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Öğe Analysis and 3D Imaging of Morphometric - Mineral Structure Changes in Skulls of Male and Female Guinea Pigs During and After Developmental Period(Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2024) Baygeldi, Saime Betul; Yilmaz, Yucehan; Guzel, Baris Can; Kanmaz, Yesim Aslan; Karan, Meryem; Hark, Betul Dagoglu; Yilmaz, SadikEven though morphometric and mineral studies related to the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) skull have been carried out, this study is the first attempt to evaluate all developmental stages of male and female guinea pigs. This study aims to this study is to create 3D modeling of CT images obtained from the skulls of male and female guinea pigs during the developmental period (prepuberty and the period between puberty and adulthood) and following periods (young adulthood and old adulthood), to analyze some biometric bone data such as volume, surface area and length, and to assess the developmental analysis of the mineral matter change in their skulls. The CT-scanned skulls were transferred to 3D Slicer (5.0.2), which is used for 3D modeling. The surface area and volume were calculated by measuring the measurement points on the models. In addition, the XRF device was used to show elemental ratio changes during different developmental stages. According to metric measurements, a gradual increase was observed during the life period. The metric measurements of the skull bone had a higher measurement value in male guinea pigs than in their female counterparts. While Ca/P ratio increased up to the third group and partially decreased in the fourth group in males, it gradually increased from the first group to the fourth group in females. This study revealed that puberty, adulthood and sex were effective in the physical and chemical characterization of skull bone structure in guinea pigs.Öğe Assessing Thoracic Symmetry in Dogs(Univ Agriculture, Fac Veterinary Science, 2024) Mutlu, Zihni; Altundag, Yusuf; Guzel, Baris CanThis study aimed to conduct a detailed statistical shape analysis of the thorax across various dog breeds, focusing on the identification and characterization of shape variations and asymmetrical features. For this purpose, 3D images of 39 thoracic samples were collected from various regions across T & uuml;rkiye, ensuring a diverse representation of breeds and populations. In the analysis, 136 specific anatomical landmarks were meticulously identified and marked from a lateral view of the thorax for each sample. The study revealed that the first principal component explained 28.89% of the total variation in directional asymmetry, suggesting consistent size or shape differences on one side of the thorax. Additionally, it was found that the first principal component explained 27.82% of the total variation in fluctuating facet asymmetry occurs if one region is consistently greater or has a different shape compared to the opposite and indicates underlying genetic or functional differences. This study highlights the usefulness of geometric morphometric analysis in distinguishing thoracic shape differences among various dog breeds, providing insights into their morphological diversity. Moreover, the findings underscore the potential of geometric morphometric analysis for taxonomic purposes, enabling more precise classification and understanding of breed-specific characteristics. This approach can aid in identifying subtle morphological variations that may be linked to breed history, function, or environmental adaptation.Öğe Comparison of Skull Morphometric Characteristics of Simmental and Holstein Cattle Breeds(Mdpi, 2024) Cakar, Buket; Tandir, Faruk; Guzel, Baris Can; Bakici, Caner; Unal, Burak; Duro, Sokol; Szara, TomazSimple Summary This study examined the skull characteristics of Holstein and Simmental cattle to provide reference values for future research. We collected 54 skulls of young male cattle from Turkey to conduct 27 measurements and calculate eight indices. Holstein skulls tended to be longer, though not markedly, but they exhibited notably longer nasal bones and shorter skull lengths. Holsteins also had wider faces. A statistical analysis showed that overall size differences did not separate the breeds, but certain skull features did. Simmental skulls had higher basal index values and wider occipital regions, likely due to their larger skull size and weight, which provides more space for muscle attachment. Holsteins had more oval-shaped eye sockets, while Simmentals had wider, rounder ones. These findings help identify breed-specific traits and offer insights into how each breed's skull structure supports their functions. This knowledge is valuable for breeding and conservation, and future research should look into the genetic and environmental factors influencing these traits.Abstract This study aimed to reveal the morphological characteristics of pure Holstein and Simmental skulls and to obtain reference values for morphometric analysis. Moreover, 