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    A Preliminary Study to Evaluate the Reproducibility of Factor Analysis Results: The Case of Educational Research Journals in Turkey
    (Assoc Measurement & Evaluation Education & Psychology, 2019) Aydin, Burak; Kaplan, Mehmet; Atilgan, Hakan; Gurel, Sungur
    In quantitative research, an attempt to reproduce previously reported results requires at least a transparent definition of the population, sampling method, and the analyses procedures used in the prior studies. Focusing on the articles published between 2010 and 2017 by the four prestigious educational research journals in Turkey, this study aimed to investigate the reproducibility of the factor analysis results from a theoretical perspective. A total of 275 articles were subject to descriptive content analysis. Results showed that 77.8% of the studies did not include an explicit definition of the population under interest, and in 50.9% of the studies, the sampling method was either not clear or reported to be convenience sampling. Moreover, information about the missing data or a missing data dealing technique was absent in the 76% of the articles. Approximately, half of the studies were found to have inadequate model fit. Furthermore, in almost all studies, it could not be determined whether the item types (i.e., levels of measurement scales) were taken into consideration during the analyses. In conclusion, the majority of the investigated factor analysis results were evaluated to be non-reproducible in practice.
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    Determination of Adult Population Fluctuation, Infection Rate of European Grapevine Moth [Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermuller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)] in the Vineyards of Hazro District (Diyarbakir)
    (Univ Namik Kemal, 2024) Sermen, Ramazan; Kaplan, Mehmet
    Grape is an important fruit consumed both fresh and dried in human nutrition. However, grapes are an important export product for the Turkish economy. There are many harmful insect and disease factors in terms of plant protection in vineyards. The main harmful insect species that affects the yield and quality negatively by feeding on flowers and clusters in vineyards is European Grapevine Moth [Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermuller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)]. This study was carried out by using sexual attractive traps in two vineyards of 10 decares each between the years 2021-2022 in Diyarbakir Province Hazro District, where the mazruni grape variety is grown intensively. It was aimed to determine the first emergence time, adult population change, the period of active presence in nature, the number of progeny and the infestation rate of the clusters in the vineyards of the cluster moth, which is the main pest in the vineyards. As a result of the study, it was determined that the adult flights of L. botrana were first detected in the traps on 18 April, ended on 21 November, and they were active in nature for about 8 months. A total of 296 adults/traps were counted in the Hurriyet neighborhood in 2021, the maximum weekly population density was 21 October (21 adults/traps), and a total of 1844 adults/traps were counted in Yazgi neighborhood, and the maximum weekly population density was 8 July (198 adults/traps).) was detected on in 2022, a total of 663 adults/traps were counted in Hurriyet neighborhood, the maximum weekly population density was 27 June (80 adults/trap), and a total of 2055 adults/traps were counted in Yazgi neighborhood, and the maximum weekly population density was 20 June (233 adults/traps). trap) was detected. Depending on the population density, it has been determined that the pest creates 4 peaks per year, three before harvest and one after harvest, and can give an estimated 4 generations under natural conditions. In the vineyard in Hurriyet neighborhood, the rate of pest and infestation of the clusters was determined to be 5% and 23%, respectively, and in the vineyard in Yazgi neighborhood, the ratio of L. botrana to the pest and infestation was 25% and 45%, respectively.
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    Determination of awareness levels of walnut producers in plant protection applications (a case study of Bitlis province)
    (2022) Kaplan, Mehmet; Demir, Cihan
    The survey was conducted in 2020 to determine the awareness level of walnut producers regarding crop protection practices in Adilcevaz and Hizan districts of Bitlis province, where walnut production is widespread. With this in mind, a face-to-face survey was conducted using a simple random sampling method among 87 producers in a total of 10 randomly selected villages from two districts. Within the scope of the research, walnut growers were found to be highly educated and most had non-agricultural income. The manufacturers in question take into account the recommendations of sellers and Agriculture and Forestry department when choosing pesticides and deciding on the usage dose rates, that the brand recognition and active ingredients are important to pesticide preferences, that they don't use the same pesticides in the fight against the same diseases and pests, They start spraying without seeing the signs of disease and harmful factors in the plant, they apply the recommended dose in drug applications, pesticides used leave residue on product. They observe the waiting time between spraying and harvesting and wear protective clothing and masks during spraying, they do not simply throw-away empty pesticide box and packages used after the application into the agricultural fields or their surroundings, they clean the sprayer, but they use the sprayer without calibration, they mix pesticides and prefer cultural methods over chemical methods, and they do not have any knowledge about the word biopesticide. It is known that producers generally choose chemical control in the solution of plant protection issues, and the indiscriminate use of these pesticides has many adverse effects on human and environmental health.
