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Öğe Advances in Input Management for Food and Environmental Security(wiley, 2022) Sabagh, Ayman E. L.; Islam, Mohammad Sohidul; Hossain, Akbar; Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir; Habib-ur-Rahman, Muhammad; Mansour, Fatma; Wasaya, AllahAchieving food security while protecting the environment in the context of future global climate changes is a great challenge to the sustainability of modern agricultural systems. Food production is likely to maintain priority over environmental protection. In modern agriculture, input management is very crucial for sustaining future food security and environmental protection which might be achieved by the integration of land, pest, disease, nutrient, and other resource management practices. This chapter focuses on the potential of next-generation input management techniques for safer food production and environmental protection. The possible impacts of next-generation input management techniques for safer and nutritious food production without environmental degradation as along with other vital dimensions of food security have been discussed. Additionally, next-generation input assessment studies, possible integration of different techniques, and approaches for food and environment security have been objectively described. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.Öğe Assessing impact of thermal units on growth and development of mustard varieties grown under optimum sown conditions(Assoc Agrometerologists, 2019) Islam, M. R.; Alam, M. A.; Kamal, Mohd Mostofa; Zaman, R.; Hossain, Akbar; Alharby, H.; Bamagoos, A.Thermal unit indices have a strong correlation with the phenology, growth and yield of crops and can be effectively used to select suitable crop cultivars for specific environmental conditions especially temperature. In this study, four mustard varieties (viz., 'BARI Sharisha-14', 'BARI Sharisha-15', 'BARI Sharisha-16' and 'Tori-7') were grown in two consecutive growing to assess the impact of thermal unit indices on crop growth and development, and to select the suitable variety for better yield under optimum sowing condition. Thermal unit indices viz., growing degree-day (GDD), helio-thermal units (HTU), phenothermal index (PTI) and heat use efficiency (HUE) were estimated from daily temperature and sunshine hours. Role of GDD on different growth indicators and seed yield (SY) were estimated through association and dependence of the traits. Significant variations in studied genotypes were observed for different traits. Among the studied varieties, 'BARI Sharisha-16' produced higher dry matter and seed yields (1.82 t ha(-1)) while accumulated maximum GDD at different growth stages. A strong positive association was obtained between GDD and the studied traits. Thermal unit indices had a strong influence in attaining different phenophases and other growth indicators. Therefore, results suggest that those indices could be used for growth prediction; further 'BARI Sharisha-16' is expected to use heat energy more efficiently for increasing the seed yields which indicated that the crop can perform better under global warming scenarios.Öğe Consequences and Mitigation Strategies of Abiotic Stresses in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under the Changing Climate(Mdpi, 2021) Hossain, Akbar; Skalicky, Milan; Brestic, Marian; Maitra, Sagar; Ashraful Alam, M.; Syed, M. Abu; Hossain, JamilWheat is one of the world's most commonly consumed cereal grains. During abiotic stresses, the physiological and biochemical alterations in the cells reduce growth and development of plants that ultimately decrease the yield of wheat. Therefore, novel approaches are needed for sustainable wheat production under the changing climate to ensure food and nutritional security of the ever-increasing population of the world. There are two ways to alleviate the adverse effects of abiotic stresses in sustainable wheat production. These are (i) development of abiotic stress tolerant wheat cultivars by molecular breeding, speed breeding, genetic engineering, and/or gene editing approaches such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas toolkit, and (ii) application of improved agronomic, nano-based agricultural technology, and other climate-smart agricultural technologies. The development of stress-tolerant wheat cultivars by mobilizing global biodiversity and using molecular breeding, speed breeding, genetic engineering, and/or gene editing approaches such as CRISPR-Cas toolkit is considered the most promising ways for sustainable wheat production in the changing climate in major wheat-growing regions of the world. This comprehensive review updates the adverse effects of major abiotic stresses and discusses the potentials of some novel approaches such as molecular breeding, biotechnology and genetic-engineering, speed breeding, nanotechnology, and improved agronomic practices for sustainable wheat production in the changing climate.