54 skulls from 12- to 14-month-old male Holstein (n = 25) and Simmental (n = 29) cattle were collected from Turkey's Southeastern Anatolia Region between 2023 and 2024. Linear measurements indicated that Holsteins had longer skulls compared to Simmentals. Holsteins exhibited significantly higher values for the greatest length of nasals and the shortest skull length. The facial breadth was wider in Holsteins and statistically distinctive between the breeds. Holsteins had a more oval orbital bony roof, while Simmentals exhibited a wider orbital structure. The orbital index was higher in Holsteins, distinguishing between the two breeds. It was observed that Simmental cattle had a wider occipital region. This difference is likely due to the larger lateral appearance of the Simmental skull, which has more body weight and provides a larger surface area for muscle attachment. These differences not only aid in breed identification but also offer insights into the functional adaptations of each breed. Future research should explore the genetic and environmental factors contributing to these morphological traits, further enriching our knowledge of cattle morphology and its implications for breeding and conservation efforts.Öğe Developmental three-dimensional examination of the pelvic cavity of Hamdani crossbred sheep fetuses (Ovis aries) in the last two periods of gestation(Wiley, 2024) Isbilir, Fatma; Guzel, Baris CanBackground: Turkiye is a country in the world ranking in terms of sheep breeding. Hamdani crossbred sheep breed is one of the sheep breeds that can adapt to the difficult conditions in our country. In addition, the sentence may be corrected as 'Especially in the southeastern part of the Turkiye, crossbreeding is preferred by breeders to increase the yield characteristics of sheep'. Objectives: In our study, it was aimed to perform a pelvimetric analysis of Hamdani crossbred sheep fetuses in the second and third trimesters by three-dimensional modelling method. Methods: For this purpose, a total of 40 second-trimester (10 females, 10 males) and third-trimester (10 females, 10 males) fetuses were used. The pelvises of the fetuses were imaged with CT and 3D models were created. Sixteen pelvimetric measurements were performed from the models. The results obtained were evaluated statistically. Results: The study found statistically significant differences between male and female fetuses in terms of vertical diameter (VD) and foramen obturatum width (FOW) measurement parameters in the second trimester. In the third trimester, there were statistically significant differences between genders in acetabulum (AC) (p < 0.01), medial ischial tuberosities (MIT), and ischiatic arch (IA) (p < 0.05) parameters. As a result of the correlation analysis, it was determined that the pelvis length (PL) measurement parameter was positively correlated with different parameters in varying degrees in both periods, while the IA parameter did not show significant correlations with the other parameter in the last two periods of pregnancy. Conclusion: In conclusion, the data obtained will be useful in pelvimetric evaluations of human and animal fetuses, anatomy education, zooarchaeology and taxonomy studies.Öğe Evaluation of Placentome Morphology in the Last Two Periods of Pregnancy in Hair Goats (Capra aegagrus hircus)(Wiley, 2024) Isbilir, Fatma; Kandil, Banu; Isbilir, Ihsan; Koca, Davut; Guzel, Baris CanThis study was carried out on pregnant uteruses obtained from healthy Hair goats (Capra aegagrus hircus). A total of thirteen pregnant uteruses, six second and seven third trimesters, were used. Morphometrically, placentome numbers, lengths, widths and depths were measured. Randomly selected placentomes from the second and third trimesters were stained with the triple staining method. Caruncular and cotyledonary areas, capillary numbers and areas were measured using Qupath v0.5.0 software. The Minitab (version 21.4.1) was used for statistical analysis. While no statistical difference was observed in the number of placentomes between trimesters (p > 0.05), placentome length, width and depth were higher in the third trimester compared to the second trimester (p < 0.001). No difference was observed in the number of caruncular and cotyledonary capillaries in the second trimester. In the second trimester, the caruncular capillary area was higher than the cotyledonary capillary area (p < 0.05). Both caruncular and cotyledonary capillary area parameters were higher in the third trimester than in the second trimester (p < 0.001). In the third trimester, the caruncular capillary area was higher than the cotyledonary capillary area (p < 0.001). The number of caruncular capillaries and cotyledonary capillaries was statistically significantly higher in the third trimester compared to the second trimester. In addition, the number of cotyledonary capillaries was higher than that of caruncular capillaries in the third trimester (p < 0.001). A positive and significant correlation was found between the day of pregnancy and the number of placentomes in the second trimester (p < 0.05). No correlation was observed between the day of pregnancy and the number of placentomes in the third trimester. Vascular area density showed a faster development in foetal tissue than in maternal tissue. Placentome size and angiogenesis increased with the progression of pregnancy.