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    A comparison of management planning principles of wetland ecosystem (the Delta of Bendimahi) and mountain ecosystem (Mountain of Ispiriz) in the Van Lake Basin/Turkey
    (2013) Durmuş, Atilla; Alp, Şevket; Adizel, Özdemir; Ünal, Murat; Karabacak, Osman; Demirci, Emin Yaşar; Erman, Murat
    Van Lake Basin which is an important and different part of East Anatolia Region possesses important biological richness due to its geological, climatic, geographical and topographical varieties. In the region, Van Lake which is located between high mountains has led to the formation of a different climate which has resulted in different vegetation and formation of important wetlands. In the basin lies Ispiriz Mountain which is one of the important natural fields and Delta of Bendimahi which is an important part of the basin. Although the flora of Ispiriz Mountain has not been thoroughly studied, 35 of the plants which have been recorded from the area are classified as endemic, whilst 50 of them have been classified as rare plants. 15 of endemic plants have been collected from Ispriz Mountain and introduced to the world. 9 of these plants are endemic plants which have been recorded from a narrow area of Ispiriz Mountain. In the Delta of Bendimahi, there are 188 bird species. 68 of these birds are local, 80 of them migrant, 20 of them winter visitor, 15 of them transit migrant and 2 of them are determined to be coincidental. In this study, together with the socio-economic structure of Delta of Bendimahi which is wetland ecosystem and Mountain of Ispiriz which is mountain ecosystem, the existing relations and problems between natural resources have been determined. According to the gathered information, basic principles of management planning of both regions have been determined. In the presentation, the characteristics of both regions and similarities and differences between the two regions would be touched upon in terms of management of natural resources. It has been determined that the security and economical problems of the region have caused different difficulties in terms of studies which have aimed to determine natural resources in both ecosystems.
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    Alterations in Growth and Yield of Camelina Induced by Different Planting Densities under Water Deficit Stress
    (Tech Science Press, 2020) Waraich, Ejaz Ahmad; Ahmed, Zeeshan; Ahmad, Zahoor; Ahmad, Rashid; Erman, Murat; Cig, Fatih; El Sabagh, Ayman
    Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) is famous for its oil quality and unique fatty acid pattern. Growth and yield of crops reduced under water deficit conditions. Environmental threat such as drought or water deficit condition is the emerging problem which creates the negative impact on the growth of plants. Based upon the current situation a pot study was performed in rain out-shelter to explore the effect of different plant densities (15, 10 and 5 plants per pot) on growth and seed yield of two camelina genotypes under normal (100% WHC) and water deficit (60% WHC) conditions by using completely randomized design with factorial arrangement having three replicates. Results indicated that individual effects of plant densities and water deficit stress levels considerably influenced the growth and seed yield of camelina but interaction effects did not indicate any significant variation. Maximum values of leaf area index (LAI) and crop growth rate (CGR) were recorded in P-3 treatment (15 plants per pot). However, maximum values of leaf area duration (LAD), net assimilation rate (NAR), yield and yield components were observed in the treatment P-1 (5 plants per pot). Water deficit condition (60% WHC) significantly minimized the growth, seed yield (0.82 g/m(2)) and yield components of camelina genotypes. Both camelina genotypes (611 and 618) did not differ significantly under water deficit conditions.
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    Bazı nohut çeşitlerinin Siirt ili ekolojik koşullarındaki adaptasyonunun belirlenmesi
    (2021) Erden, Zeki; Erman, Murat; Ölmez, Mustafa; Çöçen, Erdoğan
    Amaç: Türkiye dünyanın önemli nohut üreticisi ülkelerinden olmakla birlikte, üretim ve ticaret istatistikleri nohut üretim alanlarının artırılması gerektiğini göstermektedir. Nohut tarımı yapılacak bölgelerde, çevresel faktörlere uygun çeşitlerin belirlenmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Siirt ili ülkemizde nohut üretiminin yaygınlaştırılabileceği iller arasında yer almaktadır. Standart tescilli çeşitlerin ildeki adaptasyonunun belirlenmesi doğru çeşit seçiminde faydalı olacaktır. Bu çalışmada tescilli 14 farklı nohut çeşidinin Siirt ili ekolojik koşullarındaki adaptasyonunun belirlenerek, yöreye uygun çeşit tavsiyesinin yapılması amaçlanmıştır.Materyal ve Yöntem: Çalışma Siirt ili Aydınlar ilçesinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmanın materyalini; Aziziye 94, Aksu, Çağatay, İnci, Güney Sarısı (ILC 482), Diyar 95, Işık 05, Yaşar 05, Canıtez 87, Hisar, Uzunlu 99, Akçin 91, Küsmen 99 ve Gökçe nohut çeşitleri oluşturmuştur. Çalışma tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada bitkilerin fenolojik ve morfolojik gelişimleri ile verim değerleri belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler Duncan çoklu karşılaştırma testi ile varyans analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Araştırma Bulguları: Çeşitlerin ortalama çıkış süreleri 20.3-22.7 gün, yetişme süreleri ise 111.0 - 115.0 gün arasında değişmiştir. Bitki boyu değerleri 38.1-52.8 cm, bitkide bakla sayısı 8.0-19.3 adet, bitkide tane verimi 3.60-6.83 g, tane verimi 85.7-200.5 kg/da, yüz tane ağırlığı 27.93- 40.70 g, hasat indeksi değerleri ise %37.40-44.53 arasında değişmiştir.Sonuç: Çalışma sonunda bitkide tane verimi, yüz tane ağırlığı ve hasat indeksi değerleri bakımından en yüksek değerlerin elde edildiği Işık-05 çeşidinin bölge için tavsiye edilebilir olduğu belirlenmiştir.