Öğe Consequences of Salinity Stress on the Quality of Crops and Its Mitigation Strategies for Sustainable Crop Production: An Outlook of Arid and Semi-arid Regions(Springer International Publishing, 2020) El Sabagh, Ayman; Hossain, Akbar; Barutçular, Celaleddin; Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir; Islam, M. Sohidul; Fahad, Shah; Sytar, OksanaOne of the key tasks of the Sustainable Development Goals connected to Agriculture, Safety and nutritional quality of food is to raise crop production per unit area without compromising the sustainability of agricultural resources and environmental security. Along with environmental constraints, soil salinization has become one of the major threats that restricts agricultural potential and is closely related to mishandling of agricultural resources and overexploitation of water resources, particularly in arid regions. The effect of salinity on the quality of various agricultural crops has not yet been much explored. Presently, this information is very important due to the increasing use of saline water for irrigation worldwide which has given rise to as soil salinity has become a critical around the world and the situation has been worsening over the last 20 years in arid and semi-arid regions particularly in Mediterranean area. Salinity stress significantly affect the nutritional properties and quality traits of crops due to physiological and biochemical alterations in plants at different growth stage. During salinity stress, plants tend to activate different physiological and biochemical mechanisms to cope with the stress through altering their morphology, anatomy, water relations, photosynthesis, protein synthesis, primary and secondary metabolism and biochemical adaptations such as the antioxidative metabolism response. Therefore, it is important for breeders and producers to understand the influence of salinity on the composition of crops, for improvement of protein and oil quality (amino and fatty acid) under the salinity conditions. The aims of present review is to quantify the adverse effects of salinity on quality parameters of crops and management approaches for ameliorating the adverse effects of salinity stress to enhance the yield and grain quality of crops. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020.Öğe Enhancing Drought Tolerance in Wheat through Improving Morpho-Physiological and Antioxidants Activities of Plants by the Supplementation of Foliar Silicon(Tech Science Press, 2020) Ahmad, Zahoor; Waraich, Ejaz Ahmad; Barutcular, Celaleddin; Hossain, Akbar; Erman, Murat; Cig, Fatih; Gharib, HanyThe main objective of the research is to assess the role of foliar application of silicon (Si) for enhancing the survival ability of wheat under drought stress through improving its morphology, physicochemical and antioxidants activities. Treatments were five doses of Si at the rate of 2, 4, 6 and 8 mM and a control. After completion of seeds germination, pots were divided into four distinct groups at various field capacity (FC) levels, such as 100% FC (well-irrigated condition), 75% FC (slight water deficit), 50% FC (modest water deficit) and 25% FC (severe water deficit stress condition). Foliar application of Si at the rate of 2, 4, 6 and 8 mM and a control were given after 30 days of sowing at the tillering stage of wheat. Findings of the present investigation indicated that increasing the level of water deficit stress reduced the morphological parameters (such as root and shoot fresh and dry-biomass weight) and physico-biochemical events ((such as chlorophyll contents by estimating SPAD value), total free amino acid (TFAA), total soluble sugar (TSS), total soluble protein (TSP), total proline (TP), CAT (catalase), POD (peroxidase), SOD (superoxide dismutase) and APX (ascorbate peroxidase)) of wheat; while foliar application of Si at 6 mM at tillering stage enhanced the drought tolerance in wheat by increasing morphology and physiochemical characters under all levels of drought stress. Similarly, antioxidants activities in wheat also enhanced by the application of Si at 6 mM under normal as well as all drought stress levels. Therefore, it may be concluded that foliar application of Si at 6 mM at the tillering stage of wheat is an important indication for increasing the drought tolerance by improving the morphology, physico-biochemical and antioxidants activities in plants under deficit water (drought) conditions.