Öğe Examination of upper respiratory tracts of Siirt-coloured mohair goats by scanning electron microscopy before and after plastination(Wiley, 2024) Guzel, Baris Can; Baygeldi, Saime Betul; Ozkan, Zait EnderPresent study was conducted to determine the changes in the surface structure of the upper respiratory tract of Siirt-coloured mohair goats by the silicone plastination method. Accordingly, the heads of 10 Siirt-coloured mohair goats procured from slaughterhouses were divided into two halves. Half of each head was plastinated. After macro-comparisons were made, the deformations of silicone plastination on the surface were examined by comparing the scanning electron microscope (SEM) findings of both upper respiratory tract tissue samples collected from plastinates and fresh material. When the data from scanning electron microscopy were analysed, cilia, cobblestone patterns, goblet cells and gland ducts on the epithelial surface were identified in areas on the upper respiratory tract. The SEM images of the plastinated tissues showed that the surface structures were degenerated due to the deformation of the surface epithelium. The plastination technique damaged the structures on the surface epithelium. Since the plastination technique and scanning electron microscopy have been studied together for the first time, we believe this would contribute to the scientific literature.Öğe Morphometric analysis of the mandible of ram and ewe romanov sheep (Ovis aries) with 3D modelling: A CT study(Wiley, 2023) Isbilir, Fatma; Guzel, Baris Can2D images view hardly measurement points due to the overlap of anatomical features. This challenge is overcome by 3D modelling. In particular, images obtained by computed tomography are converted into 3D models through certain software. In sheep breeds with high polymorphism, some changes have occurred in their morphology due to both environmental and genetic factors. In this context, determining the osteometric measurements of sheep and revealing breed-specific characteristics provide very important data for forensic, zooarchaeological, and developmental sciences. Mandibular reconstruction measurements are used to reveal differences between species and between sexes and for treatment and surgery in many fields of medicine. In the present study, morphometric characteristics were determined by 3D modelling from computed tomography images obtained from mandibles of Romanov ram and ewe. For this purpose, mandibles of 16 Romanov sheep (eight females and eight males) were used. They were scanned using a 64-detector MDCT device at 80 kV, 200 MA, 639 mGY, and 0.625 mm slice thickness. CT scans were recorded in DICOM format. Reconstructions of the images were made using a special software program. Volume and surface area measurements were made with 22 osteometric parameters of the mandible. GOC-ID had a statistically significant positive correlation with GOC-ID, PC-ID, GOC-MTR, GOC-PTW, GOC-FMN, PMU, MDU, PDU, DU, GOV-PC, GOV-IMD, MTR-MH, MO-MH, FMN- ID, BM, MG, and CG (p < 0.01). GOC-ID had a statistically significant correlation with MTR-ID, GOV-CR, PTW-MH and SI (p < 0.05). When the CR-PC measurement point was examined, it was observed that it had no statistically significant correlation with all measurement points (p > 0.05). As a result of the measurement, it was found that the volume and surface areas were higher in rams than in ewes. The morphometric data obtained would be a reference income in the fields of zoo-archaeology, anatomy, forensics, anaesthesia, surgery, and treatment.Öğe Morphometric analysis of the skulls of a ram and ewe Romanov sheep (Ovis aries) with 3D modelling(Wiley, 2024) Guzel, Baris Can; Isbilir, FatmaBackground: With the development of technology, 2D images have left their place for 3D models. The 3D modelling technique is widely used in plastic surgery, orthopaedic surgery, neurosurgery, traumatology, dentistry and medical education. The skull is important in terms of containing the starting parts of systems with vital functions. Objective: The aim of the study is to reveal the difference between male and female and other species by 3D (three-dimensional) modelling and craniometric measurements of Romanov heads. Methods: In our study, skulls of Romanov sheep (10 females and 10 males) older than 1-year-old were used. The heads of Romanov sheep were scanned with computed tomography and modelled in 3D. Results and Conclusions: In the study, it was determined that there was a statistically significant difference between male and female sheep in terms of the largest nose length, facial width, molar row length, viscerocranium length, and foramen magnum height parameters (p < 0.05). It was determined that the greatest width of the foramen magnum measurement parameter and the skull index showed statistically significant differences between the genders at the p < 0.01 level. No statistically significant difference was found in other measurements (p > 0.05). The data obtained as a result of the study will help in the racial discrimination and classification of bones obtained from zoo archaeological excavations.