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    Morphological, Physiobiochemical and Molecular Adaptability of Legumes of Fabaceae to Drought Stress, with Special Reference to Medicago Sativa L
    (Springer Singapore, 2020) Hossain, Akbar; Farooq, Muhammad; Sabagh, Ayman El; Hasanuzzaman, Mirza; Erman, Murat; Islam, Tofazzal
    Drought stress (DS) is one of the most hostile limitations for sustainable crop production. Developing DS-tolerant crop cultivars and the use of better crop management practices may help improve crop performance under drought. In this chapter, the adverse effect of drought on the growth and development of legumes and the morphological, physiobiochemical, and molecular basis of adaptability to drought are described. Under drought, overproduction of reactive oxygen species causes oxidative damage. The role of osmolytes and antioxidants in countering the oxidative damages has been widely described. Moreover, “omics-based approaches, ” such as proteomics, metabolomics–transcriptomics, and genomics are promissory approaches to identify drought-tolerant genes, decode complex gene networks, and numerous signaling cascades involved in drought tolerance in legumes. The recently developed CRISPR-Cas technology has already been used in precision breeding of many plants including the members of Fabaceae such as alfalfa is also discussed in the chapter. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.
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    Nutrient Management for Improving Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Legumes of the Family Fabaceae
    (Springer Singapore, 2020) Hossain, Akbar; Sabagh, Ayman El; Erman, Murat; Fahad, Shah; Islam, Tofazzal; Bhatt, Rajan; Hasanuzzaman, Mirza
    Grain legumes are rich in carbohydrate, protein, vitamin, mineral, fiber, and essential amino acids. Besides, legumes play a vital role in fixing atmospheric nitrogen (N) which ultimately improves soil fertility through the symbiotic process. However, in the changing climate, the sustainability of grain legumes production is vulnerable due to the extreme events of abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, heat stress, and heavy metals. These abiotic stresses are linked with the physiological, biochemical, and morphological changes that prevent the full genetic potential productivity of the legume crops. Plants need an ample amount of mineral nutrients (micro-and macronutrients) in each stage of the development to achieve maximum yield. Among these mineral nutrients, macronutrients, particularly N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) and micronutrients particularly iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), silicon (Si), and selenium (Se) involve in several physiological, biochemical, and morphological processes in plants. These nutrient elements also play a vital role in increasing plant resistance to environmental stresses. An adequate balance of nutrient supply is needed for each stage of the development and to achieve maximum yield potential of legume crops. While imbalanced use of mineral nutrients may result in negative impacts on environmental and also increase the cost of production. Therefore, adequate balanced mineral nutrient management is necessary for the sustainable production of legume crops under the changing climate. This chapter described the negative impacts of abiotic stresses on legumes under the family Fabaceae and also highlighted the essential roles of balanced mineral nutrients in each developmental phage of plants for attaining maximum yield even under the abiotic stressful environment. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.
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    Oxidative Stress Tolerance Mechanism in Rice under Salinity
    (Tech Science Press, 2020) Monsur, Mahmuda Binte; Ivy, Nasrin Akter; Haque, M. Moynul; Hasanuzzaman, Mirza; EL Sabagh, Ayman; Rohman, Md Motiar
    The research was conducted to investigate comparative oxidative damage including probable protective roles of antioxidant and glyoxalase systems in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings under salinity stress. Seedlings of two rice genotypes: Pokkali (tolerant) and BRRI dhan28 (sensitive) were subjected to 8 dSm(-1) salinity stress for seven days in a hydroponic system. We observed significant variation between Pokkali and BRRI dhan28 in phenotypic, biochemical and molecular level under salinity stress. Carotenoid content, ion homeostasis, antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate and glutathione redox system and proline accumulation may help Pokkali to develop defense system during salinity stress. However, the activity antioxidant enzymes particularly superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and non-chloroplastic peroxidase (POD) were observed significantly higher in Pokkali compared to salt-sensitive BRRI dhan28. Higher glyoxalase (Gly-I) and glyoxalase (Gly-II) activity might have also accompanied Pokkali genotype to reduce potential cytotoxic MG through non-toxic hydroxy acids conversion. However, the efficient antioxidants and glyoxalase system together increased adaptability in Pokkali during salinity stress.
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    Saline Toxicity and Antioxidant Response in Oryza sativa: An Updated Review
    (Springer Nature, 2022) Monsur, Mahmuda Binte; Datta, Juel; Rohman, Md. Motiar; Hasanuzzaman, Mirza; Hossain, Akbar; Islam, Mohammad Sohidul; Bukhari, Maham Asif
    Abiotic stresses such as drought, waterlogging, extreme temperatures, salinity, and mineral toxicity negatively impact the growth and development, yield, and seed quality of crop plants. Presently, abiotic stresses are severely affecting crop yields, resulting in higher economic losses for the farmers. One of the severe consequences of abiotic stresses is the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which results in oxidative stress. However, plants possess antioxidative defense machinery to protect against oxidative stress. The underlying mechanisms of antioxidant defense in rice plants have been published in many papers in recent decades. In this review, we aim at summarizing the updated information on physiological interventions in making rice plants more tolerant to salt-induced oxidative stress. We also focused on the understanding of the physiological mechanisms in rice under salinity stress that could facilitate the development of salt-tolerant cultivars. This review aims to know the activity of antioxidant enzymes and other proteins response in saline-stress conditions, and which proteomics and molecular markers were used to assess oxidative stress and antioxidants to discriminate cultivars, genotypes, or species for salt tolerance were also included. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.