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Öğe A Study on Determination of Energy Productivity and Greenhouse Gas Emissions in Wheat Production(2024) Demirel, Mehmet Hüseyin; Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Gökdoğan, OsmanIn this study, energy use efficiency (EUE) and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in wheat production were defined, and the energy equivalents (EE) of the inputs in production per unit production area, EUE and GHG values of the product were computed. The data used in the study were obtained from 175 different wheat producing enterprises in 2021 by conducting face-to-face surveys according to the proportional sampling method. In the study, the amount of direct (DE) and indirect energy (IE) use in wheat production and their shares in total energy consumption were defined. According to the results of the study, total energy input (EI) in wheat production was com-puted as 19,024.21 MJ/ha and energy output (EO) as 80,585.40 MJ/ha. It was defined that the input with the highest energy consumption was fertili-zation with a value of 8748.38 MJ/ha. This was followed by seed energy input 4626.79 MJ/ha (24.32%), fuel energy 2697.25 MJ/ha (14.18%), irriga-tion energy 2362.50 MJ/ha (12.42%), chemicals energy 269.19 MJ/ha (1.41%), machinery energy 309.52 MJ/ha (1.63%), human labor energy 10.58 MJ/ha (0.06%). EUE, energy productivity (EP), specific energy (SE) and net energy (NE) yield values were 4.24, 0.29 kg/MJ, 3.47 MJ/kg and 61561.19 MJ/ha, respectively. Total GHG emission for wheat production was computed as 3784.60 kgCO2-eq/ha. The highest share of total GHG emissions belonged to seed (59.41%). Seed was followed by irrigation (16.84%), nitrogen fertilizer use (14.60%), phosphate fertilizer use (3.99%), fuel use (3.49%), chemicals use (0.98%), machinery use (0.58%) and hu-man labor (0.10%). In addition, the GHG ratio in wheat production was computed as 0.69 kgCO2-eq/ha.Öğe Determination of Energy Balance in Pumpkin Seed (Cucurbita pepo L.) Production(2020) Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Gökdoğan, OsmanIn this study was purposed to define an energy balance of pumpkin seed production in Kavaklı town of Kırklareli province in Turkey.In order to define the energy balance of pumpkin seed production in dry conditions, trials and measurement were applied in pumpkinseed farm in the Kavaklı town of Kırklareli province. Human labour energy, machinery energy, diesel fuel energy, chemical fertilizersenergy and seed energy were computed as energy inputs. The pumpkin seedswere computed as output energy. The energy input andoutput were computed as 10022.42 MJ $ha^{-1}$and as 9611.25 MJ $ha^{-1}$ in pumpkin seed production. Energy inputs consist respectively forchemical fertilizers energy by 5266.50 MJ $ha^{-1}$(52.55%), diesel fuel energy by 3375.78 MJ $ha^{-1}$(33.68%), machinery energy by805.46 MJ $ha^{-1}$(8.04%), human labour energy by 429.04 MJ $ha^{-1}$(4.28%) and seed energy by 145.63 MJ $ha^{-1}$(1.45%). Energyefficiency, specific energy, energy productivity and net energy in pumpkin seed production were computed respectively as 0.96, 12.15MJ $kg^{-1}$, 0.08 kg MJ-1 and (-) 411.17 MJ $ha^{-1}$. 94.27% of total energy inputs in the production of pumpkin seed consisted of nonrenewable energy input.Öğe Determination of Energy Use Efficiency and Greenhouse Gas Emission (GHG) of Cotton Cultivation in Batman Province: A Case Study from Beşiri District(2022) Baran, Mehmet Fırat; Gökdoğan, OsmanIn this research, the energy use efficiency (EUE) and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) of cotton cultivation in Beşiri district of Batman province in Turkey were determined. This research was conducted through face-to-face surveys with 64 farms selected by simple random sampling method in the 2018-2019 cultivation season. The energy input (EI) and energy output (EO) in cotton cultivation were calculated as 52,302.62 MJ/ha and 60,341.03 MJ/ha. Energy inputs consist of electricity energy with 19,948.86 MJ/ha(38.14%), chemical fertilizers energy with 14,163.83 MJ/ha (27.08%), diesel fuel energy with 13,218.49 (25.27%), irrigation water energy with 2563.79 MJ/ha(4.90%), machinery energy with 1071.14 MJ/ha(2.05%), chemicals energy with 797.96 MJ/ha (1.53%), seed en- ergy with 291.46 MJ/ha (0.56%) and human labour energy with 247.09 MJ/ha(0.47%), respectively. Total energy inputs in cotton cultivation can be cat- egorized as 68.79% direct, 31.21% indirect, 5.93% renewable and 94.07% non- renewable. EUE, specific energy (SE), energy productivity (EP) and net energy (NE) in cotton cultivation were calculated as 1.15, 10.23 MJ/kg, 0.10 kg /MJ and 8038.41 MJ/ ha, respectively. Total GHG was calculated as 3742.59 kgCO2-eq ha-1 for cotton cultivation with the greatest share taken by nitrogen (26.19%). Nitrogen was followed by electricity (24.73%), irrigation water (18.48%), diesel fuel (17.31%), seed (5.04%), chemicals (2.93%), phosphorous (2.74%), human labour (2.36%), potassium (0.19%) and machinery (0.03%), respectively. GHG ratio value was calculated as 0.73 kgCO2-eq kg-1 in cotton cultivation.