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    Bitki Gelişimi ve Stres Toleransının Geliştirilmesi Üzerine Sürdürülebilir Bir Strateji: Priming Tekniği
    (2021) Ceritoğlu, Mustafa; Erman, Murat; Çığ, Fatih; Şahin, Sezer; Acar, Abdulkadir
    Priming tekniği, tohumun ekim öncesinde su veya düşük ozmotik potansiyele sahip çözelti içerisinde belirli bir süre ve sıcaklık altında bekletilerek tekrar kurutulması esasına dayanır. Priming uygulanan tohumlar kurutulduktan sonra direk ekilebilir veya priming uygulamalarının pragmatik etkilerini kaybetmemek suretiyle düşük sıcaklıklarda uzun süre depolanabilir. Genel olarak en çok kullanılan priming teknikleri hidro-priming, ozmo-priming, halo-priming, katı matriks priming, hormonal priming, nano-priming ve biyo-priming olarak sıralanabilir. Priming tekniği, uygulanan tohumlarda çimlenme sürecindeki karakterlerin iyileştirilmesine, bitki gelişimi ve ürün veriminin teşvik edilmesine, çeşitli biyotik ve abiyotik stres faktörlerine karşı toleransın geliştirilmesine katkı sağlamaktadır. Priming uygulamalarında başarının artırılmasına doğrudan etkili faktörlerin başında kullanılan çözeltinin yoğunluğu, tohum/çözelti oranı, priming süresi, havalandırma, ortam sıcaklığı, kurutma, depolama ortamının sıcaklığı ve depolama süresi gelmektedir. Tohum kaplama teknolojisinin priming tekniği ile birleştirilmesi amacıyla yürütülen çalışmalar tarımda sürdürülebilir yaklaşım açısından son derece önemlidir. Ek olarak, biyo-priming uygulamalarının tohum kaplama tekniğinde kullanılabilmesi ve depolama süresinin uzatılmasına yönelik çalışmalar artarak devam etmektedir. Böylece, kimyasal girdilerin ve ekosisteme olan zararlarının azaltılması noktasında devrim niteliğinde bir değişimin başlangıcı olacağı öngörülmektedir. Bu derlemenin amacı; i) Priming tekniklerinin bitki gelişimi ve stres toleransının geliştirilmesi üzerine kullanım olanaklarını değerlendirmek, ii) Bitkilerde stres mekanizmasının ve priming tekniklerinin stres yönetimi açısından avantajlarının anlaşılmasını sağlamak, ve iii) Yeni teknolojik ve bilimsel uygulamaların priming tekniği ile kullanımlarını incelemektir.
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    Combined Application of Microbial Inoculation and Biochar to Mitigate Drought Stress in Wheat
    (2021) Çığ, Fatih; Erman, Murat; Ceritoğlu, Mustafa
    Drought stress spearheads the main factors threatening food security. Although many strategies might use for stress management, microbial inoculation with plant growth promoting bacterias (PGPBs) which have ACC deaminase activity and biochar amendment which is an effective way to increase soil carbon stock, improve soil physiological and biological properties are sustainable and easy- applicable methods. The experiment was laid out in a 3x10 factorial design with three replications under controlled conditions in 2020. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of microbial inoculation (MI: TV24C + TV126C + TV61C) and biochar amendments (1%BC, 2%BC and 4%BC) on growth of wheat seedlings under different irrigation levels (IL1: 80%, IL2: %50 and IL3: 25%). While biochar applications and microbial inoculation backed up to plants to alleviate drought stress, most effective results were obtained with combined applications of them. The combined application of 4% biochar+microbial inoculation increased plant height, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root fresh weight and root dry weight up to 28.3%, 56.8%, 72.2%, 141.3% and 112.8% compared with control plants while it improved them up to 4.9%, 10.3%, 16.6%, 21.1% and 40.3% compared with optimum synthetic fertilizer under drought conditions, respectively. In conclusion, biochar applications with microbial inoculations can be considered as an effective method to cope with the destructive effects of drought.