Öğe Morphometric, macroscopic and microscopic investigation of glandulae uropygiale in turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo)(Wiley, 2024) Isbilir, Fatma; Ozguden Akkoc, Cansel Guzin; Isbilir, Ihsan; Ozoner, Ozgur; Guzel, Baris Can; Arican, Ilker; Atalgin, Sukru HakanThis study was carried out to investigate the macroanatomical, morphometric, histological, and electron microscopic characteristics of the uropygial gland in adult male and female turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo). The glandula uropygialis of 13 adult turkeys (6 males and 7 females) were used for this study. It was determined that this glandular structure located dorsal to the last caudal vertebrae was heart-shaped and consisted of two lobes and a papilla system. As a result of statistical evaluation, significant differences were found between the sexes in the parameters of lobe length, papilla width and papilla height (p < .05). Also, papilla uropygialis index (PUI) value had a statistically significant difference (p < .05). Tissue samples taken to determine the histological structure of the gland were stained with Hematoxylin & Eosin, Crossman's triple, periodic acid Schiff (PAS), diastase, and orcein. Histological examination revealed that the gland had a two-lobed structure surrounded by a capsule composed of connective tissue. It was determined that the gland had a tubular structure and the epithelial layer consisted of cellular layers as a germinative layer, intermediate layer, secretory layer, and degenerative layer from the periphery to center. In the scanning electron microscope examination, the lobe structure of the gland consisted of different shaped follicles protruding from the surface. It was observed that these glandular follicle structures were gathered together in different ways or mostly disorganized. As a result of the study, it was determined that the morphological and histological structure of the uropygial gland in turkeys was similar to that of other bird species, but showed some species-specific and habitat-dependent differences in general. Ar & imath;can Research Highlights The uropygial gland consisted of a system of two lobes and one papilla in each of male and female turkeys. The glandular lobes consisted of follicles surrounded by connective tissue, while the follicles were connected to each other by interfollicular septae. The results obtained in morphometric measurements revealed statistical differences between male and female birds. Histological examination showed periodic acid Schiff (PAS) (+) reaction in the basal membranes of tubule epithelial cells and secretion. Lymphoid cell communities were found in both connective tissue and intertubular regions. The fact that the reaction was not glycogen-induced was determined by the observation of PAS positivity as a result of staining with the PAS-diastase technique.Öğe Neuroprotective effects of the combined treatment of resveratrol and urapidil in experimental cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats(Acta Cirurgica Brasileira, 2024) Cetin, Ridvan; Bahadir, Sinan; Basar, Ibrahim; Aslanoglu, Baris; Atlas, Burak; Kaya, Seval; Guzel, Baris CanPurpose: To evaluate the neuroprotective effect of resveratrol, urapidil, and a combined administration of these drugs against middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induced ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury model in rats. Methods: Thirty-five rats were divided into five groups of seven animals each. Animals in IR, IR resveratrol (IRr), IR urapidil (IRu), and IR + combination of resveratrol and urapidil (IRc) were exposed to MCAO induced cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury model. Rats in IRr and IRu groups received 30-mg/kg resveratrol and 5-mg/kg urapidil respectively. Animals in IRc received a combined treatment of both drugs. At the end of the study, brain tissues were used for oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, glutathione, and superoxide dismutase), pro-apoptotic caspase-3, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, and pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha cytokine level measurements. Results: The MCAO model successfully replicated IR injury with significant histopathological changes, elevated tissue oxidative stress, and upregulated apoptotic and inflammatory protein expression in IR group compared to control group (p < 0.001). All parameters were significantly alleviated in IRr group compared to IR group (all p < 0.05). In IRu group, all parameters except for caspase-3 and Bcl-2 were also significantly different than IR group (all p < 0.05). The IRc group showed the biggest difference compared to IR group in all parameters (all p < 0.001). The IRc had higher superoxide dismutase and Bcl-2 levels, and lower caspase-3 levels compared to both IRr and IRu groups (all p < 0.05). Also, the IRc group had lower MDA and TNF-alpha levels compared to IRu group (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: The results indicate that combined treatment of resveratrol and urapidil may be a novel strategy to downregulate neurodegeneration in cerebral IR injury.