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Öğe Diameter and sarcomere length of skeletal muscle fibers in the tissue of the tongue during the developmental process of the sheep(2024) Kandil, BanuThe tongue plays an important role in the holding, chewing, and swallowing of food. This study was designed to determine the diameter and sarcomere length of skeletal muscle fibers in different parts of the tongue during the developmental process of sheep. For this purpose, small pieces of tissue were taken from the apex, the body, and the root parts of the tongue of sheep aged 6-12 months (G1, n:6), 1-2 years (G2, n:6), and 3-5 years (G3, n:6). Tissue samples were fixed in %10 formaldehyde solution and Crossmon's triple staining was applied to the tissue sections after routine histological processing. The diameter and sarcomere length of the skeletal muscle fibers in the tongue's apex, body, and root parts were measured. The diameter and sarcomere length of skeletal muscle fibers did not vary statistically between tongue regions in sheep in any age group (p>0.05). The sarcomere length of the skeletal muscle fibers in the apex, body, and root parts of the tongue did not change statistically with the development of the sheep (p>0.05). However, the diameter of skeletal muscle fibers at the apex and body parts of the tongue was statistically higher in G3 compared to G1 and G2, and the diameter of skeletal muscle fibers at the root part of the tongue was statistically higher in G3 compared to G1 (p<0.05). As a result, sarcomere length did not change throughout the development of the sheep, but skeletal muscle fiber diameter increased. Furthermore, skeletal muscle fiber diameter and sarcomere length did not vary between regions of the tongue.Öğe Evaluation of Placentome Morphology in the Last Two Periods of Pregnancy in Hair Goats (Capra aegagrus hircus)(Wiley, 2024) Isbilir, Fatma; Kandil, Banu; Isbilir, Ihsan; Koca, Davut; Guzel, Baris CanThis study was carried out on pregnant uteruses obtained from healthy Hair goats (Capra aegagrus hircus). A total of thirteen pregnant uteruses, six second and seven third trimesters, were used. Morphometrically, placentome numbers, lengths, widths and depths were measured. Randomly selected placentomes from the second and third trimesters were stained with the triple staining method. Caruncular and cotyledonary areas, capillary numbers and areas were measured using Qupath v0.5.0 software. The Minitab (version 21.4.1) was used for statistical analysis. While no statistical difference was observed in the number of placentomes between trimesters (p > 0.05), placentome length, width and depth were higher in the third trimester compared to the second trimester (p < 0.001). No difference was observed in the number of caruncular and cotyledonary capillaries in the second trimester. In the second trimester, the caruncular capillary area was higher than the cotyledonary capillary area (p < 0.05). Both caruncular and cotyledonary capillary area parameters were higher in the third trimester than in the second trimester (p < 0.001). In the third trimester, the caruncular capillary area was higher than the cotyledonary capillary area (p < 0.001). The number of caruncular capillaries and cotyledonary capillaries was statistically significantly higher in the third trimester compared to the second trimester. In addition, the number of cotyledonary capillaries was higher than that of caruncular capillaries in the third trimester (p < 0.001). A positive and significant correlation was found between the day of pregnancy and the number of placentomes in the second trimester (p < 0.05). No correlation was observed between the day of pregnancy and the number of placentomes in the third trimester. Vascular area density showed a faster development in foetal tissue than in maternal tissue. Placentome size and angiogenesis increased with the progression of pregnancy.