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    Determination of Bioecology, Infestation Rate and Distribution of the Harmful Grapevine Cicada Klapperichicen viridissima (Walker) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) in Vineyard Areas of Mardin Province in Turkiye
    (Springer, 2023) Kaplan, Mehmet
    Grape, which contains organic acids, minerals and vitamins in terms of human nutrition, is of great importance and is a type of fruit consumed as table and dry. Vine leaves are are used in the form of brine, whereas grapes are used as table, raisins, wine, as well as dried fruit pulp, boiled grape juice, must, juice, cosmetics, medicine, etc. Grape is an important export product for Turkiye's economy as well as an important source of income for the country's people. Carried out in large areas, viticulture is an important crop plant. The grapevine cicada is one of the important harmful insect species that causes entomological yield and quality loss in vineyard areas, as well as feeding on the roots and causing the vines to dry out over time. Studies on this pest are important. This study was carried out in order to determine the time of occurrence, distribution, bioecology in nature and rate of infestation of the adult grapvine cicada Klapperichicen viridissima (Walker) (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) in the vineyard areas of Mardin province in 2015-2016. Between June and September, weekly studies were carried out in a total of 40 vineyards, each of which has at least 50-70 vines, in Mardin. Visual control, culturing method and shoot removal method were used in the studies. As a result of the study, the first flight of K. viridissima adults in both years was on 20-25 June, the adult flights reached the highest level on 18-21 July and ended on 05-09 August. It has been determined that the pest is active in nature for about 40-45 days (end of June-early August). In addition, the distribution of this species according to the districts, the rate of contamination and the damage to vines in the vineyards were determined.
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    Determination of Distribution Areas, Harmful Insects and Mite Species in Vineyards
    (. Gece Kitaplığı. Research & Reviews in Agriculture, Forestry and Aquaculture Sciences, 2019) Kaplan, Mehmet
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    Determination of distribution, emergence period, population fluctuation and infestation rate of cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis cerasi L.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in cherry orchards of Mardin province (Turkey)
    (2019) Kaplan, Mehmet
    This study was carried out to determine distribution, emergence period, population fluctuation of Cherry Fruıt Fly (Rhagoletis cerasi L.) (Diptera: Tephritidae) in cherry orchards of Mardin province in 2013 and 2014. Studies were conducted through vegetation period in the orchards which have at least 50 cherry trees of Napolyon (Ziraat 900) varieties in each orchard. In the studies, visual yellow colored adhesive attractive traps were used in the monitoring of the pest. As a result of studies, adults of cherry fruit fly were seen first time in traps in the first week of May when the fruits were in the hay-yellow period. In addition, it was determined that the adults of the pest produced the highest density and damage in this period. It was determined that the population development of the pest continued about 21-42 days and the adult population continued until the third and last week of June, the infestation rate was between 0.1% and 0.7%.
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    Determination of Distribution, Population Change, Infestation and Damage situation of Olive Moth, Prays oleae (Bernard) (Lepidoptera: Praydidae) Causing Damage in Olive Orchards
    (Springer, 2020) Kaplan, Mehmet; Alaserhat, Ismail
    This study was conducted to determine adult population change, infestation and damage rate of Prays oleae Bern. (Lepidoptera: Praydidae) generations which are in leaves, flowers and fruits. Studies were conducted in 30 olive orchards in the Dara village and Derik district of Mardin province in 2016-2017 in Turkey. Samples were collected from three different orchards containing at least 30-40 olive trees. Samplings were done weekly by pheromone traps, visual inspection and shoot methods. As a result of the study, it was determined that Olive moth was distributed in the village of Dara and districts of Derik and Nusaybin, but was not distributed in districts of Kiziltepe of Mardin province. The general infestation ratio of the pest was 73.33% and olive moth had three peak points in a year, such as in early May, second week of June and in early October in the Mardin province. It was found that it had three generations in a year and adults of the pest appeared from April to November in Mardin province. It was also determined that the damage rate of the pest was between 12-21% in leaf generations, 2-5% in flower generations, and between 0.8-5% in fruit generations based on the years and the orchards.
