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    Morphological, Physiobiochemical and Molecular Adaptability of Legumes of Fabaceae to Drought Stress, with Special Reference to Medicago Sativa L
    (Springer Singapore, 2020) Hossain, Akbar; Farooq, Muhammad; Sabagh, Ayman El; Hasanuzzaman, Mirza; Erman, Murat; Islam, Tofazzal
    Drought stress (DS) is one of the most hostile limitations for sustainable crop production. Developing DS-tolerant crop cultivars and the use of better crop management practices may help improve crop performance under drought. In this chapter, the adverse effect of drought on the growth and development of legumes and the morphological, physiobiochemical, and molecular basis of adaptability to drought are described. Under drought, overproduction of reactive oxygen species causes oxidative damage. The role of osmolytes and antioxidants in countering the oxidative damages has been widely described. Moreover, “omics-based approaches, ” such as proteomics, metabolomics–transcriptomics, and genomics are promissory approaches to identify drought-tolerant genes, decode complex gene networks, and numerous signaling cascades involved in drought tolerance in legumes. The recently developed CRISPR-Cas technology has already been used in precision breeding of many plants including the members of Fabaceae such as alfalfa is also discussed in the chapter. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.
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    Nutrient Management for Improving Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Legumes of the Family Fabaceae
    (Springer Singapore, 2020) Hossain, Akbar; Sabagh, Ayman El; Erman, Murat; Fahad, Shah; Islam, Tofazzal; Bhatt, Rajan; Hasanuzzaman, Mirza
    Grain legumes are rich in carbohydrate, protein, vitamin, mineral, fiber, and essential amino acids. Besides, legumes play a vital role in fixing atmospheric nitrogen (N) which ultimately improves soil fertility through the symbiotic process. However, in the changing climate, the sustainability of grain legumes production is vulnerable due to the extreme events of abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, heat stress, and heavy metals. These abiotic stresses are linked with the physiological, biochemical, and morphological changes that prevent the full genetic potential productivity of the legume crops. Plants need an ample amount of mineral nutrients (micro-and macronutrients) in each stage of the development to achieve maximum yield. Among these mineral nutrients, macronutrients, particularly N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and micronutrients particularly iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), silicon (Si), and selenium (Se) involve in several physiological, biochemical, and morphological processes in plants. These nutrient elements also play a vital role in increasing plant resistance to environmental stresses. An adequate balance of nutrient supply is needed for each stage of the development and to achieve maximum yield potential of legume crops. While imbalanced use of mineral nutrients may result in negative impacts on environmental and also increase the cost of production. Therefore, adequate balanced mineral nutrient management is necessary for the sustainable production of legume crops under the changing climate. This chapter described the negative impacts of abiotic stresses on legumes under the family Fabaceae and also highlighted the essential roles of balanced mineral nutrients in each developmental phage of plants for attaining maximum yield even under the abiotic stressful environment. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.