Öğe Neuroprotective Potential of a Novel Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator the Riociguat Alone or in a Combination Manner with Resveratrol in Experimental Stroke Model in Rats(Soc Chilena Anatomia, 2024) Aslanoglu, Baris; Kaya, Seval; Gunara, Sezer Onur; Atlas, Burak; Seker, Ugur; Guzel, Baris Can; Turan, YahyaIn this study we aimed to examine the effect of novel vasodilatory drug Riociguat co-administration along resveratrol to recover neurodegeneration in experimental stroke injury. For that purpose, thirty-five adult female rats were divided into groups five (Control, MCAO, MCAO + R, MCAO + BAY, MCAO + C) of seven animals in each. Animals in Control group did not expose to any application during the experiment and sacrificed at the end of the study. Rats in the rest groups exposed to middle cerebral artery occlusionO) (MCAinduced ischemic stroke. MCAO + R group received 30 mg/kg resveratrol, and MCAO + BAY group received 10 mg/kg Riociguat. The MCAO + C group received both drugs simultaneously. The drugs were administered just before the reperfusion, and the additional e doses weradministered 24h, and 48h hours of reperfusion. All animals in this study were sacrificed at the 72nd hour of experiment. Total brainsreceived were for analysis. Results of this experiment indicated that MCAO led to severe injury in cerebral structure. Bax, IL-6 and IL-1 ss levelstissue were upregulated, but anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 immunoexpression was suppressed (p<0.05). In resveratrol and Riociguat treated animals, the neurodegenerations and apoptosis and inflammation associated protein expressions were improved compared to MCAO group, mosbut the success was obtained in combined treatment exposed animals in MCAO + C group. This study indicated that the novel solubleate guany cyclase stimulator Riociguat is not only a potent neuroprotective drug in MCAO induced stroke, but also synergistic administratio of Riociguat along with resveratrol have potential to increase the neuroprotective effect of resveratrol in experimental cerebral strokeosed rats.Öğe Prenatal (Second Trimester and Third Trimester) and Postnatal (Third and Fourth Week After Birth) Developmental Radiological Investigation of Sheep Skulls(Wiley, 2024) Guzel, Baris Can; Isbilir, FatmaThe skull is a complex, vital structure made up of many bones. It has been observed that studies on skulls help to determine species and sex. In recent years, craniometric studies have been frequently used to determine morphometric features in animals. In our study, 150 skulls were studied, 50 from the second trimester (25 males and 25 females), 50 from the third trimester (25 males and 25 females), and 50 from the third and fourth week after birth (25 males and 25 females). The skulls were sectioned by computerised tomography and stored in DICOM format. From the images, nine different measurements and five index calculations were made. The similarities and differences between species were determined by ignoring sex differences. Correlation analyses were performed to compare measurement parameters between animal species. In addition, the results of statistical analyses between sexes were evaluated without species distinction. SL, CW and ICI parameters were highly statistically significant between measurements in the second trimester, third trimester and postnatal group (p < 0.01). In the third trimester, the EHC measurement parameter was found to be highly significant between males and female (p < 0.01). In Table 5, the CL parameter was positively correlated with CW, IHC, EHC, ILC, ELC, FMW and FMH. There are very few studies on foetal development. It is predicted that the data obtained can be used in zoo-archaeology, anatomy, surgery and forensic medicine. In addition, radiographic determination of craniometric features will help in the treatment and prognosis of diseases.