Öğe Immunohistochemical localization and expression of heat shock proteins (HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90) during the oestrous cycle, pregnancy, and lactation in rat ovaries(Elsevier Gmbh, 2024) Kandil, Banu; Kurtdede, Nevin; Bayraktaroglu, Alev GuerolThis study aimed to determine the expressions of HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 in rat ovaries during the oestrous cycle, pregnancy, and lactation. In follicle cells, HSP27 and HSP70 expression was not observed. HSP60 in oocytes was higher in the early stages of follicular development but decreased and disappeared as the follicle grew. HSP60 in granulosa and theca cells increased with follicle development and decreased with atresia. HSP90 in follicle cells did not change during follicle development or atresia. The expression of HSPs in interstitial cells was higher in the proestrus and estrus phases of the estrous cycle. The expression of HSPs in these cells was higher on day 5 of pregnancy, decreased on day 10, and decreased further on days 15 and 20. The expression of HSPs, which decreased in the second half of pregnancy, increased again on the first day of lactation. The expression of HSPs then decreased on day 5 of lactation and further decreased on days 10 and 20. HSP60 and HSP90 were positive in new and old corpus luteums (CLs) and their expression did not change during luteal development or regression. HSP27 and HSP70 were absent in new CLs. HSP27 was positive in old CLs and showed the same staining pattern during luteal regression. HSP70 expression was determined in old cyclic CLs during the oestrous cycle and pregnancy and decreased with luteal regression. HSP70 expression in old pregnancy CLs during lactation was very weak compared to the oestrous cycle and pregnancy. In conclusion, HSP60 and HSP90 may participate in folliculogenesis, luteal development, and steroidogenesis in luteal cells, and HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 may be effective in luteal regression and steroidogenesis in interstitial cells. HSP27 and HSP70 may be used as markers to identify old CLs in rats.Öğe Induction of Heat Shock Proteins 27, 60, 70, and 90 in the Cerebellum of Rats After Hyperthermia During Postnatal Development(Oxford Univ Press, 2024) Kandil, Banu; Bayraktaroglu, Alev GurolHeat shock proteins (HSPs) are induced in response to stressful stimuli and play an important role in cell repair and protection. This study, using immunohistochemistry, aimed to determine whether HSPs are induced in the cerebellum of rats subjected to hyperthermia during postnatal development (PND). The results showed that unlike HSP27 and HSP70, HSP60 and HSP90 were constitutively expressed in the cerebellum of rats. However, hyperthermia induced HSP27 in the white matter (WM) and HSP70 in the Bergmann glial cells, the internal granule layer (IGL), and the WM. In the WM, HSP27 induction was only observed on days PND20, PND25, and PND30, and HSP27 expression was higher on day PND30 compared with days PND20 and PND25 (p < 0.001). In the Bergmann glial cells, HSP70 induction was only observed on days PND5, PND10, and PND20, and HSP70 expression was greater on days PND5 and PND10 compared with day PND20 (p < 0.001). In the IGL and the WM, HSP70 expression was higher on days PND20, PND25, and PND30 compared with days PND5 and PND10 (p < 0.001). These findings indicate that unlike HSP60 and HSP90, HSP27 and HSP70 have different expression patterns in the cerebellum of rats after hyperthermia during PND.Öğe Kuru Dinlendirme İşleminin Akkaraman Irkı Erkek Kuzuların Longissimus Thoracis ve Longissimus Lumborum Kaslarının Sarkomer Yapısı Üzerine Etkisi(2018) Kahraman, Hatice Ahu; Kandil, Banu; Tekdemir, İlknur; Sur, Emrah; Gürbüz, ÜmitAmaç: Araştırmada, Akkaraman ırkı erkek kuzuların longissimus thoracis (LT) ve longissimus lumborum (LL) kaslarından elde edilen etlere, 14 gün süre ile kuru dinlendirme yöntemi uygulanarak dinlendirme periyodu boyunca sarkomer uzunluklarında meydana gelen değişikliklerin belirlenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Materyal olarak, 11 aylık 6 adet Akkaraman ırkı erkek kuzunun longissimus thoracis ve longissimus lumborum kaslarından elde edilen etler kullanılmıştır. Kuru dinlendirme uygulaması için etler, +1°C'de, % 85 rutubet ve 0,2-0,5m/sn hava akımı olan soğutma dolabında 14 gün boyunca dinlenmeye bırakılmıştır. Dinlendirme işleminin, başlangıç (0), 7 ve 14. günlerinde alınan örnekler, rutin histolojik takip işlemlerinden sonra Crossmon'ın üçlü boyama yöntemiyle boyanıp sarkomer uzunlukları ölçülmüştür. Preparatlar ışık mikroskobu (Leica DM 250) ile değerlendirilmiş ve gerekli bölgelerin görüntüleri kamera ile dijital ortamda kaydedilmiştir. Bulgular: Kuru dinlendirme işlemine tabi tutulan LT ve LL kas gruplarının, dinlendirme periyodu boyunca sarkomer uzunluklarının 1,71- 1,87µm arasında değişim gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. LT kaslarının