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    Determination of harmful and beneficial predator insect species and the distribution and density of Eurygaster integriceps Puton (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae) in wheat-cultivated areas of Siirt province
    (2023) Dilmen, Halil; Kaplan, Cevdet; Özgökçe, Mehmet Salih; Çiftçi, Mustafa Cemal; Dilmen, Meryem Özer; Pala, Fırat; Kaplan, Mehmet
    Wheat is nowadays the most important source of food on earth. Many pest species have been identified that affect wheat yield and quality negatively. This study was conducted to identify harmful and beneficial insect (predator) species and of the distribution of Sunn pest in wheat cultivation areas in the districts (Siirt province Merkez, Kurtalan, Eruh, Tillo, Şirvan, Pervari, and Baykan) of Siirt Province, Türkiye in 2018 and 2019. Samplings were taken periodically for 1-2 weeks from April to July. The sweep nets, frame, pitfall trap, and visual control methods were used for sampling. At the end of the study, 42 species belonging to 6 orders and 25 families were determined. The distributions of the species were recorded as 27 species belonging to 12 families in Coleoptera, 10 species belonging to 7 families in Hemiptera, 2 species belonging to 2 families in Neuroptera, and 1 species belonging to each family in Hymenoptera, Orthoptera and Diptera. The most common and abundant species: the main pest Eurygaster integriceps Puton, 1881 (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), the secondary pests Aelia acuminata (Linnaeus, 1758), Dolycoris baccarum (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), Cephus pygmaeus (Linnaeus, 1767) (Hymenoptera: Cephidae) Gryllus bimaculatus De Geer, 1773, (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) were determined. In the study, a total of 16 species were identified, which is the first record for the local fauna of Siirt province. The highest average density of E. integriceps (2 adult + nymph / m2) was found in the Garzan and Gozpinari locations of the Kurtalan district. Besides, among the beneficial species, general predators Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens, 1836) and Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus, 1758) are remark as the most common species
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    Determination of Population Change and Damage Rate of the Harmful Codling Moth (Cydia pomonella Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in Apple Orchards in Malatya Province, Turkiye
    (Springer, 2023) Kaplan, Mehmet
    This study was carried out to determine the population change and damage rate of the harmful codling moth (Cydia pomonella Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple orchards in Malatya province, Turkiye. The field observations were made from April to October once a week between 2015 and 2016. Visual control and sexually attractive trap methods were used in the studies. As a result of the study, C. pomonella adults were first detected in sexually attractive traps in apple orchards in the last week of April and the first week of May. The adult population formed two peaks during the year, in June and August. According to the climatic conditions in the orchards where the study was carried out, it was determined that the flight period of adult butterflies of C. pomonella in nature lasted approximately 5 months (May-September) and produced two generations in both years. The last date that the adults were caught in the traps fell in the last half of September. On the other hand, the average damage rate in apple orchards by years was determined as 16.35 and 19.71% in Surgu village and 20.92 and 22.35% in ciglik village, respectively.