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    COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GROWTH, PHYSIOLOGY AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF CAMELINA (CAMELINA SATIVA L.) AND CANOLA (BRASSICA NAPUS L.) UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES
    (Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2020) Waraich, Ejaz Ahmad; Ahmad, Riaz; Ahmad, Rashid; Ahmad, Zeeshan; Ahmad, Zahoor; Barutcular, Celaleddin; Erman, Murat
    Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) is an alternative oilseed crop having several attractive features making it a potential oilseed crop. To assess the physiology, growth and yield responses of different genotypes of camelina and canola crops under various irrigation regimes two field trials were conducted for consecutive growing seasons in 2013-14 and 2014-15. Randomized complete block design (RCBD with factorial arrangements was adopted. In this experiment two camelina genotypes (Camelina-611 and Camelina-618), and two canola genotypes (Punjab sarsoon and Faisal canola) were used with four levels of irrigations I-0 (two irrigations: 1st at vegetative stage and 2nd at reproductive stage), I-1 (one irrigation at vegetative stage), I-2 (one irrigation at reproductive stage), and I-3 (no irrigation). The results revealed that the maximum values of leaf gas exchange traits, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, leaf water relation, yield and yield components were noted when two irrigations (I-0) were applied and it was followed by one irrigation at vegetative stage (I-1). However, the minimum values of these traits were recorded in water deficit plants that received no irrigation (I-3). Among the genotypes Camelina-618 relatively performed well as compared to other genotypes regarding all the recorded parameters (leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, leaf water relation, yield and yield components) under both well-watered and water stressed conditions.
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    Determination of Optimum PGPB-Priming Protocol on Germination and Seedling Growth in Lentil
    (2022) Erman, Murat; Çığ, Fatih; Ceritoğlu, Mustafa
    Plant growth promoting bacterias (PGPBs) can be described as bacterial strains increasing water and nutrient uptake, gaining nitrogen and phosphorus to plants by biological nitrogen fixation and phosphate mineralization, promoting plant growth and enabling to improve the tolerance to stress factors due to mechanisms as secretion of various phytohormones, vitamins and growth regulators, restriction of ethylene synthesis with ACC deaminase activity, decreasing of pathogen damage by the secret of antibiotic and fungicidal compounds. This study was carried out in a laboratory of Field crops in Siirt University under controlled conditions. The 2 original bacterial strains (KF3B and KF63C) and 5 different priming times (control, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h) were applied on the Fırat-87 lentil variety. The study was laid out in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. It was aimed with this study that investigating effects based on bacterial biodiversity and priming time on germination characteristics and seedling growth in lentils. According to results, biodiversity-induced differences were observed in germination percentage, seedling fresh weight, seedling dry weight, seedling length and seedling vigor index while priming time significantly affected all investigated parameters except for germination percentage. However, the interaction of strains and priming times did not lead to any significant differences in traits. In conclusion, microbial diversity and priming time have a critical role on successful of the priming technique. Optimum priming time for lentils was determined as 4 hours. Besides, the strain of KF63C had a noteworthy stimulative effect on especially seedling growth in the experiment.
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    Determination of Some Agronomic Traits and Their Correlation with Yield Components in Cowpea
    (2020) Ceritoğlu, Mustafa; Erman, Murat
    Cowpea is one of the vital grain legumes used for human and animal nutrition. Due to its rich protein content, cowpea supplies the protein requirement, espe-cially in the African continent. Although cowpea is morphologically similar to common bean, it is a more tolerant species to heat and drought conditions. So, cowpea production has various advantages in semi-arid regions. The aim of this study was to determine some agronomic traits of used cowpea genotypes and evaluate their correlations with yield components. Plant height (PH), stem diameter (SD), leaf surface temperature (LST), total chlorophyll content (TCC), number of pods per plant (NP), number of seeds per plant (NS) and seed yield (SY) changed between 54.6-91.3 cm, 3.1-7.6 mm, 27.9-31.7 °C, 39-56.1%, 25.7-49.1, 307.5-684 and 646-2381 kg ha-, respectively. It is no-teworthy that Karagöz produced the maximum SY compared to the other varie-ties. Besides, it was determined that SY has positive significant correlation with NS (r=0.98**), NP (r=0.96**), TCC (r=0.93**), SD (r=0.91**) and PH (r=0.86**).
