and at the same time measured the weaning weight in lambs. We detected that in the ewes lambing the first time MBS were lower than those that they were lambed before (P < 0.01). Similarly, there were the significant differences between genotypes; less selected Norduz sheep had higher maternal behavior score than Karakaş and Ile-de-FrancexAkkaraman (G1)xKarakaş crosses (P < 0.01). The effects of the maternal behavior on weaning weight and survival of the lambs were not found, statistically. It is concluded that with intense improvement programs in genotypes, a reduction regarding maternal behavior score is observed. In other words, the intense improvement programs in extensive animal breeding reduce the maternal ability in sheep.Öğe Feedlot performance and carcass characteristics of Norduz male kids(Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advance, 2006) Daşkıran, İrfan; Bingöl, Mehmet; Kor, Aşkın; Ayşe Özge, Demir; Yılmaz, Ayhan; Karaca, SerhatThe aim of this study was to determine the feedlot performance and carcass characterşistics of Norduz male kids. The initial and final body weights and average daily weight gain of these animals during the feedlot feeding period were 18.6 kg, 26.1 kg and 133.3 g, respectively. During the fattening period, average daily concentrated feed consumption and feeding efficiency of these animals were 604 g/day per head and 5.6 kg, respectively. At the end of the fattening period, 10 heads of Norduz male kids were slaughtered in order to determine carcass characteristics. Slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weights and dressing percetage were foun as 25.4 kg, 10.6 kg and 41.5 %, respectively. In this study; bone, muscle, subcutaneous fat and inter-muscular fat contents were found AS 38.9, 46.4, 3.7 AND 6.4 %, respectively.Öğe Relationships between physiological and behavioral responses of goat bucks in mating season(Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 2016) Karaca, Serhat; Yılmaz, Ayhan; Ser, Gazel; Sarıbey, MuammerThe objective of this study was to determine the sexual parameters in young bucks with different sexual activity and the effect of experience (age) on sexual parameters in bucks. Fifteen young, sexually inexperienced (SI) and five adult, sexually experienced (SE) Saanen × Hair goat crossbred bucks were used in this study. Bucks were individually exposed to three estrus does for 15-min periods during four sexual performance tests, which were carried out every other day to determine some sexual behavior traits such as flehmen response, reaction time, and ejaculation efficiency. Sexually inexperienced young bucks were evaluated based on their sexual activity (active (AC) vs inactive (IA)) and presence of horn. It was found that AC bucks had significantly higher serum testosterone concentrations (31.5 vs 21.5 ng/mL) and weight loss (114.2 vs 51.2 g/day) than IA bucks. In addition, weight loss was significantly correlated with ejaculation efficiency in young bucks. On the other hand, horned bucks tended to have higher ejaculation efficiency with significantly longer reaction time than polled bucks. For experience (age) classes, SE bucks had higher testosterone concentration (76.0 vs 31.5 ng/mL) and weight loss (16.7 vs 8.6%) than SI active young bucks. However, the effect of experience on other sexual performance traits was found to be limited. Overall, these results indicate that testosterone concentration may affect sexual performance of young bucks in the mating season. Age-related sexual experience is not a determining factor for sexual performance in bucks. However, sexual performance data alone may not reflect reproductive outcomes without semen data.Öğe Single nucleotide polymorphisms of GDF9 gene/exon 2 region and their associations with milk yield and milk content traits in Karakas and Norduz sheep breeds(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2021) Koyun, Hasan; Kiraz, Selahaddin; Karaca, Serhat; Koncagul, Seyrani; Yilmaz, Ayhan; Karakus, Kadir; Yesilova, AbdullahKarakas and Norduz sheep have been adapted to the Lake Van region of Turkey for many years as being domestic genetic resources and meat, milk, and fleece traits are a reliable economic resource especially preferred by small family businesses around the area. In this study, the data set consisted of milk yield (MY) and milk content components; milk fat (MF), fat-free dry matter (FFDM), dry matter (DM), protein (Pro), lactose (Lac), pH, acidity H (aH), and lactic acid (Lac). Besides, Karakas (n = 30) and Norduz (n = 26) sheep were chosen to investigate based on the SNP method. Correspondingly, genomic DNA from both breeds exon 2 of the GDF9 gene region was amplified, 815 base pairs (bp) in length, by means of PCR. Therefore, there were three noval SNPs detected in both breeds under investigation. Although SNP1 and 2 with genotypes of GG and AG had statistically significant impacts on both milk production and milk components (p < 0.01), SNP3 with genotypes of TT, TC had no significant effects on the milk characteristics in question.Öğe The Relationship Between Sexual Behaviors and Serum Testosterone Concentrations in Norduz Rams(2015) Karaca, Serhat; Erdoğan, Sibel; Yılmaz, AyhanBu çalışmanın amacı, Norduz koçlarında eşeysel davranış özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve bu özellikler ile serum testosteron konsantrasyonu arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi olmuştur. Eşeysel davranış özellikleri, koçların bireysel olarak 15 dakika süreyle 3 kızgın koyuna maruz bırakılmasından oluşan ve birer gün ara ile gerçekleştirilen, toplam 4 test ile belirlenmiştir. Eşeysel davranış özellikleri ve serum testosteron konsantrasyonu (TK) test günlerine göre değişim göstermezken (p<0.05); TK ve ses çıkartmanın koçlara göre önemli farklılıklar gösterdiği belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Ayrıca bazı eşeysel davranışlar ile fizyolojik özellikler arasında önemli korelasyonlar [flehmen-ejakülasyon sayısı (0.462), biniş süresi-ejakülasyon sayısı (-0.494), biniş sayısı-yaş (-0.458), TK (test öncesi)-ejakülasyon süresi (-0.544)] belirlenmiştir (p<0.05). Bununla birlikte, incelenen davranım özellikleri ile testosteron konsantrasyonu arasında ejakülasyon süresi ile olan negatif korelasyon dışında önemli bir ilişki saptanmamıştır. Sonuç olarak, koç katım döneminde serum testosteron konsantrasyonunun, deneyimli koçların eşeysel davranış özelliklerine etkisinin sınırlı düzeyde olduğunu söylemek mümkündür