Öğe Environmental Upheaval: Consequences and Management Strategies(CRC Press, 2022) Naz, Misbah; Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir; Islam, Mohammad Sohidul; Hossain, Akbar; Danish, Subhan; Datta, Rahul; Fahad, Shah[No abstract available]Öğe EVALUATING SHORT STATURE AND HIGH YIELDING MAIZE HYBRIDS IN MULTIPLE ENVIRONMENTS USING GGE BIPLOT AND AMMI MODELS(Soc Field Crop Sci, 2020) Ahmed, Asgar; Hossain, Akbar; Amiruzzaman, Md; Alam, Md Ashraful; Farooq, Muhammad; El Sabagh, Ayman; Kizilgeci, FerhatIn Bangladesh, maize stands second place after rice; since it faces diverse natural calamities during its highest growing season (rabi/winter), particularly strong storm during the reproductive stage. Sometimes in some regions, this crop is completely damaged by natural disasters. Considering the burning issue, thirteen hybrids, including 10 previously selected short stature hybrids were evaluated against three local and standard checks: 'BHM-9', '981' and 'Sunshine' in two consecutive years in seven locations of Bangladesh. Combined analysis over locations and seasons instigated that genotypes 'Sunshine', '981' and 'G10' were the top-high yielders, while genotypes 'G1', 'G2', 'BHM-9' and 'Sunshine' were found the most stable. On the other hand, five genotypes such as 'G3', 'G4', 'G6', 'G8' and 'G9' had the below-average mean yield and the genotypes 'G6' and 'G9' were the most unstable. Among the seven environments, Jamalpur, Joydebpur and Dinajpur were most discriminating and Ishwardi was the least discriminating; whereas Joydebpur was more representative and Borishal was the least representative of other test environments. In the case of plant and ear height, most of the genotypes showed a lower value than all the checks, which was desirable. But among the top three high yielders, local cross-genotype, the 'G10' had the lowest and more stable value for both plant height and ear height. Therefore, considering the plant and ear height, grain yield, and yield stability, the genotype 'G10' has been recommended for release as commercial variety and has been released as new maize variety in Bangladesh with the local name of 'BARI Hybrid Maize-16' (BHM-16).Öğe Insights into Potential Roles of Plantsas Natural Radioprotectants and Amelioration of Radiations Induced Harmful Impacts on Human Health(Springer Nature, 2022) Naz, Misbah; Shah, Tariq; Battaglia, Martin; Islam, Mohammad Sohidul; Hossain, Akbar; Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir; Ihsan, Muhammad ZahidRadiations have a significant impact on many physiological, biochemical and molecular processes in plants, animals, and humans. Several studies have revealed the beneficial and adverse effects of radiation on human health. The radiation tolerance potential of plants can be used to protect humans from different harmful radiations. However, the underlying mechanisms that enable plants as radioprotectants remain unclear. Therefore, this chapter summarizes findings related to the detrimental effects of electromagnetic radiation on human health and the potential role of plants in mitigating the adverse effects of radiation. There is a dire need to increase our understanding of plants’ ability to reduce damages caused by radiations through their scavenging activity of free radicals, synthesis of various antioxidants, inhibiting apoptosis, and modulation of growth factors, cytokines, and redox genes. The identification and characterization of plants to tolerate radiations could provide safe, cost-effective, and sustainable radiation protection measures to human health in our surroundings. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.Öğe Jasmonates and Salicylates: Mechanisms, Transport and Signalling During Abiotic Stress in Plants(Springer-Verlag Berlin, 2021) Hossain, Akbar; Ahmad, Zahoor; Moulik, Debjyoti; Maitra, Sagar; Bhadra, Preetha; Ahmad, Adeel; Garai, SouravPopulation across the globe are increasing at an alarming rate. UN Population Division currently (2020) expects that the world population is now 7.8 billion, which will be reached 10.9 billion (the median line) at the end of the twenty-first century. To meet the food demand of increasing population cereal equivalent food demand needs to be increased by about 10,094 million tons by the year 2030 and 14,886 million tons in 2050. At the same time, climate change will impact on agricultural productivity, as a result of the extreme events of abiotic stresses. For example, on an average, about 50% yield losses of several crops are occurred mostly due to high temperature (20%), low temperature (7%), salinity (10%), drought (9%) and other abiotic stresses (4%). Other earlier studies, estimated that a large enhancement of biomass and grain yield loss (83% on average) of wheat was observed when salinity was combined with drought stress. Global wheat production is estimated to fall by 6% for each degrees C temperature increase further and will be become more variable over space and time. To alleviate the antagonistic effect of abiotic stresses, generally, plants take numerous adaptive mechanisms. Among them, several phytohormones play an important role in abiotic stress tolerance in plants. The chapter discussed the role of phytohormones, particularly biosynthesis, transport and signalling mechanisms of jasmonates and salicylates during abiotic stress tolerance in plants.Öğe Legumes under Drought Stress: Plant Responses, Adaptive Mechanisms, and Management Strategies in Relation to Nitrogen Fixation(CRC Press, 2021) Islam, Mohammad Sohidul; Fahad, Shah; Hossain, Akbar; Chowdhury, M Kaium; Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir; Dubey, Anamika; Kumar, Ashwani[No abstract available]Öğe Morphological, Physiobiochemical and Molecular Adaptability of Legumes of Fabaceae to Drought Stress, with Special Reference to Medicago Sativa L(Springer Singapore, 2020) Hossain, Akbar; Farooq, Muhammad; Sabagh, Ayman El; Hasanuzzaman, Mirza; Erman, Murat; Islam, TofazzalDrought stress (DS) is one of the most hostile limitations for sustainable crop production. Developing DS-tolerant crop cultivars and the use of better crop management practices may help improve crop performance under drought. In this chapter, the adverse effect of drought on the growth and development of legumes and the morphological, physiobiochemical, and molecular basis of adaptability to drought are described. Under drought, overproduction of reactive oxygen species causes oxidative damage. The role of osmolytes and antioxidants in countering the oxidative damages has been widely described. Moreover, “omics-based approaches, ” such as proteomics, metabolomics–transcriptomics, and genomics are promissory approaches to identify drought-tolerant genes, decode complex gene networks, and numerous signaling cascades involved in drought tolerance in legumes. The recently developed CRISPR-Cas technology has already been used in precision breeding of many plants including the members of Fabaceae such as alfalfa is also discussed in the chapter. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.Öğe Nitrogen Fixation of Legumes Under the Family Fabaceae: Adverse Effect of Abiotic Stresses and Mitigation Strategies(Springer Singapore, 2020) Sabagh, Ayman El; Hossain, Akbar; Sohidul Islam, M.; Fahad, Shah; Ratnasekera, Disna; Meena, Ram Swaroop; Wasaya, AllahNitrogen (N) is an essential element of the building blocks of almost all plant structures and a vital component of chlorophyll, enzymes, and proteins. It is used in relatively large amounts than other plant nutrients. Therefore, N has been recognized as the most limiting nutrient in crop production systems. Several transformation processes are involved in the nitrogen cycle. Among them, biological nitrogen fixation is an environmentally friendly natural resource for sustainable agricultural systems. Recently, the reports directed to a decrease in agricultural dependence on symbiotic nitrogen fixation due to abiotic stresses. Therefore, abiotic stresses are a topic that increasingly occupies the attention of the world is still a matter of debate. Although physiological mechanisms are affected in more intense abiotic stresses, most research efforts have focused on the study of these processes. In legume plants being grown under symbiotic conditions, one of the primary effects of abiotic stresses is a decline in the rates of symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF). In the present chapter, we summarize our current understanding of the factors that are affected by SNF in legumes. Finally, an overview of the available resources and applications of the physiological system for understanding the complex responses of legumes to abiotic stresses is provided. The overall conclusion was that all physiological mechanisms are important in understanding the regulation of N2 fixation and its response to abiotic stresses. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.