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    DIVERSITY AND METABOLIC POTENTIAL OF CULTURABLE N2-FIXING AND P-SOLUBILISING BACTERIA FROM RHIZOSPHERE OF WILD CROPS IN VAN LAKE BASIN -TURKEY
    (Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2024) Erman, Murat; Kotan, Recep; Cakmakci, Ramazan; Cig, Fatih; Karagoez, Kenan; Soenmez, Ferit; EL Sabagh, Ayman
    The diversity of phosphate solubilizing and nitrogen -fixing bacteria from rhizospheric soil samples of different plant species (native wild cereals, beet, stonecrops, onion, rose, raspberry, and 10 other plant genera) grown at four different locations in the Van Lake Basin, Turkey were investigated. A total of 169 rhizosperic soil samples were gathered from these plant species, and over 777 rhizoplane bacteria were haphazardly selected from agar -solidified trypticase soy broth and examined for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) reports. As a result, 57 bacterial genera were recognised, which 64.8% gone to five genera viz., Bacillus (29.6%), Pseudomonas (9.8%), Stenotrophomonas (9.7%), Paenibacillus (5.7%), Micrococcus (5.1%), and Arthrobacter (4.9%). Approximately 56.8% of bacteria were found to be gram -positive (GPB), while 43.2% as gram -negative bacteria (GNB). In the of total GPB, 56.3% were N2 -fixing bacteria and 46.6% were P-solubilising bacteria, while in the case of GNB, 43.7% were N2 -fixing bacteria and 53.4% were P-solubilising bacteria. A total of 651 bacteria were isolated from the rhizospheric samples of the 20 plant genera, and subjected to further analysis. Of the 651 isolates, 542 were able to fix nitrogen, 279 were able to solubilize phosphates, and 247 isolates could fix both nitrogen and solubilize phosphates all at once. Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Paenibacillus, Micrococcus, Serratia, and Pantoea genera were the most prominent N2 -fixing and P-solubilising groups. Additionally, B. megaterium, B. atrophaeus, B. cereus, B. pumilus, B. licheniformis, B. subtilis, Pb. polymyxa, Pb. macerans, Pb. macquariensis, Bb. choshinensis, Ste. maltophilia, Ps. fluorescens, Ps. putida, Ps. stutzeri, Pn. agglomerans, Mic. luteus, Rco. erythropolis, Kocuria rosea, Csb. Meningosepticum, and Serratia fonticola were the mainly frequent P-solubilising and N2 -fixing species in the native rhizosphere soils of plants.
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    Effect of deficit irrigation in different phenolocical periods on yield and yield parameters of sunflower {iieliantiils annuus l.)
    (Parlar Scientific Publications, 2020) Ucak, Ali Bevhan; Erman, Murat; Arslan, Huseyin; Arslan, Dogan
    This study was carried out to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation in different phenological periods on some yield and agronomic characteristics of sunflower (Helianlhus Annuus L.) grown under semi-arid climate conditions during 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. Irrigation treatments were full irrigation (control, Iioo), 30% water deficit (I70) and 65% water deficit (I35). The results indicated that sunflower yield significantly varied with the phenological periods and the water deficit treatments (p<0.01). For the highest water deficit (I35) condition; the highest yield (2463.33 kg ha"1), the lowest CWSI (0.53) and the highest chlorophyll content (CC) (34.33 spad) in the 2018 were recorded in vegetative period (VP), while the lowest yield (2290.00 kg ha1), the highest CWSI (0.59) and the lowest CC (32.00 spad) were obtained in the flowering period (FP). For the full irrigation condition (Iioo), the highest yield (3873.33 kg ha'1), the lowest CWSI (0.18) and the highest CC (43.33 spad) were recorded in flowering and pollination period (FPP), while the lowest yield (3796.66 kg ha"1), the highest CWSI (0.22) and the lowest CC (41.66 spad) were obtained in VP. In the second year, the highest yield (2350.00 kg ha1), the lowest CSW1 (0.52) and the highest CC (36.00 spad) for the I35 treatment were determined in VP, while the lowest yield (2350.00 kg ha1), the highest CWSI (0.58) and the lowest CC (33.00 spad) were obtained in FPP peri-od. For the Iioo treatment, the highest yield (3946.66 kg ha"1), the lowest CWSI (0.17) and the lowest CC (44,33 spad) were recorded in FPP period, while the lowest yield (3856.63 and 3886.65 kg ha1) was obtained in VP and SMP period. The results revealed a significant effect of water deficit and phenological period interaction on seed yield of sunflower. The effects of deficit irrigation in different phenological periods of sunflower on yield and yield parameters were significant. Restricted irrigation during flowering and pollination period should be avoided for an economical and profitable sunflower cultivation. The irrigation can be restricted in the vegetative period, if water deficit is a necessity. Briefly, the results proved that sunflower production is suitable for a sustainable, profitable and disease-free cultivation in semi-arid ecological conditions. © 2020 Parlar Scientific Publications. All rights reserved.
