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    A case of vaginal hyperplasia occurred the last trimester of pregnancy in a Kangal bitch
    (Ankara Univ Press, 2021) Safak, Tarik; Yilmaz, Oznur; Ercan, Kerem; Yuksel, Burak Fatih; Ocal, Halis
    Vaginal hyperplasia is characterized clinically as the protrusion of edematous hyperplastic mucosa tissue through the vulvar lips. Generally, it is formed during the proestrus and estrus periods in dogs. In this case report, 12 months old, pregnant Kangal breed dog with a mass in the vagina was presented with pre and postoperative findings. The bitch without any genital problems at pro/estrus stages was mated about two months ago. During the clinical examination, it was detected that bitch was in the second stage of labor and had type III vaginal hyperplasia. After the delivery of nine puppies without complication, the bitch was placed under general anesthesia and the hyperplasic tissue was removed surgically. Although no hyperplasia history at pro/estrus stages of the bitch, the fact that vaginal hyperplasia was observed in the last trimester of pregnancy is remarkable. Interestingly, this hyperplastic mass did not cause dystocia during all the puppies' delivery in this case. In conclusion, in pregnant dogs, routine genital exams should be performed once at least until parturition to control vaginal structural integrity.
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    A pilot study on the epidemiology, diagnosis and characterization of Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato in sheep, goats and dogs in Siirt province of Türkiye revealed remarkable adaptation of Echinococcus canadensis (G6/ G7) in goats
    (Elsevier, 2024) Selcuk, Muhammed Ahmed; Celik, Burcak Aslan; Celik, Figen; Celik, Ozgur Yasar; Ercan, Kerem; Uslug, Muhammet; Tekin, Afra Sena
    Cystic echinococcosis (CE), caused by Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.), represents one of the most significant zoonotic diseases globally, affecting both humans and animals. The objective of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of E. granulosus sensu lato in sheep and goats in a pilot region with a one-year slaughterhouse follow-up period and to determine the genetic differences and haplotypes among sheep, goat, and dog isolates. To this end, the prevalence of CE cysts was determined by monitoring the slaughter of sheep and goats at least three days a week at a slaughterhouse in the Siirt province of T & uuml;rkiye during 2023. Additionally, faecal samples were collected from stray dogs and analysed using both flotation and molecular techniques. The presence of CE cysts was identified in 569 (11.12 %) of the 5119 sheep and 66 (2.31 %) of the 2860 goats after slaughtering. The highest positivity was observed in November (20.39 %), while the lowest was recorded in July (5.62 %). Of the sheep that detected positive, 25 (4.39 %) were less than one year old, while 544 (95.61 %) were older than one year. Of the infected sheep, 26 (4.57 %) were male and 543 (95.43 %) were female. 204 (35.85 %) sheep exhibited fluid-filled CE cysts, 338 (59.40 %) displayed calcification, and 27 (4.75 %) demonstrated the presence of newly developed cysts. The highest positivity was observed in December (5.83 %), while the lowest was recorded in May (0.62 %) in goats. Of the positive goats, two (3 %) were less than one year old, while the remaining 64 (97 %) were older than one year. Of the goats infected with CE cysts, 10 (15.15 %) were male and 56 (84.85 %) were female. Of the cysts, 56.1 % were fluid-filled, 42.4 % were calcified and 1.5 % were newly developed. Following DNA sequence analysis of CE cyst isolates obtained from the slaughterhouse, all 61 sheep sequences were identified as E. granulosus s.s. (G1/G3). Of the 13 goat isolates, seven were identified as E. granulosus s.s. (G1/G3), while the remaining six were classified as E. canadensis (G6/ G7). The centrifugal flotation method was employed to detect the presence of Isospora spp. oocysts in eight dogs, Toxocara canis and hookworm eggs in three dogs each, and Dipyllidium caninum eggs in one dog. A total of 54 dog faeces were examined. No Taeniid eggs were observed in any of the dogs. Following PCR analysis of the mt-CO1 gene region in the dog faecal samples, four samples were positive for a 875 bp band. Only one of these bands was suitable for sequence analysis, which confirmed it as E. granulosus s.s. (G1/G3).
