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Öğe Assessment of lipocalin-1, resistin, cathepsin-D, neurokinin A, agmatine, NGF, and BDNF serum levels in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2025-04-21) Veysel Tahiroğlu; Cüneyt Cağlayan; Ayşe Gizem Güleç; Sinem Yavuz Öztürk; Hasan Karageçili; Tahir ÇağlarAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental disorder that affects all aspects of social communication, with stereotypical and limited interest and atypical responses to sensory stimuli. There isn't a reliable lab test that can help clinicians diagnose ASD. This study aimed to examine serum lipocalin-1, resistin, cathepsin-D, neurokinin A, agmatinase, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels in children with ASD. The study had 40 matched control subjects and 39 ASD sufferers in total. The diagnosis was made by medical professionals using the Gilliam Autistic Disorder Rating Scale-2-TV (GOBDÖ-2-TV), Denver Developmental Screening Test, and Porteus Intelligence Tests. Compared to the control group, serum levels of lipocalin-1, resistin, cathepsin-D, agmatinase, BDNF, and NGF were found to be high and GFAP levels were low in children having ASD. B12 and magnesium levels were significantly lower in the ASD group than in the control group, while sodium and chloride levels were higher in the ASD group (p<0.05). The aforementioned parameters may be involved in the pathophysiology of ASD, as evidenced by the fact that their values were greater in children with ASD than in controls. Additionally, evaluation of some routinely measured biochemical parameters may suggest that nutritional and electrolyte balance may differ in individuals with ASD.Öğe Enzyme Inhibition Properties of Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, and Anthemis pseudocotula: Kinetics and Molecular Docking Studies(ACG Publications, 2025-06-15) İlhami Gülçin; Kübra Aslan; Hatice Kızıltaş; Leyla Guven; Hasan Karageçili; Doğan ArslanThis study determined the enzyme inhibition potential of three species (Calendula officinalis, Matricaria chamomilla, and Anthemis pseudocotula) from the Asteraceae family through in silico, followed by in vitro studies. Quinic acid, fumaric acid, gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, quercetin, apigenin, and isorhamnetin were determined by LC-MS/MS in all of the species. Metabolic enzymes are essential catalysts regulating biochemical reactions within living organisms, facilitating energy production, detoxification, and biosynthesis. These enzymes play a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and are tightly regulated to ensure optimal metabolic function. High docking scores were also obtained for butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), α-glycosidase, α-amylase, and human carbonic anhydrase I and II enzymes (hCA I and hCA II). Among the extracts, Anthemis pseudocotula was concluded to be the best inhibitor for the enzymes, which was further determined by in vitro enzyme inhibition tests. Besides, it was concluded that all extracts showed anti-cholinergic, anti-diabetic, and anti-glaucoma properties. This is the first study determining the enzyme inhibition property of Anthemis pseudocotula and the three species' hCA I and hCA II inhibition activities.Öğe Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Anti-Alzheimer Effects of Capsella bursa-pastoris-Polyphenolic Profiling by LC-MS/MS(ACG Publications, 2024-12-26) İlhami Gülçin; Hasan Karageçili; Tuğba Polat; Mustafa Abdullah Yılmaz; Mehmet Fidan; Cengiz KaraismailoğluCapsella bursa-pastoris species of the Capsella herb were examined in this study for sreening of antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer effects. Traditionally, people consumed C. bursa-pastoris against famine and satisfy their hunger. C. bursa-pastoris species have been shown to have utility as food, medicine, and industrial materials after extensive investigation. The antioxidant properties of methanol and water extracts of C. bursa-pastoris species were assessed using; Fe3+-2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-S-triazine (TPTZ), ferric (Fe3+), and cupric (Cu2+) iobs reducing assays, as well as 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radical (ABTS•+) and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DMPD) radical scavenging activities. The antioxidant and reducing capacity of C. bursa-pastoris species aerial parts water and methanol extracts were compared with standard antioxidants. The phenolic and flavonoid contents in methanol and water extracts of C. bursa-pastoris species were measured 6.86 to 12.00 mg GAE/g and 61.67 to 145.0 mg QE/g, respectively. The inhibitions of effects of water and methanol extract of C. bursa-pastoris species against α-amylase, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymes were investigated. The IC50 values were found as 168.6 to 238.6 μg/mL against α-amylase and 19.0 to 20.9 μg/mL against AChE. The number of fenolik compounds in both extracts of C. bursa-pastoris species were recorded using LC-MS/MS. The major phenolic and flavonoid components detected in methanol extract of C. bursa-pastoris were quinic acid (22.629 mg/g), chlorogenic acid (3.211 mg/g), rutin (1.930 mg/g), hesperidin (0.893 mg/g), and isoquercitrin (0.783 mg/g). In a similar order, quinic acid (11.356 mg/g), cyranoside (9.463 mg/g), chlorogenic acid (6.072 mg/g), hesperidin (5.912 mg/g), and isoquercitrin (5.364 mg/g) were found as plentyfull pehenolic antioxidants in methanolic extract. The results clearly demonstrated that polyphenolic antioxidants-rich ingredients of the aerial parts of C. bursa-pastoris species are biological phenolic comounds have persuasive usage in the medication of diabetes and Alzheimer's diseases.Öğe Phytochemical profile and bioactive properties of sage ( Salvia fruticosa ) and thyme ( Thymus vulgaris ) extracts(Informa UK Limited, 2025-03-19) Kübra Aslan; Emre Erden Kopar; Kader Kelle; Hasan Karageçili; Mustafa Abdullah Yilmaz; Oguz Cakir; Saleh Alwasel; Ilhami GulcinWe examined the phytochemical content, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticholinergic, antidiabetic, and antiglaucoma properties of ethanol and water extracts from Salvia fruticosa (SF) and Thymus vulgaris (TV). Extracts were analyzed using four antioxidant assays, while the enzyme inhibition was tested against alpha-amylase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against pan-resistant bacterial strains. LC-MS/MS identified rosmarinic acid as the major compound (27.61 and 34.35 mg/L in TV and SF, respectively). Ethanolic extracts had higher phenolic content (181.0 +/- 7.86 and 107.0 +/- 5.78 mu g GAE/mg for SF and TV, respectively). SF showed stronger metal-reducing capacity, while TV had superior radical scavenging ability, judging by the IC50 values (13.68 +/- 1.18 mu g/mL), defined as the concentration that reduces 50% of the enzyme activity. The highest inhibition was observed for hCA II (SF ethanolic extract, IC50 14.51 +/- 4.07 mu g/mL), AChE (SF aqueous extract, IC50 16.51 +/- 3.77 mu g/mL), and BChE (TV aqueous extract, IC50 10.60 +/- 4.93 mu g/mL). SF ethanolic extract inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis (11 mm at 60 mu g/mL). These findings highlight SF and TV as potential sources of natural antioxidants, enzyme inhibitors, and antimicrobials for pharmaceutical and food formulations.