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    EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION IN DIFFERENT PHENOLOGICAL PERIODS ON YIELD AND YIELD PARAMETERS OF SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.)
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2020) Ucak, Ali Beyhan; Erman, Murat; Arslan, Huseyin; Arslan, Dogan
    This study was carried out to investigate the effects of deficit irrigation in different phenological periods on some yield and agronomic characteristics of sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.) grown under semi-arid climate conditions during 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. Irrigation treatments were full irrigation (control, I-100), 30% water deficit (I-70) and 65% water deficit (I-35). The results indicated that sunflower yield significantly varied with the phenological periods and the water deficit treatments (p <= 0.01). For the highest water deficit (I-3(5)) condition; the highest yield (2463.33 kg ha(-1)), the lowest CWSI (0.53) and the highest chlorophyll content (CC) (34.33 spad) in the 2018 were recorded in vegetative period (VP), while the lowest yield (2290.00 kg ha(-1)), the highest CWSI (0.59) and the lowest CC (32.00 spad) were obtained in the flowering period (FP). For the full irrigation condition (I-100), the highest yield (3873.33 kg ha(-1)), the lowest CWSI (0.18) and the highest CC (43.33 spad) were recorded in flowering and pollination period (FPP), while the lowest yield (3796.66 kg ha'), the highest CWSI (0.22) and the lowest CC (41.66 spad) were obtained in VP. In the second year, the highest yield (2350.00 kg ha(-1)), the lowest CSWI (0.52) and the highest CC (36.00 spad) for the 1 35 treatment were determined in VP, while the lowest yield (2350.00 kg ha(-1)), the highest CWSI (0.58) and the lowest CC (33.00 spad) were obtained in FPP period. For the I-100 treatment, the highest yield (3946.66 kg ha(-1)), the lowest CWSI (0.17) and the lowest CC (44,33 spad) were recorded in FPP period, while the lowest yield (3856.63 and 3886.65 kg ha(-1)) was obtained in VP and SMP period. The results revealed a significant effect of water deficit and phenological period interaction on seed yield of sunflower. The effects of deficit irrigation in different phenological periods of sunflower on yield and yield parameters were significant. Restricted irrigation during flowering and pollination period should be avoided for an economical and profitable sunflower cultivation. The irrigation can be restricted in the vegetative period, if water deficit is a necessity. Briefly, the results proved that sunflower production is suitable for a sustainable, profitable and disease-free cultivation in semi-arid ecological conditions.
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    Effect of Phosphorus and Molybdenum Applications on Macro and Micro Nutrient Content of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Straw and Grain
    (2024) Erman, Murat; Çığ, Fatih; Sönmez, Ferit; Cerıtoglu, Mustafa
    The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of phosphorus and molybdenum treatment on macro and micronutrient biofortification in bean. The study sheds light on the individual and interactive effects of phosphorus and molybdenum on macro and micronutrient uptake and biofortification in Phaseolus vulgaris. Three levels of phosphorus and molybdenum were used in the experiment laid out in a randomized block design with four replications. Phosphorus and molybdenum treatment promoted nitrogen accumulation in both straw and seed. Nitrogen content increased with rising phosphorus doses in straw and seed over control by 42.3% and 7.4%, respectively. Moreover, phosphorus addition increased straw manganese content while molybdenum enhanced straw manganese. In addition, 4 g Mo kg-1/seed treatment boosted seed magnesium concentration over control by 28.2%, however, no phosphorus, potassium, copper, iron, and zinc in the plant materials, likely due to the sufficient levels of these nutrients in the soil composition of the experimental area. According to results, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, manganese, copper, iron, zinc varied in straw and seed between 3.15-7.05% and 17.5-19.2%, 586-990 ppm and 1049-1355 ppm, 695-2690 ppm and 1021-1727 ppm, 5839-11162 ppm and 559-1303 ppm, 690-1474 ppm and 348-1036 ppm, 25.3-38.3 ppm and 8.29-9.29 ppm, 8.6-16.9 ppm and 11.3-19.9 ppm, 469-927 ppm and 70.2-80.3 ppm, 6.5-10.8 ppm and 17.9-23.3 ppm, respectively. Consequently, it has been determined that molybdenum supplementation is necessary along with phosphorus fertilization in areas where beans are grown, especially in acidic soils.
