Yazar "Kamran, Muhammad" seçeneğine göre listele

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    Interactive effects of reduced irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on resource use efficiency, forage nutritive quality, yield, and economic benefits of spring wheat in the arid region of Northwest China
    (Elsevier, 2023) Kamran, Muhammad; Yan, Zhengang; Chang, Shenghua; Ning, Jiao; Lou, Shanning; Ahmad, Irshad; Ghani, Muhammad Usman
    In arid regions, supplemental irrigation and fertilization are the major driving factors for sustaining crop pro-duction. With the increasing water scarcity, rising fertilizer costs, and growing environmental concerns, iden-tifying appropriate irrigation and nitrogen (N) amounts for simultaneously improving resource use efficiency and yield benefits is essential for sustainable crop production in arid regions. A two-year field study was conducted in the arid region of Northwest China to evaluate the effects of reduced irrigation and N treatments, including W80F75 (600 mm irrigation and 225 kg N ha- 1), W80F50 (600 mm irrigation and 150 kg N ha -1), W60F75 (450 mm irrigation and 225 kg N ha -1), and W60F50 (450 mm irrigation and 150 kg N ha -1) on resource use efficiency, forage yield (DM), forage nutritive values, grain yield, and economic benefit of spring wheat in comparison with the farmers' management practice (W100F100, 750 mm irrigation and 300 kg N ha -1). Results indicated that moderately reduced irrigation and N (W80F75) significantly improved the forage nutritive quality, evident by high crude protein yield, relative feed value, digestible dry matter, dry matter intake, total digestible nutrients, and net energy for lactation. No significant difference in DM yield was observed between W100F100 and W80F75 treatments during both years. However, the grain yield for W80F75 treatment was 12.9 % greater than that of W100F100 in 2015. In addition, W80F75 treatment increased the resource use efficiency, net returns, and cost-befit ratios by reducing the input amounts while maintaining comparable yields to that of W100F100. However, the W80F50, W60F75, and W60F50 treatments significantly decreased the DM, grain yield, nutritive values, resource efficiency and economic benefits of spring wheat compared to W80F75. Therefore, the application of 600 mm irrigation and 225 kg N ha- 1 to spring wheat is an appropriate management practice for reducing inputs while achieving high resource use efficiency, forage quality and economic benefits without compromising the yield of spring wheat in the arid region of Northwest China.
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    Pre-sowing seed treatment with kinetin and calcium mitigates salt induced inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth of choysum (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis)
    (Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2021) Kamran, Muhammad; Wang, Dan; Xie, Kaizhi; Lu, Yusheng; Shi, Chaohong; EL Sabagh, Ayman; Gu, Wenjie
    In recent years, improving plants' resistance towards abiotic stresses with exogenous application of plant growth regulators and nutrients has emerged as a matter of great interest. The present study assessed the potential roles of kinetin (Kn, 0.2 mM) and calcium (Ca, 2 mM) in mitigating the salt (200 mM NaCl) induced inhibitory effects on seed germination and growth of choysum seedlings. The results indicated that NaCl stress significantly reduced the seed germination percentage (42.6%), germination potential (42.0%), germination index (52.1%), seedling vigor index (65.2%), and declined the fresh weight (43.8%), dry weight (52.2%), radicle length (37.2%), and plumule length (41.2%) of germinated seeds, compared to control treatment. The delayed germination and decrease in seedling growth were positively correlated with salinity-induced hormonal imbalance, ion toxicity, and oxidative stress. However, Kn and Ca pretreatment partially mitigated the adverse effects of NaCl stress, evident by early germination and enhanced seedling growth. Kn and Ca effectively increased the accumulation of proline, soluble protein, and soluble sugars, and upregulated the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase that significantly reduced the production of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anions in germinating seeds, thereby minimizing the NaCl-induced oxidative damages. Moreover, Kn and Ca pretreatment counteracted the NaCl-induced ionic toxicity by decreasing Na+ and increasing K+ contents and maintained a balanced Na+/K+ ratio in radicles and plumules of choysum seeds. Additionally, Kn and Ca under NaCl stress enhanced hormonal regulation by decreasing the ABA levels with a concomitant increase of GAs (especially GA(4)) levels and promoted early germination. Remarkably, the co-application of Kn and Ca was most effective by completely counteracting the inhibitory effects of NaCl and maintaining seed germination kinetics, seedling growth, and biochemical parameters almost similar to that in the stress-free control treatment. These results demonstrate that supplementation of Kn and Ca on choysum seeds is an effective chemical strategy regulating the various physiological and biochemical responses that would result in better germination and growth of seeds under stress conditions.