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    Cryptosporidium spp. in Dogs - Prevalence and Genotype Distribution
    (Univ Fed Rio Grande Do Sul, 2023) Celik, Ozgur Yasar; Kochan, Akin; Celik, Burcak Aslan; Ayan, Adnan; Akyildiz, Gurkan; Kilinc, Ozlem Orunc; Ercan, Kerem
    Background: Cryptosporidium spp. is a zoonotic protozoan parasite that affects the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. The disease can cause acute and chronic diarrhoea and even death in both humans and animals. In this study, it was aimed to determine the prevalence and genotype distribution of Cryptosporidiosis in shelter dogs in Diyarbakir province located in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkey. Materials, Methods & Results: The animal material of the study consisted of 100 dogs of different breeds and sexes. Faecal samples were collected from the rectum with disposable latex gloves and placed in individual sample containers. All of the samples were examined for Cryptosporidium spp. by Kinyoun Acid Fast and Nested PCR methods. In the Kinyoun Acid Fast staining method, firstly, smear preparations were prepared from fresh faecal samples, fixed in pure methanol for 1 min and allowed to dry. The slides were kept in Kinyoun Carbol-Fuxin for 5 min, dipped in 50% ethyl alcohol, shaken, washed in tap water, kept in 1% sulphuric acid for 2 min and washed in tap water. The slides were kept in methylene blue for 1 min, washed in tap water and allowed to dry. After drying, immersion oil was dripped and examined under a microscope at 100 magnification. DNA extraction was performed from all samples using GeneMATRIX Stool DNA Purification Kit according to the manufacturer's protocol. After Nested PCR analysis was performed. In the PCR step, primers 5'-TTCTAGAGCTAATACATGCG-3' and 5'- CCCATTTCCTTCCTTCGAAACAGGA-3' were used to amplify the 1325 bp gene region. In the nested PCR step, primers 5'- GGAAGGGTTGTATTTATTTATTAGATAAAG-3' and 5'-AAGGAG-TAAGGAACAACCTCCA-3' were used to amplify the 826-864 bp gene region. As a result of both methods, a prevalence of 3% was determined. The infection rate was higher in males (3.57%) than females (2.27%) and in younger than 1 year (5.56%) than in older than 1 year (1.56%). The DNA sequences obtained from the sequence analysis of 3 positive PCR samples were analysed in BioEdit software. A phylogenetic tree was constructed with the data set created by using the 18s rRNA gene sequences obtained from the NCBI genbank database and the DNA sequences obtained as a result of the study, and it was shown which Cryptosporidium species the study samples were related to. Today, many Cryptosporidium species have been identified and most of these species have host adaptation. Although C. canis is the most common species in dogs, C. muris, C. meleagridis, and C. parvum have also been detected. Among these species, C. parvum is recognized as a zoonotic species infecting a wide range of mammals. In this study, DNA sequencing of nested PCR positive samples revealed that 3 samples were zoonotic C. parvum. Discussion: This suggests that dogs may be a reservoir for zoonotic transmission of Cryptosporidium. Consequently, it is recommended that people should be informed about the potential for transmission of this protozoan to humans and animals and that control programmes should be implemented, including the prevention of free entry of stray dogs into public places and homes.