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    Effects of Doses and Different Applications of Salicylic Acid on Salinity Stress and Plant Growth in Broad Beans (Vicia faba L.)
    (2024) Uçar, Özge; Soysal, Sipan; Erman, Murat; Çığ, Fatih; Önder, Soner
    This study was carried out to determine the effects of different application methods and doses of salicylic acid on the first developmental stages of broad beans grown under salt stress. The experiment was carried out in the plant growth cabinet at Siirt University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Field Crops laboratory. During the investigation, the temperature of the working environment was kept at 25±3 °C. Plants were grown in 16 hours of light and 8 hours in the dark period. Three salt concentrations (0, 75 and 150 mM NaCl) and three salicylic acid (SA) concentrations (0, 0.5 and 1.0 mM SA) were applied to the plants through soil and leaves. As a pre-application, 0.5 mM SA and hydropriming were used. According to the results, germination percentage, germination index, mean germination time, stem height, root lenght, stem fresh weight, stem dry weight, root fresh weight, root dry weight and total chlorophyll content varied between 63.33-86.67%, 0.97-2.51, 3.60-6.28 day, 36.11-39.47 cm, 27.50-30.57 cm, 4.404-6.623 g, 0.473-0.555 g, 2.813-3.400 g, 2.813-3.400 g, 0.300-0.396 g and 41.0-50.6%, respectively. While salinity levels did not have a significant impact on germination characteristics, hydropriming application improved germination characteristics, but salicylic acid application had a negative effect. However, it has been observed that salicylic acid applications increase seedling development and dry matter accumulation and promote plant growth under salinity stress. As a result, it has been observed that the application of 0.5 mM salicylic acid is a useful application to improve salinity stress and promote plant growth in broad bean.
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    Effects of Leonardite Application on Yield of Broad Beans (Vicia faba L.) under Low Input Rainfed Semi-arid Mediterranean Highland Condition of Turkey
    (Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2021) Ucar, Ozge; Soysal, Sipan; Erman, Murat
    Background: This study was conducted to determine the effects of different doses of leonardite applications on yield and some yield components of spring grown broad beans (Vicia faba L.) in the ecological conditions of Siirt province in 2017 and 2019 in the experimental fields of Siirt University. Methods: The study was established in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Tested leonardite doses were 0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 kg ha(-1). Conclusion: The effect of leonardite doses on all of the investigated properties was found statistically significant. According to the results, plant height, first pod height, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 100 grain weight and grain yields were varied between 45.7-61.3 cm, 10.1-13.2 cm, 5.03-8.00 pieces per plant, 2.63-4.03 pieces per pod, 115.6-131.7 g and 1659-1808 kg ha(-1), respectively. In terms of all examined properties in this research, 1000 kg ha(-1) leonardite application produced the best result. According to the results obtained from this research, 1000 kg ha(-1) leonardite application was recommended for broad bean cultivation in the semi-arid Mediterranean climate conditions on highlands.
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    Effects of Vermicompost on Plant Growth and Soil Structure
    (mustafa ceritoglu, 16.08.2018) Ceritoglu, Mustafa; Şahin, Sezer; Erman, Murat
    Vermicompost is the name given to organic material in which virtually any organic waste is converted into a useful fertilizer and effective soil conditioner. Chemical substances that have been used intensively for many years have adversely affected soil fertility and microbial activity. Vermicompost products confer plant nutrient elements, various hormones, enzymes, humic substances and especially organic matter to the soil. Thus it improves the soil structure while preparing a suitable environment for plant growth as well. It is a material with high water holding capacity and cation exchange capacity. It also has a positive effect on the ventilation of the soil. It also helps plants to more effi-ciently utilize plant nutrients in the soil. The average organic matter content of our country's soils is quite low (2% or less). For all these reasons the use of vermicompost should be encouraged. The aim of this study is to give infor-mation about the properties of vermicomposts, and its effects on plant growth and soil structure and to provide a current literature source.
