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    DETERMINING THE GENE ACTION AND COMBINING ABILITY OF F2 BREAD WHEAT BY DIALLEL ANALYSIS
    (Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2024) Darwish, Mohamed. a.; Ghareeb, Zeinab e.; Iqbal, Muhammad aamir; Al-ashkar, Ibrahim; Islam, Mohammad sohidul; EL Sabagh, Ayman
    For ensuring the food security under changing climate and decreasing agricultural land area, genetic improvement of yield-related traits is the prerequisite for developing newer, better-performing varieties of bread wheat. Therefore, a study was conducted at the Sakha Agricultural Research Station Farm, Egypt, for investigating the ability and nature of gene action with the mode of inheritance for the grain yield and its component traits in F2 bread wheat for identifying the superior genotypes for three consecutive seasons. An experiment was conducted to test ten parent genotypes of bread wheat along with their half-diallel hybrids (45 F2 segregating populations) using the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The results revealed that general combining ability (GCA) as well as specific combining ability (SCA) had significant differences for most of the traits under study. In addition, Baker's ratio confirmed the superior role of additive gene effect in controlling yield traits of wheat. Moreover, the GT-biplot data analysis and GCA effects (& gcirc;) illustrated that the Vorobey (P3), Giza 171 (P10), Line1 (P1), and Line 7 (P9) had the highest values for the yield traits. Likewise, F2 hybrids [Line 1 (P1) x Line 5 (P6), Line 2 (P2) x Vorobey (P3), and Line 1 (P1) x Gemmeiza 11 (P7)] remained superior for the yield contributing traits. Furthermore, the estimation of GCA incorporating the additive component (D) underscored the significance of additive gene effects more than the SCA incorporating dominance (H1) for the traits under investigation. Lastly, the graphical analysis of Wr/Vr with (H1/D)0.05 pointed that the plant height, kernels number per spike and 100-kernel weight along with grain yield in F2 tend to be determined by additive gene effect through partial dominance.
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    EXPLOITATION OF HETEROTIC EFFECTS IN F1 1 HYBRIDS FOR PROMOTING EARLINESS, YIELD COMPONENTS, AND FIBER QUALITY OF UPLAND COTTON ( GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) GENOTYPES
    (Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2024) Dirbas, Jamila; Ijaz, Raina; Iqbal, Muhammad aamir; Islam, Mohammad sohidul; Al-ashkar, Ibrahim; Ditta, Allah; Melad, Neama m. k.
    Cotton is an often-pollinated crop and can be manipulated by exploiting heterosis achieved from different crosses among cotton genotypes for boosting lint yield and quality traits. The development of a new short-duration varieties having high yield and superior fiber quality are direly needed for sustainable supplies of lint to local textile industry. For this purpose, 12 parents and their half-diallel hybrids were sown at Hama Center for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria during the summer of 2019 and 2020 to study the heterotic effects for the traits (earliness, yield, and fiber quality). The analysis of variance (mean squares) showed highly significant differences of the genetic variability among genotypes for all characteristics under investigation. Likewise, estimation of relative heterosis (MP), heterobeltiosis (HP), and standard heterosis (SC) showed significant superiority of some hybrids for all characteristics. The highest number of hybrids with significant heterosis was observed for earliness index (E %) and fiber elongation (FE), while the lowest was observed for fiber fineness (FF). Hybrids, Fantum x Coker 139, NIAB 414 x Deir ELzour 22, Coker 139 x NIAB 414, and Coker 139 x Raqqa 5 exhibited desirable heterosis for most of the traits under study. Thus, these cross combinations may become potent candidates for future hybridization programs in order to exploit heterosis for boosting the seed cotton yield (SCY), earliness and fiber quality traits by developing new varieties.