sarkomer uzunluklarının 7. güne kadar artış gösterip, sonrasında sabit kaldığı, LL kas grubundaki artışın ise 14. güne kadar sürdüğü belirlenmiştir. Aynı zamanda, 14 günlük süre zarfında LL kaslarında ölçülen ortalama sarkomer uzunluklarının LT kaslarına kıyasla daha uzun olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dinlendirme periyodu boyunca ölçülen ortalama sarkomer uzunluklarındaki değişimler ile LT ve LL kas grupları arasındaki farklılıkların istatistiksel açıdan önemli olduğu görülmüştür (p<0.05). Öneri: Elde ettiğimiz sonuçlar kuru dinlendirme işleminin Akkaraman ırkı erkek koyunların LL ve LT kaslarının sarkomer uzunlukları üzerine önemli düzeyde etkileri olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu sebeple farklı kas gruplarının sarkomer uzunluklarının bilinmesinin, kas grupları arasındaki gevreklik farklılıklarının ortaya konması ve daha gevrek etler elde edilebilmesi açısından önem taşıdığı düşünülmektedir.Öğe Morphological structure of rat tongue using light and scanning electron microscopy(Wiley, 2023) Demirci, Beste; Kandil, Banu; Yuksel, Suleyman; Gultiken, Murat ErdemThe rat is one of the most commonly used animals in biological research and experimental investigations in medicine. The ultrafine structural components of the epithelium differ depending on the anatomy of the animal and the papilla type. Animal adaptation to food types and environmental circumstances may also be linked to morphological diversity. In the current study, seven male Wistar rat tongues were investigated. For scanning electron microscope (SEM), two rat tongues were immersed in a 10% formalin solution and the other two rat tongues were immersed in a 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution. The tongues of three rats were fixed for regular histological evaluation using triple staining. The three primary components of the Wistar rat tongue are the apex, body and root. The apex had a rounded and bifurcated shape. Filiform papillae and gustatory papillae were easily identified on the dorsal side of the tongue. There were three forms of gustatory papillae; fungiform papillae, vallate papillae and foliate papillae. The purpose of this study was to expose the tongue morphology of the Wistar rat species, which is widely used in investigations. Also, we wanted to show that formalin fixation can be utilized for morphological research in SEM. Finally, the Wistar rat tongue was thoroughly investigated and compared to those of other species.Öğe The light microscopic investigation of the effects of in-ovo administered bisphenol A (BPA) on the development of testes(Ankara Univ Press, 2018) Kandil, Banu; Sur, EmrahThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of BPA on testes development in chicken embryos For this purpose, 310 fertile eggs of Isa Brown laying parent stock were divided into five groups as control, vehicle-control, 50,100, and 250 mu g/egg BPA. Test solutions were injected into the yolk before incubation At the 13(th), 18(th) and 21(st) days of incubation, the eggs were opened until six living male embryos were obtained from each group. Tissue samples were fixed in 10% buffered formalin (pH 7.4) After routine histological processes, tissue samples were embedded in paraffin. Six mu m thickness sections were stained with the Crossmon's trichrome method. All histological evaluation and histometrical measurements were performed on the left testes. On the 13(th), 18th and 21(st) days of the incubation, the groups that were treated with BPA showed growth retardation in testicular tissues, fewer cell cords and poorly cellular organization. At 21 days of the incubation, there were a significant decrease in the mean diameter of the seminiferous tubule in all experimental groups compared to control groups (p < 0.05). The increase in mean cortical thickness was observed in the BPA treated groups compared to the control groups (p < 0.05). The mean testes surface area was higher at 50 mu g/egg and 100 mu g/egg BPA treated groups compared to the control groups and at 250 mu g/egg BPA administered group (p < 0.05). In 50 and 100 mu g/egg BPA treated chicken embryos, BPA triggered ovo-testis formation by characterizing thickened cortex containing oocyte-like cell clusters whereas BPA had toxic effects at 250 mu g/egg. It was concluded that BPA can induce both estrogen-like and toxic effects in the developing testes of chicken embryos in a dose-dependent manner.