Öğe Nutrient Management for Improving Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Legumes of the Family Fabaceae(Springer Singapore, 2020) Hossain, Akbar; Sabagh, Ayman El; Erman, Murat; Fahad, Shah; Islam, Tofazzal; Bhatt, Rajan; Hasanuzzaman, MirzaGrain legumes are rich in carbohydrate, protein, vitamin, mineral, fiber, and essential amino acids. Besides, legumes play a vital role in fixing atmospheric nitrogen (N) which ultimately improves soil fertility through the symbiotic process. However, in the changing climate, the sustainability of grain legumes production is vulnerable due to the extreme events of abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, heat stress, and heavy metals. These abiotic stresses are linked with the physiological, biochemical, and morphological changes that prevent the full genetic potential productivity of the legume crops. Plants need an ample amount of mineral nutrients (micro-and macronutrients) in each stage of the development to achieve maximum yield. Among these mineral nutrients, macronutrients, particularly N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and micronutrients particularly iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), silicon (Si), and selenium (Se) involve in several physiological, biochemical, and morphological processes in plants. These nutrient elements also play a vital role in increasing plant resistance to environmental stresses. An adequate balance of nutrient supply is needed for each stage of the development and to achieve maximum yield potential of legume crops. While imbalanced use of mineral nutrients may result in negative impacts on environmental and also increase the cost of production. Therefore, adequate balanced mineral nutrient management is necessary for the sustainable production of legume crops under the changing climate. This chapter described the negative impacts of abiotic stresses on legumes under the family Fabaceae and also highlighted the essential roles of balanced mineral nutrients in each developmental phage of plants for attaining maximum yield even under the abiotic stressful environment. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.Öğe Nutrients Supplementation through Organic Manures Influence the Growth of Weeds and Maize Productivity(Mdpi, 2020) Ghosh, Dibakar; Brahmachari, Koushik; Skalicky, Milan; Hossain, Akbar; Sarkar, Sukamal; Dinda, Nirmal Kumar; Das, AnupamDeclining rate of productivity and environmental sustainability is forcing growers to use organic manures as a source of nutrient supplement in maize farming. However, weed is a major constraint to maize production. A field study was carried out over two seasons to evaluate various integrated nutrient and weed management practices in hybrid maize. The treatment combinations comprised of supplementation of inorganic fertilizer (25% nitrogen) through bulky (Farmyard manure and vermicompost) and concentrated (Brassicaceous seed meal (BSM) and neem cake (NC)) organic manures and different mode of weed management practices like chemical (atrazine 1000 g ha(-1)) and integrated approach (atrazine 1000 g ha(-1) followed by mechanical weeding). Repeated supplementation of nitrogen through concentrated organic manures reduced the density and biomass accumulation of most dominant weed species, Anagalis arvensis by releasing allelochemicals into the soil. But organic manures had no significant impact on restricting the growth of bold seeded weeds like Vicia hirsuta and weed propagated through tubers i.e., Cyperus rotundus in maize. By restricting the weed growth and nutrient removal by most dominating weeds, application of BSM enhanced the growth and yield of maize crop. Repeated addition of organic manures (BSM) enhanced the maize grain yield by 19% over sole chemical fertilizer in the second year of study. Application of atrazine as pre-emergence (PRE) herbicide significantly reduced the density of A. arvensis, whereas integration of mechanical weeding following herbicide controlled those weeds which were not usually controlled with the application of atrazine. As a result, atrazine at PRE followed by mechanical weeding produced the highest maize grain yield 6.81 and 7.10 t/ha in the first year and second year of study, respectively.Öğe PHENOLOGY, GROWTH AND YIELD ARE STRONGLY INFLUENCED BY HEAT STRESS IN LATE SOWN MUSTARD (BRASSICA SPP.) VARIETIES(Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2020) Bazzaz, Md Mahfuz; Hossain, Akbar; Farooq, Muhammad; Alharby, Hesham; Bamagoos, Atif; Nuruzzaman, Md; Khanum, MahbubaIn rice-based cropping system of northern Bangladesh, mustard planting is delayed due to late harvest of monsoon rice (Transplanted Aman rice; T. Aman rice). The late sown mustard is often exposed to high-temperature stress during the reproductive stage, which causes a significant decrease in seed yield. Most of the farmers plant a low yielding local mustard variety 'Tori-7', which is sensitive to high-temperature stress. The Oil Seeds Research Centre of Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute has recently released short duration and high-yielding mustard varieties for the rice-based cropping system of northern Bangladesh to tackle this issue. However, the performance of these varieties in the target cropping system under late sown conditions (together with exposure to heat stress) has not been evaluated yet. Therefore, this two-year field experiment was conducted to assess the performance of newly released mustard varieties 'BARI Sarisha-14' and `BARI Sarisha-15' in comparison with the local check variety 'Tori-7' sown at five planting dates (viz. October 21, November 1, November 10, November 20, and November 30). The delay in sowing shortened time (days) to flowering and maturity, regardless of the variety. Similarly, plant height, branches/plant and total dry matter accumulation of the tested varieties were also reduced upon delay in planting. The greatest seed yield was observed in varieties `BARI Sarisha-15' and `BARI Sarisha-14' when sown on October 21. These two varieties produced fair seed yield when sown at November 20. However, the local variety 'Tori7' yielded the least across all the planting dates. Therefore, the varieties `BARI Sarisha-14' and `BARI Sarisha-15' may be planted in the rice-based cropping system of northern Bangladesh after harvest of T. Aman rice to get maximum seed yield.Öğe Phytohormones as Growth Regulators During Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants(Frontiers Media Sa, 2022) EL Sabagh, Ayman; Islam, Mohammad Sohidul; Hossain, Akbar; Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir; Mubeen, Muhammad; Waleed, Mirza; Reginato, MarianaPhytohormones (PHs) play crucial role in regulation of various physiological and biochemical processes that govern plant growth and yield under optimal and stress conditions. The interaction of these PHs is crucial for plant survival under stressful environments as they trigger signaling pathways. Hormonal cross regulation initiate a cascade of reactions which finely tune the physiological processes in plant architecture that help plant to grow under suboptimal growth conditions. Recently, various studies have highlighted the role of PHs such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, ethylene, and jasmonates in the plant responses toward environmental stresses. The involvement of cytokinins, gibberellins, auxin, and relatively novel PHs such as strigolactones and brassinosteroids in plant growth and development has been documented under normal and stress conditions. The recent identification of the first plant melatonin receptor opened the door to this regulatory molecule being considered a new plant hormone. However, polyamines, which are not considered PHs, have been included in this chapter. Various microbes produce and secrete hormones which helped the plants in nutrient uptake such as N, P, and Fe. Exogenous use of such microbes help plants in correcting nutrient deficiency under abiotic stresses. This chapter focused on the recent developments in the knowledge related to PHs and their involvement in abiotic stresses of anticipation, signaling, cross-talk, and activation of response mechanisms. In view of role of hormones and capability of microbes in producing hormones, we propose the use of hormones and microbes as potential strategy for crop stress management.Öğe Potential Role of Plant Growth Regulators in Administering Crucial Processes Against Abiotic Stresses(Frontiers Media Sa, 2021) EL Sabagh, Ayman; Mbarki, Sonia; Hossain, Akbar; Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir; Islam, Mohammad Sohidul; Raza, Ali; Llanes, AnaliaPlant growth regulators are naturally biosynthesized chemicals in plants that influence physiological processes. Their synthetic analogous trigger numerous biochemical and physiological processes involved in the growth and development of plants. Nowadays, due to changing climatic scenario, numerous biotic and abiotic stresses hamper seed germination, seedling growth, and plant development leading to a decline in biological and economic yields. However, plant growth regulators (PGRs) can potentially play a fundamental role in regulating plant responses to various abiotic stresses and hence, contribute to plant adaptation under adverse environments. The major effects of abiotic stresses are growth and yield disturbance, and both these effects are directly overseen by the PGRs. Different types of PGRs such as abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET), and jasmonates (JAs) are connected to boosting the response of plants to multiple stresses. In contrast, PGRs including cytokinins (CKs), gibberellins (GAs), auxin, and relatively novel PGRs such as strigolactones (SLs), and brassinosteroids (BRs) are involved in plant growth and development under normal and stressful environmental conditions. Besides, polyamines and nitric oxide (NO), although not considered as phytohormones, have been included in the current review due to their involvement in the regulation of several plant processes and stress responses. These PGRs are crucial for regulating stress adaptation through the modulates physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes and activation of the defense system, upregulating of transcript levels, transcription factors, metabolism genes, and stress proteins at cellular levels. The current review presents an acumen of the recent progress made on different PGRs to improve plant tolerance to abiotic stress such as heat, drought, salinity, and flood. Moreover, it highlights the research gaps on underlying mechanisms of PGRs biosynthesis under stressed conditions and their potential roles in imparting tolerance against adverse effects of suboptimal growth conditions.Öğe Prospective role of plant growth regulators for tolerance to abiotic stresses(Springer International Publishing, 2021) Sabagh, Ayman E. L.; Hossain, Akbar; Islam, Mohammad Sohidul; Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir; Amanet, Khizer; Mubeen, Muhammad; Nasim, WajidAbiotic stresses (heat, drought, salinity, and heavy metals) are projected to drastically reduce crop yields leading to seriously jeopardizing the food security of increasing population across the globe. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are natural or synthetic substances that regulate the growth and differentiation of plant cells, tissues, and organs. Although the roles of PGRs in improving plant growth and development are well documented, their role in plant stress tolerance is continued to be explored. Among the PGRs, auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, ethylene, salicylic acid, nitric oxide, brassinosteroids, strigolactones, and polyamines have got the attention of the researchers as a sustainable source to improve abiotic stress tolerance under changing climate. Recently, numerous advancements have led to identify PGRs effects and to understand how plant growth responses are regulated by PGRs under abiotic stress. Different strategies are being employed to improve plant growth under abiotic conditions; the application of PGRs in crops offers good outcomes. However, it needs more researches and discussions on the said subject. Therefore, this chapter is focused on the stress management and role of PGRs in conferring abiotic stress tolerance under changing climate as it will play a key role to policymakers' food, nutritional, environmental, and economic security for the present and future generation demand. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021. All rights reserved.Öğe Role of transporters during heavy metals toxicity in plants(CRC Press, 2021) Naz, Misbah; Islam, Mohammad Sohidul; Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir; Okana, Sytar; Disna, Ratnasekera; Hossain, Akbar; Mubeen, Muhammad[No abstract available]Öğe Saline Toxicity and Antioxidant Response in Oryza sativa: An Updated Review(Springer Nature, 2022) Monsur, Mahmuda Binte; Datta, Juel; Rohman, Md. Motiar; Hasanuzzaman, Mirza; Hossain, Akbar; Islam, Mohammad Sohidul; Bukhari, Maham AsifAbiotic stresses such as drought, waterlogging, extreme temperatures, salinity, and mineral toxicity negatively impact the growth and development, yield, and seed quality of crop plants. Presently, abiotic stresses are severely affecting crop yields, resulting in higher economic losses for the farmers. One of the severe consequences of abiotic stresses is the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which results in oxidative stress. However, plants possess antioxidative defense machinery to protect against oxidative stress. The underlying mechanisms of antioxidant defense in rice plants have been published in many papers in recent decades. In this review, we aim at summarizing the updated information on physiological interventions in making rice plants more tolerant to salt-induced oxidative stress. We also focused on the understanding of the physiological mechanisms in rice under salinity stress that could facilitate the development of salt-tolerant cultivars. This review aims to know the activity of antioxidant enzymes and other proteins response in saline-stress conditions, and which proteomics and molecular markers were used to assess oxidative stress and antioxidants to discriminate cultivars, genotypes, or species for salt tolerance were also included. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