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    Enhancement of Root System Architecture, Seedling Growth, and Germination in Lentil under Salinity Stress by Seed Priming with Silicon and Salicylic Acid
    (Hard, 2023) Ceritoglu, Mustafa; Erman, Murat; Cig, Fatih; Ceritoglu, Figen; Ucar, Ozge; Soysal, Sipan; EL Sabagh, Ayman
    To deal with increasing salinization, plants show an array of responses such as root system architecture remodelling, thereby enhancing stress tolerance. Although various chemical, molecular and genetic techniques such that generally expensive and difficult applications are used to enhance stress tolerance, out of them, seed priming with suitable substrates is an easy-applicable and cost-effective treatment. The experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of salicylic acid (SA), silicon (Si), and sodium chloride (NaCl) priming on lentil seed germination parameters, seedling development, and root system architecture. In 2022, the experiment was carried out in the Field Crops Department laboratory at Siirt University in Turkey. Petri and pot investigations were part of the two stages of the experiment. Three concentrations of NaCl and priming treatments were utilized. Germination characteristics were impeded by rising saline levels. But seed priming, which boosted uniformity of germination by 50% as compared to unprimed seeds under saline stress, enhanced germination characteristics. A pot experiment revealed that the dry matter accumulation in roots was reduced by 24.6% due to salt stress. Si priming increased number of lateral roots by 32.6% compared to control seeds, whereas salt stress lowered it by 22.8%. The total length of lateral roots (TLLR) and mean length of lateral roots (MLLR) were inhibited by salinity stress by 75% and 63, respectively. Total root area was reduced by salinity stress by almost 70%, although seed priming increased it by as much as 29.3%. The SA and Si priming treatments improved germination stage and induced seedling growth by reducing salinity stress via more effective shoot development and root system architecture. In conclusion, seed priming with SA and Si is an affordable and sustainable method for reducing salt stress in lentil farming.
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    Öğe
    Enhancing Drought Tolerance in Wheat through Improving Morpho-Physiological and Antioxidants Activities of Plants by the Supplementation of Foliar Silicon
    (Tech Science Press, 2020) Ahmad, Zahoor; Waraich, Ejaz Ahmad; Barutcular, Celaleddin; Hossain, Akbar; Erman, Murat; Cig, Fatih; Gharib, Hany
    The main objective of the research is to assess the role of foliar application of silicon (Si) for enhancing the survival ability of wheat under drought stress through improving its morphology, physicochemical and antioxidants activities. Treatments were five doses of Si at the rate of 2, 4, 6 and 8 mM and a control. After completion of seeds germination, pots were divided into four distinct groups at various field capacity (FC) levels, such as 100% FC (well-irrigated condition), 75% FC (slight water deficit), 50% FC (modest water deficit) and 25% FC (severe water deficit stress condition). Foliar application of Si at the rate of 2, 4, 6 and 8 mM and a control were given after 30 days of sowing at the tillering stage of wheat. Findings of the present investigation indicated that increasing the level of water deficit stress reduced the morphological parameters (such as root and shoot fresh and dry-biomass weight) and physico-biochemical events ((such as chlorophyll contents by estimating SPAD value), total free amino acid (TFAA), total soluble sugar (TSS), total soluble protein (TSP), total proline (TP), CAT (catalase), POD (peroxidase), SOD (superoxide dismutase) and APX (ascorbate peroxidase)) of wheat; while foliar application of Si at 6 mM at tillering stage enhanced the drought tolerance in wheat by increasing morphology and physiochemical characters under all levels of drought stress. Similarly, antioxidants activities in wheat also enhanced by the application of Si at 6 mM under normal as well as all drought stress levels. Therefore, it may be concluded that foliar application of Si at 6 mM at the tillering stage of wheat is an important indication for increasing the drought tolerance by improving the morphology, physico-biochemical and antioxidants activities in plants under deficit water (drought) conditions.