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    DETERMINATION OF TROPINOTA HIRTA (PODA) (COLEOPTERA: CETONIIDAE) CAUGHT IN DIFFERENT TRAPS FEEDING ON ALMOND (PRUNUS AMYGDALUS LINNAEUS) FLOWERS
    (Amer Entomol Soc, 2022) Kaplan, Mehmet
    Almond (Prunus amygdalus Linnaeus) is very beneficial for human health in terms of high oil, calcium and other mineral substances it contains. It is consumed as fresh almonds, dried nuts, and roasted almonds (with or without salt), as well as in the food industry in the confectionery, chocolate and pastry industries, almond oil, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries, and also as animal feed because its green peel contains sugar. One of the factors that negatively affect production in almond cultivation is plant protection factors. One of these factors is Tropinota hirta (Poda) (Coleoptera: Cetoniidae). In many parts of the world, it causes damage by feeding on the flowers of the trees in commercial almond orchards and is considered as an economically important pest because it causes product losses. In this study, it was carried out to determine the trapping of T. hirta, which is harmful in almond orchards in Mardin province, has an important potential and economic importance in almond production, in different types of traps. The studies were carried out in a garden with at least 100-150 trees at weekly intervals between February and May in 2018. In the experiments, funnel, basin, bucket and sticky plate-shaped pheromone and blue-colored trap types without pheromones were studied. As a result of 13 counts made in 8 different traps, 4 with pheromone and 4 without pheromone, 6,518 T. hirta were caught. In the experiments, it was determined that in terms of the number of traps of T. hirta in both pheromone and non-pheromone traps, the most in funnel-type traps, followed by washtub, water bearer and blue-colored sticky sheet traps. The first emergence of the pest into nature was the beginning of the phenological flowering of almond trees on March 01, when the daily air temperature was 8-10 degrees C on average. In the period between the second week of March and the second week of April, where the average daily temperature is between 13-15 degrees C and the average daily humidity was between 40-60% in the gardens, the population density of the pest was at maximum levels and it only fed on flowers during this period. It was determined that the population density of the pest started to decrease rapidly with the end of the flowering period and ended in the third week of May.
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    Determining of some struggle opportunities for cicada (lyristes plebejus scopoli) (hemiptera: Cicadidae) and weeds, harmful in apricot orchards in Turkey
    (Parlar Scientific Publications, 2019) Kaplan, Mehmet
    This study was carried out in the period of 2016-2017 to determine some struggle opportunities for Lyristes plebejus Scopoli and weeds which are harmful in apricot orchards of Malatya province of Turkey. By the third week of May, 35% shading nets were placed under each tree in dimensions of 6x6m². As a result, it was determined that adult L. plebejus individuals were encountered for the first time in the third week of the month of June, they were naturally present for the 55-70-day period until the last week of August, and the most frequent emergence of adult individuals was seen in the middle of July and at the beginning of August. It was observed that the nymphs that emerged out of the soil could not reach the adult stage after getting out of the traps that were set under the trees; they could not complete their biological processes and died at the locations where they emerged. The maximum number of adult per tree was 45.75 adults/tree in the year 2016, the minimum number was 29.5 adults/tree in the same year, and the maximum number was 53 adults/tree in 2017, and the minimum number was 37.75 adults/tree for the same year. © 2019 Parlar Scientific Publications. All rights reserved.
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    DETERMINING OF SOME STRUGGLE OPPORTUNITIES FOR CICADA (LYRISTES PLEBEJUS SCOPOLI) (HEMIPTERA: CICADIDAE) AND WEEDS, HARMFUL IN APRICOT ORCHARDS IN TURKEY
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2019) Kaplan, Mehmet
    This study was carried out in the period of 2016-2017 to determine some struggle opportunities for Lyristes plebejus Scopoli and weeds which are harmful in apricot orchards of Malatya province of Turkey. By the third week of May, 35% shading nets were placed under each tree in dimensions of 6x6m(2). As a result, it was determined that adult L. plebejus individuals were encountered for the first time in the third week of the month of June, they were naturally present for the 55-70-day period until the last week of August, and the most frequent emergence of adult individuals was seen in the middle of July and at the beginning of August. It was observed that the nymphs that emerged out of the soil could not reach the adult stage after getting out of the traps that were set under the trees; they could not complete their biological processes and died at the locations where they emerged. The maximum number of adult per tree was 45.75 adults/tree in the year 2016, the minimum number was 29.5 adults/tree in the same year, and the maximum number was 53 adults/tree in 2017, and the minimum number was 37.75 adults/tree for the same year.