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    Microscopic and Molecular Prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in Lambs in Siirt, Turkey
    (Natl Information Documentation Centre, 2023) Celik, Ozguer Yasar; Celik, Burcak Aslan; Ayan, Adnan; Kilinc, Oezlem Orunc; Ercan, Kerem; Selcuk, Muhammed Ahmed; Baldaz, Vedat
    CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS is a zoonotic disease that occurs acutely or chronically in young or immune-compromised animals and humans, caused by Cryptosporidium species. Cryptosporidium is recognized as one of the major enteropathogens associated with neonatal diarrhea in ruminants. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. in lambs in Siirt province using microscopic and molecular methods. The fecal materials of the study collected from 194 randomly selected lambs of different sexes, up to 4 weeks of age, in various farms. As a result of microscopic examination, Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were found in 54 (27.84%) of 194 samples, while specific bands were obtained in 63 (32.47%) samples as a result of Nested PCR analysis. A statistically significant relationship was found between lambs with and without diarrhea (P<0.001) while no statistically significant relationship was found between age groups, gender, and locations (P>0.05). In conclusion, the data obtained from this study revealed that Cryptosporidium infection is present in Siirt province, and Cryptosporidium spp. should be considered as one of the agents in the etiology of neonatal diarrhea in lambs.
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    Molecular Prevalence of Giardia duodenalis and Subtype Distribution (Assemblage E and B) in Calves in Siirt, Turkey
    (Natl Information Documentation Centre, 2023) Celik, Burcak Aslan; Celik, Ozguer Yasar; Ayan, Adnan; Akyildiz, Guerkan; Kilinc, Oezlem Orunc; Ayan, Oezge Oktay; Ercan, Kerem
    GIARDIA duodenalis is a common intestinal protozoan parasite that infects domestic and wild mammals, birds, and humans, especially livestock, worldwide. Studies on the prevalence of Giardia duodenalis in calves in Turkey are very limited. The aim of this study was to determine the molecular prevalence and subtype distribution of Giardia duodenalis in calves in Siirt. The animal material of the study consisted of 100 calves of different breeds and sexes in Siirt province. Using a disposable latex glove, feces samples were taken from the rectum of each calf and put in separate fecal containers. Sex and age information was recorded for each sample collected. As a result, 5% and 9% positivity was detected by microscopic and nested-PCR methods, respectively. The prevalence was 9.68% in females and 7.89% in males (P>0.05). Prevalence by age groups was as follows: 11.32% in the 1-6 month group, 7.41% in the 7-12 month group, and 5% in the older than 12 months group (P>0.05). As a result of the sequence analysis of the five PCR-positive samples, 80% Assemblage E and 20% Assemblage B were detected. As a result of this study, in addition to Assemblage E, Assemblage B was detected as well, which also has zoonotic properties. This situation may pose a risk for breeders. To better understand the distribution of G. duodenalis assemblages in calves in Siirt, studies in larger herds are needed.
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    Preliminary investigation of the prevalence and genotype distribution of Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia duodenalis in cats in Siirt, Turkey
    (Sciendo, 2023) Aslan Celik, Burcak; Celik, Ozgur Yasar; Ayan, Adnan; Akyildiz, Gurkan; Orunc Kilinc, Ozlem; Oktay Ayan, Ozge; Ercan, Kerem
    Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are protozoan parasites found in humans and many animal species worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and genotypes of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in cats and to evaluate the zoonotic potential of these agents. The animal material of the study consisted of a total of 40 cats brought to the Veterinary Faculty. Fresh fecal samples taken from the cats were placed in individual sample containers. All samples were examined under the microscope by Kinyoun Acid Fast staining for Cryptosporidium spp. and by the native-Lugol method for Giardia duodenalis. Nested PCR and sequence analyses were then performed. As a result of microscopic and nested PCR analyses for Cryptosporidium spp., no positivity was found in any sample. The prevalence of Giardia duodenalis was 2.5% in both microscopic examination and nested PCR analyses. When the DNA sequences of the beta-Giardin gene obtained in the study were compared with the database in NCBI Basic Local Alignment Search Tool, it was determined that one sample overlapped with Assemblage B samples. As a result of this study, the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in cats was determined and the presence of Assemblage B was revealed. It is recommended that repetitive studies should be carried out as much as possible to determine the possible role of these parasites in the transmission of these parasites to humans.