Yazar "Iqbal, Muhammad" seçeneğine göre listele

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    Characterization of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) accessions using morpho-physiological traits under varying levels of salinity stress at seedling stage
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2022) Ahmed, Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din; Zeng, Yawen; Raza, Humayun; Muhammad, Dur; Iqbal, Muhammad; Uzair, Muhammad; Khan, Mueen Alam
    Abiotic stresses are the major stressors affecting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production worldwide. The world population is increasing continuously. It is very difficult to feed the population because one-third world's population consumes wheat as a staple food. Among all abiotic stresses, salinity is one that led to a drastic reduction in wheat crop fitness and productivity. Thus, understanding the effects of salinity stress becomes indispensable for wheat improvement programs which have depended mainly on the genetic variations present in the wheat genome through conventional breeding. Therefore, an experiment was conducted using a complete randomized design with four replications, to determine the selection criteria for salinity-tolerant germplasm based on morphophysiological traits at the seedling stage. Three levels of salt solutions, i.e., 4, 8, and 12 dSm(-1) were applied and the performance of different genotypes under these three salinities levels was observed. Results depicted that leaf water content and relative water content were correlated with each other. Notably, selection based on these traits increased the performance of other characters. The genotypes G11, G13, G18, G22, and G36 performed best in the salinity stress. So, these genotypes are considered salinity-tolerant genotypes. The genotypes G4, G17, G19, G30, and G38 performed worst in the stress and these were salinity-susceptible genotypes. From the results of the principal component (PC) analysis, the first five PCs were indicated to have a substantial genetic variation from the total of 14 PCs. These PCs showed 75, 73, 65.324, and 65.162% of total variation under normal, salinity level 4, 8, and 12 dSm(-1), respectively. Stomatal conductance, fresh shoot weight and fresh root weight, and dry shoot weight and dry root weight were not significant and negatively associated with all other traits studied, except for relative water and leaf water content. Overall, the results suggested that selection based on leaf water content and relative water content at the seedling stage would genetically improve salinity tolerance. Genotypes with good performance under salt stress conditions may be useful in future breeding programs and will be effective in developing high-yielding salt-tolerant wheat varieties.
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    Öğe
    Foliar application of silicon-based nanoparticles improve the adaptability of maize (Zea mays L.) in cadmium contaminated soils
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Ahmed, Sarfraz; Iqbal, Muhammad; Ahmad, Zahoor; Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir; Artyszak, Arkadiusz; Sabagh, Ayman E. L.; Alharby, Hesham F.
    Heavy metals (HMs) especially cadmium (Cd) absorbed by the roots of crop plants like maize have emerged as one of the most serious threats by causing stunted plant growth along with disturbing the photosynthetic machinery and nutrient homeostasis process. A trial was conducted for inducing Cd stress tolerance in maize by exogenous application of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) using five doses of SiNPs (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 ppm) and three levels of Cd (0, 15, and 30 ppm) for maize hybrid (SF-9515). The response variables included morphological traits and biochemical parameters of maize. The results indicated that Cd level of 30 ppm remained the most drastic for maize plants by recording the minimum traits such as shoot length (39.35 cm), shoot fresh weight (9.52 g) and shoot dry weight (3.20 g), leaf pigments such as chlorophyll a (0.55 mg/g FW), chlorophyll b (0.27 mg/g FW), total contents (0.84 mg/g FW), and carotenoid contents (0.19 mu g/g FW). Additionally, the same Cd level disrupted biochemical traits such as TSP (4.85 mg/g FW), TP (252.94 nmol/g FW), TSAA (18.92 mu mol g(-1) FW), TSS (0.85 mg/g FW), and antioxidant activities such as POD (99.39 min(-1) g(-1) FW), CAT (81.58 min(-1) g(-1) FW), APX (2.04 min(-1) g(-1) FW), and SOD (172.79 min(-1) g(-1) FW). However, a higher level of Cd resulted in greater root length (87.63 cm), root fresh weight (16.43 g), and root dry weight (6.14 g) along with higher Cd concentration in the root (2.52 mu g/g(-1)) and shoot (0.48 mu g/g(-1)). The silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) treatment significantly increased all measured attributes of maize. The highest value was noted of all the parameters such as chlorophyll a (0.91 mg/g FW), chlorophyll b (0.57 mg/g FW), total chlorophyll contents (1.48 mg/g FW), total carotenoid contents (0.40 mu g/g FW), TSP (6.12 mg/g FW), TP (384.56 nmol/g FW), TSAA (24.64 mu mol g(-1) FW), TSS (1.87 mg/g FW), POD (166.10 min(-1) g(-1) FW), CAT (149.54 min(-1) g(-1) FW), APX (3.49 min(-1) g(-1) FW), and SOD (225.57 min(-1) g(-1) FW). Based on recorded findings, it might be inferred that higher levels of Cd tend to drastically reduce morpho-physiological traits of maize and foliage-applied silver nanoparticles hold the potential to ameliorate the adverse effect of Cd stress on maize.
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    Öğe
    Pattern Formation and analysis of reaction-diffusion ratio-dependent prey-predator model with harvesting in predator
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Ahmed, Nauman; Yasin, Muhammad Waqas; Baleanu, Dumitru; Tintareanu-Mircea, Ovidiu; Iqbal, Muhammad; Akgul, Ali
    A significant degree of complexity to the conventional ecological dynamic is added by studying prey-predator models with harvesting predators. The primary focus of classical models is the link between prey and predator populations, emphasizing their fundamental relationships and biological roles. A complex interaction between biological processes is shown when predator harvesting is combined with prey-predator models. This presents both opportunities and challenges for sustainable resource management. These models help the community to understand how much one can harvest without wiping out the predators or disturbing the balance of the ecosystem. In this study, spatially extended reaction-diffusion prey-predator dynamics with harvesting in predator is analyzed. The unconditionally positivity preserving scheme is applied for the numerical results. Pattern formation in the spatially extended system is also obtained. Various types of patterns like spots, stripes, and holes are observed by using extensive numerical simulations with various parameters. The numerical technique is unconditionally stable, dynamically consistent with the underlying model, preserves the positivity, has bounded behavior, and preserves the all true properties of the continuous model. The underlying model has two equilibrium points and both are successfully obtained with positive behavior for the whole domain. All the theoretical results are verified through the numerical simulations.