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    Determining the Adult Population Fluctuation and Infestation Rate of European Grapevine Moth (Lobesia Botrana (Denis & Schiffermuller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)) in the Vineyards in Turkey
    (Springer, 2020) Kaplan, Mehmet
    This study has been conducted in 2014 and 2015 in vineyards in cermik district of Diyarbakir province where 'Mazruni' variety is grown commonly. Purpose of the study was to determine some control criteria of grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermuller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)) such as the first sight of adults in nature, adult population fluctuations, active period of adults in nature, number of seeds and infestation rate of the European grapevine moth (Lobesia botrana Denis & Schiffermuller (Lep.: Tortricidae)) in vineyards. Conclusion of the study was that in both years, the first flight of L. botrana adults was observed in 6-14 April and the pest had three peaks a year (5-11 May, 29 June-7 July, 11-17 August). Furthermore, it was observed that the first peak coincided with flowering period (May, 1. generation), the second occurred during unripe grape period (June and July 2. generation), and the third coincided with the beginning of sweetening period (August, 3. generation). Adult flights of L. botrana ended on 12-20 October and it was determined that it was active for seven months in nature (mid-April to late October) and it completed 3 generations per year. The infestation rate of L. botrana was determined as 12% and 15% respectively for the two years in the vineyards of Bintas village-1 while the rates were only 10% and 18% in the vineyards of Bintas village-2.
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    Determining the Awareness Levels of Vine Growers in Mardin Province with Regards to Crop-Protection Practises
    (Springer, 2021) Kaplan, Mehmet; Baran, Mehmet Firat
    This study has been conducted in 2019 with the purpose of determining the awareness levels of vine-growers in crop protection practices in Savur district of Mardin province where vine-growing is highly common. With this in mind, 5 villages have been randomly selected from each district, on the basis of simple random sampling, and data have been acquired from 75 growers in 15 villages through a 20-question questionnaire and the results have been assessed as a percentage ratio. It has been observed that vine growers are highly educated, most of them have non-agricultural income and their income level is above hunger-limit. When it comes to pesticide selection and determining pesticide dosage, vine growers receive recommendations from vendors and District Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry. Further to this, it has also been observed that brand and active substance are important factors in pesticide selection, they do not continuously use the same pesticide against the same disease and pest, they perform disinfestation before any disease or pest appears, they apply the recommended dosage, the pesticides they use leave residue on the products, they observe the waiting time between disinfestation and harvest, they use protective garment and mask during disinfestation, they dispose the empty pesticide boxes in a careful manner, they clean the disinfestation tool but they use it without any calibration, they make a mixture of the pesticides, they prefer cultural disinfestation in addition to chemical disinfestation and they are not aware of the term bio-pesticide. With regards to overcoming crop protection issues, growers generally prefer chemical weeding but careless pesticide practices bring along several adversities in terms of human and nature health.
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    DETERMINING THE CRITERION AND BIOTECHNICAL STRUGGLE METHODS AGAINST FORFICULA AURICULARIA L. (DERMAPTERA: FORFICULIDAE) HARMING IN APRICOT ORCHARDS IN TURKEY
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2019) Kaplan, Mehmet
    This study was carried out to determine the damage and to investigate biotechnical struggle methods of Forficula auricularia Lin. (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) that damage the apricot orchards of Malatya province in 2014-2016. As a result of the studies, it was determined that F. auricularia spent as adult and different nymph periods under the soil, rocks and the shells of the old trees in the apricot orchards and in the surrounding areas during the winter. Adults, eggs and nymphs of F. auricularia were first found under rocks beneath the tree bark of old trees and in various sheltered places in nature between the end of March and the third week of April. It had been determined that The density of F. auricularia has been increasing since May in the follow-ups of cardboard traps set up in trees in the apricot orchards. It was determined that F. auricularia has been fed on the fruits and formed the highest population during the period until harvest from the second week of June when the fruit began to be sweetened in observations made. Along with that, cardboard traps, pit traps and biological insecticide studies have been conducted to develop an alternative struggle against pests
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    Diyarbakır İli Bağ Alanlarındaki Örümcek (Araneae) Türlerinin Belirlenmesi.
    (Anadolu 2. Uluslararası Uygulamalı Bilimler Kongresi 26- 28 Nisan 2019, Diyarbakır, 2019-04) Kaplan; Kaplan, Mehmet
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