Öğe Radiological examination of the skull of Siirt-coloured mohair goat, Romanov and Hamdani sheep(Wiley, 2023) Guzel, Baris Can; Isbilir, FatmaThe skull is a vitally important complex structure formed by the combination of many bones. Craniometric studies are performed with various imaging methods to deter- mine morphometric characteristics in animals. One of these methods is radiogra- phy. In our study, skulls of 14 Hamdani sheep, 20 Siirt-coloured mohair goats and 20 Romanov sheep breeds were used. Skull sections were taken with a computed tomog- raphy device and saved in DICOM format. Nine separate measurements and six index calculations were made from the images. In the study, firstly, the gender difference was ignored and the similarities and differences between the species were recorded. In addition, gender differences were determined statistically, without making any distinction between species. Correlation analysis was performed to compare meas- urement parameters between animal species. As a result of the study, the highest skull length (SL) and cranial length (CL) values were determined in the Siirt-coloured mohair goat. It was determined that the difference between Romanov sheep and Siirt-coloured mohair goat in CL parameter was not statistically significant (p> 0.05). In ad- dition, a statistically significant difference was observed between the Romanov sheep breed and the Hamdani sheep breed (p < 0.01). The external length of the cranium (ELC) measurement parameter was found to have a statistically significant difference in three animals (p < 0.01). According to the results of the correlation analysis, the highest correlation value was determined between cranial width (CW) and CL param- eters (r= 0.920). When the species difference was ignored, and the statistical differ- ence of the internal height of the cranium (IHC) parameter was found to be significant between female and male animals (p < 0.05). In addition, it was determined that SL, CW and internal cranium index (ICI) parameters had a significant difference depend- ing on sex (p < 0.01). It is foreseen that the obtained data can be used in sciences such as zoo archaeology, anatomy, surgery and forensic medicine.Öğe Regulation of STAT3 and NF-κB signaling pathways by trans-Anethole in testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury and its gonadoprotective effect(MRE Press, 2024) Seker, Ugur; Gökçe, Yasin; Kati, Bulent; Yuksel, Meral; Guzel, Baris Can; Shokoohi, MajidTesticular ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury is a significant urological problem where clinical interventions may be inadequate, and the antioxidants might be potential co-treatment modalities. This study examined the gonadoprotective effect of trans-Anethole in testicular I/R injury. Twenty-eight male rats were divided into four groups. Rats in the I/R, I/R + t100, I/R + t200 groups underwent bilateral testicular I/R injury. The I/R + t100 and I/R + t200 groups received 100 or 200 mg/kg trans-Anethole at the 2nd hour of ischemia. Microscopic evaluations demonstrated that testicular I/R injury leads to severe testicular degeneration. Tissue oxidative stress, pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 associated X (Bax) and Caspase 3, pro-inflammatory Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-?), Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1?) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) cytokines levels were significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated when compared to the Control group. Additionally, transcription factors Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-?B) levels increased significantly (p < 0.05) compared to the Control group. Tissue disrupted parameters in the I/R + t200 group were significantly different (p < 0.05) from the I/R group, contrasting with the slight improvement in the I/R + t100 group. The STAT3 and NF-?B expression levels in the I/R + t200 group were significantly suppressed (p < 0.05) compared to the I/R group. In conclusion, our study indicates that trans-Anethole could enhance gonadoprotective activity in testicular I/R injury, potentially involving transcription factors STAT3 and NF-?B. However, before the consumption of trans-Anethole-containing natural or manufactured goods, the potential benefits and side effects should be carefully evaluated. © 2024 The Author(s).Öğe Size and shape of the neurocranium of laying chicken breeds(Elsevier, 2024) Guzel, Baris Can; Manuta, Nicoleta; Unal, Burak; Ruzhanova-Gospodinova, Iliana Stefanova; Duro, Sokol; Gundemir, Ozan; Szara, TomaszThe neurocranium in birds provides valuable insights into their morphological diversity, including adaptations related to brain size, facial shaping, and environmental factors. This study analyzes the neurocranial shape characteristics and size of chickens with similar genetic backgrounds. By examining the neurocranial shape variation in chickens of the same age and sex, the study aims to understand the factors contributing to morphological diversity within this specific group. 