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    Öğe
    Farklı Leonardit Dozlarının Nohut (Cicer arietinum L.)’un Verim veBazı Verim Özelliklerine Etkileri
    (2020) Uçar, Özge; Soysal, Sipan; Erman, Murat
    Bu çalışma Siirt ili ekolojik koşullarında leonardit uygulamalarının nohutun verim ve bazı verim özelliklerine etkilerini belirlemeküzere 2018-2019 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Denemedenohut tohumu olarak Azkan çeşidi kullanılmıştır. Leonardit dozları 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 ve 125 kg da-1 olacak şekilde uygulamayapılmıştır. Araştırmada uygulamaların bitki boyu, ilk bakla yüksekliği, bitkide bakla sayısı, bitkide tane sayısı, 100-tane ağırlığı vetane verimi özelliklerine etkileri istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre bitki boyu 51,0-57,5 cm, ilkbakla yüksekliği 27,9-33,1 cm, bitkide bakla sayısı 30,2-34,2 adet $bitki^{-1}$ , bitkide tane sayısı 33,2-37,9 adet $bitki^{-1}$ , 100-tane ağırlığı31,2-35,4 g ve tane verimi ise 169,7-208,2 kg $da^{-1}$ arasında değişim göstermiştir. İncelenen tüm özellikler açısından çalışmanın ikiyılında da 100 kg $da^{-1}$ leonardit uygulaması en yüksek değerleri vermiştir. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre Siirt ili ekolojikkoşullarında nohut tarımında 100 kg $da^{-1}$ leonardit kullanılması önerilmektedir.
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    Öğe
    Farklı Sıra Arası ve Bitki Sıklığı Uygulamalarının ‘Aziziye-94’ Nohut Çeşidinde Bitki Gelişimi ve Verime Etkisinin Belirlenmesi
    (2020) Ölmez, Mustafa; Erman, Murat; Erden, Zeki; Çöçen, Erdoğan
    Nohut yaygın olarak taneleri için yetiştirilen ve insan beslenmesinde önemli yer tutan baklagil bitkilerinden biridir. Nohut üretiminde temel amaç bol miktarda ve kaliteli tane ürün elde etmektir. Sıra arası ve bitki sıklığı uygulamaları, elde edilecek ürünün miktar ve kalitesini etkileyen faktörlerdendir. Bu çalışma 2011 yılında Siirt ili Baykan ilçesinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada; farklı sıra arası ve bitki sıklığı uygulamalarının \"Aziziye-94\" nohut çeşidinde bitki gelişimi ile verim ve verim öğelerine etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Tesadüf bloklarında bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülen çalışmada, üç farklı sıra arası mesafesi (25, 30 ve 35 cm) ve dört farklı bitki sıklığı (40, 50, 60 ve 70 tohum m-2) ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada; bitki boyu, bitkide yan dal sayısı, bitkide bakla sayısı, bitkide tane sayısı, baklada tane sayısı, bitkide tane verimi, metrekarede bitki sayısı, biyolojik verim, tane verimi, hasat indeksi ve yüz tane ağırlığı değerleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada sıra arası ve bitki sıklığı uygulamalarının baklada tane sayısı dışında, incelenen tüm karakterlere etkisi önemli bulunmuştur. Sıra arası x bitki sıklığı interaksiyonunun etkisi ise hasat indeksi dışında önemsiz bulunmuştur. Çalışmada en yüksek tane verimi 259.7 kg da-1 ile 25 cm sıra arası mesafesinden ve 269.0 kg da-1 ile 60 tohum m-2 bitki sıklığından elde edilmiş ve bu uygulamanın tavsiye edilebilir olduğu belirlenmiştir.
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    Öğe
    IDENTIFICATION OF CHICKPEA (CICER ARIETINUM.) GENOTYPES TOLERANT TO WATER STRESS
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2018) Ucak, Ali Beyhan; Erman, Murat; Oguz, Abdulrezak
    The present research was carried out to determine water-stress tolerance of chickpea genotypes (Diyar 95, Arda, Inci, Seckin, Hasanbey) grown under (winter planting), different water conditions [no water-stress (I-100); strong water-stress (10)] in the years 2016 and 2017. Variance analyses revealed significant differences between the genotypes (P < 0.01). As the average of two years, the greatest yield was obtained from no water-stress x genotype interaction (I(100)xHasanbey) with 2681.31 kg ha(-1), the lowest yield was obtained from strong water stress x genotype interaction (I(0)xSeckin) with 1702.17 kg ha(-1). Again as the average of two years, the greatest chlorophyll content was obtained from no water-stress x genotype interaction (I(100)xHasanbey) with 47.78 spad, the lowest value was obtained from strong water stress x genotype interaction (l(0)xSeckin) with 36.81 spad. The greatest crop water stress index was obtained from strong water stress x genotype interaction (I(0)xSeckin) with 0.56, the lowest value was obtained from no water-stress x genotype interaction (I(100)xHasanbey) with 0.18. The Hasanbey genotype with optimum water use efficiency and prominent with crop water stress index and chlorophyll content both in no water stress and strong water stress treatments was identified as water stress-resistant and the genotype was considered to have reliable characteristics potentially to be used in further water stress-resistance studies.