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    Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Antidiabetic and Anti-Alzheimer Effects of Capsella bursa-pastoris-Polyphenolic Profiling by LC-MS/MS
    (ACG Publications, 2024-12-26) İlhami Gülçin; Hasan Karageçili; Tuğba Polat; Mustafa Abdullah Yılmaz; Mehmet Fidan; Cengiz Karaismailoğlu
    Capsella bursa-pastoris species of the Capsella herb were examined in this study for sreening of antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer effects. Traditionally, people consumed C. bursa-pastoris against famine and satisfy their hunger. C. bursa-pastoris species have been shown to have utility as food, medicine, and industrial materials after extensive investigation. The antioxidant properties of methanol and water extracts of C. bursa-pastoris species were assessed using; Fe3+-2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-S-triazine (TPTZ), ferric (Fe3+), and cupric (Cu2+) iobs reducing assays, as well as 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid radical (ABTS•+) and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DMPD) radical scavenging activities. The antioxidant and reducing capacity of C. bursa-pastoris species aerial parts water and methanol extracts were compared with standard antioxidants. The phenolic and flavonoid contents in methanol and water extracts of C. bursa-pastoris species were measured 6.86 to 12.00 mg GAE/g and 61.67 to 145.0 mg QE/g, respectively. The inhibitions of effects of water and methanol extract of C. bursa-pastoris species against α-amylase, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzymes were investigated. The IC50 values were found as 168.6 to 238.6 μg/mL against α-amylase and 19.0 to 20.9 μg/mL against AChE. The number of fenolik compounds in both extracts of C. bursa-pastoris species were recorded using LC-MS/MS. The major phenolic and flavonoid components detected in methanol extract of C. bursa-pastoris were quinic acid (22.629 mg/g), chlorogenic acid (3.211 mg/g), rutin (1.930 mg/g), hesperidin (0.893 mg/g), and isoquercitrin (0.783 mg/g). In a similar order, quinic acid (11.356 mg/g), cyranoside (9.463 mg/g), chlorogenic acid (6.072 mg/g), hesperidin (5.912 mg/g), and isoquercitrin (5.364 mg/g) were found as plentyfull pehenolic antioxidants in methanolic extract. The results clearly demonstrated that polyphenolic antioxidants-rich ingredients of the aerial parts of C. bursa-pastoris species are biological phenolic comounds have persuasive usage in the medication of diabetes and Alzheimer's diseases.
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    Phytochemical profile and bioactive properties of sage ( Salvia fruticosa ) and thyme ( Thymus vulgaris ) extracts
    (Informa UK Limited, 2025-03-19) Kübra Aslan; Emre Erden Kopar; Kader Kelle; Hasan Karageçili; Mustafa Abdullah Yilmaz; Oguz Cakir; Saleh Alwasel; Ilhami Gulcin
    We examined the phytochemical content, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticholinergic, antidiabetic, and antiglaucoma properties of ethanol and water extracts from Salvia fruticosa (SF) and Thymus vulgaris (TV). Extracts were analyzed using four antioxidant assays, while the enzyme inhibition was tested against alpha-amylase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against pan-resistant bacterial strains. LC-MS/MS identified rosmarinic acid as the major compound (27.61 and 34.35 mg/L in TV and SF, respectively). Ethanolic extracts had higher phenolic content (181.0 +/- 7.86 and 107.0 +/- 5.78 mu g GAE/mg for SF and TV, respectively). SF showed stronger metal-reducing capacity, while TV had superior radical scavenging ability, judging by the IC50 values (13.68 +/- 1.18 mu g/mL), defined as the concentration that reduces 50% of the enzyme activity. The highest inhibition was observed for hCA II (SF ethanolic extract, IC50 14.51 +/- 4.07 mu g/mL), AChE (SF aqueous extract, IC50 16.51 +/- 3.77 mu g/mL), and BChE (TV aqueous extract, IC50 10.60 +/- 4.93 mu g/mL). SF ethanolic extract inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis (11 mm at 60 mu g/mL). These findings highlight SF and TV as potential sources of natural antioxidants, enzyme inhibitors, and antimicrobials for pharmaceutical and food formulations.