3D geometric morphometrics was used to analyze 235 neurocrania from four chicken breeds. The analysis revealed significant differences in centroid size among the chicken breeds. The largest neurocranium centroid size was found in Sasso chickens., which were statistically separated from Atak-S. Additionally, centroid size effectively differentiates between Lohmann Brown and Lohmann Sandy chicken breeds. The most significant shape variation concerned the width of the rostral part of the frontal bone. However, according to the PC1 value, the shape variation was observed within rather than between groups. Lohmann Sandy chickens exhibited higher variability in neurocranial shape, suggesting greater shape diversity within this breed than others. As for shape analysis, the breeds showed closer similarity to each other. Lohmann Sandy chickens are characterized by positive PC1 value, with the rostral end of the frontal region inclined more ventrally, and a more extensive basioccipital region. Sasso chickens have a more dome-shaped middle part of the frontal region than other breeds. The study also identified the most significant shape variation among the study samples, observed at the rostral part of the frontal bone. These findings contribute to understanding the genetic and environmental influences shaping neurocranial morphology in chickens. Similar studies in different bird species and subspecies offer valuable insights into avian biology and adaptation.Öğe Stereological and computed tomography calculation of intracranial volume in Hamdani sheep(Wiley, 2024) Kocyigit, Ali; Demircioglu, Ismail; Guzel, Baris CanThe intracranial cavity contains vital organs such as the brain, cerebellum and meninges. The veterinary field employment in this region is limited. For this reason, obtaining information about the intracranial cavity, the operation to be performed on this region and information about the world will benefit our unit. It aimed to examine the width between gender differences and expectations by calculating the intracranial volume stereological and 3D models using computed tomography sections. In the study, 7 male and 6 female adult Hamdani sheep were used. The intracranial cavity was modelled in 3D using computed tomography sections. Intracranial volume was estimated using CT slices according to the Cavalieri principle. Morphometric measurements were obtained from the intracranial cavity. In the study, intracranial volume was calculated as 120.50 +/- 7.59 cm(3) in females and 137.29 +/- 9.79 cm(3) in males in measurements made using Computed Tomography. Intracranial volume calculation-made using the Cavalieri's principle was calculated as 125.33 +/- 5.20cm(3) in females and 136.89 +/- 9.13 cm(3 )in males. In the configured CT models, a target difference was detected between the male and female volume values calculated on it (p< 0.05). There was a difference between males and females in stereologically viable intracranial volume (p< 0.05). A high level of density was observed between the results of both methods. In the mean of the data, there was no difference between the objectives (p> 0.05). Morphometric measurements determined that the maximum cranial cavity-width parameter was between females and males (p< 0.005). In index1 and index2 calculated with the obtained partitions, a circulating difference between genders was observed (p< 0.05). In the resulting state, the 3- dimensional intracranial cavity models and the intracranial volume fraction estimated by the Cavalieri principle are conserved. There are high limits between the methods. Feeding future intracranial volume and clinical care.Öğe Three-dimensional modelling and morphometric analysis of skull of badger (Meles meles) with computed tomography images(Wiley, 2024) Kanmaz, Yesim Aslan; Guzel, Baris Can; Baygeldi, Saime Betuel; Karan, MeryemBackground: Morphometric measurements help to understand the skull morphology in different animal species, detect skull deformations and figure out their causes. Objectives: The aim of this study is to make a three-dimensional (3D) modelling of the badger skull using computed tomography, to show its anatomical structures and to reveal the morphometric measurement values. Methods: Skull measurements were carried out using a digital calliper at 27 measurement points based on metric measurement points. After the scanned images were stored in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine format, they were transferred to MIMICS 20.1 (The Materialize Group) programme and 3D models the skulls were created. The surface area and volume values of the skulls were calculated on these models. Results: The volume and surface area parameters were expressed as mean +/- SE. Four different indices were calculated using osteometric measurements. Statistical analyses were made by determining the mean value and standard deviation of the examined properties and the correlation coefficients among these properties. In the metric measurement points taken as a basis, the longest measurement in the skulls was the total length and its mean value was 124.60 +/- 0.64 mm. The shortest measurement was the breadth dorsal to the external auditory meatus, and its mean value was 6.75 +/- 0.24 mm. Conclusions: Consequently, statistical differences in the craniometric values of badgers' skulls were determined by using CT and 3D modelling software. In addition, it was concluded that the badger skull can be easily distinguished from other carnivore species by carrying out morphometric measurements.
