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    Co-digestion of spoiled maize silage with cattle manure
    (2021) Aybek, Ali; Solak, Mehmet; Ekinci, Kamil
    In this study, spoiled maize silage (SMS) and cattle manure were co-digested at five different mixtures by the Hohenheim Batch Yield Test unit under mesophilic conditions to explore biogas production possibilities of these wastes together. The mixtures were 100% cattle manure, 100% SMS, 85% cattle manure + 15% SMS, 70% cattle manure + 30% SMS, and 55% cattle manure + 45% SMS. Chemical properties of raw materials and mixtures, including crude fat, dry matter, organic matter, and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents were determined. As the amount of SMS in the mixtures increased, biogas and methane production increased. The highest cumulative specific biogas and methane production were determined for 100% SMS as 0.62 Nm3 kg-1 organic matter (OM) and 0.31 Nm3 kg-1 OM, respectively, where Nm3 is the volume of biogas under normal conditions. Methane content of the mixture containing SMS (49.99% to 51.87%) was higher than that of cattle manure only (44.01%). Furthermore, the mixtures which had lower ADF content yielded more methane and biogas. In conclusion, the efficiency of biogas and methane production can be increased by applying the co-digestion technique.
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    Co-fermentation of macroalga Elodea canadensis in different mixing ratios with dairy manure
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Ekinci, Kamil; Ciftci, Fatih; Kumbul, Barbaros S.; Yildirim, Rifat; Solak, Mehmet; Coban, Volkan
    Dairy manure is a valuable by-product of the animal production industry, but it may cause environmental problems due to inappropriate management and utilization. Although Elodea canadensis is an invasive species, it can be used as a renewable energy source for production of some biorefinery products such as biogas. Therefore, the potential use of E. canadensis biomass as a co-substrate for biogas generation was investigated by gradually increasing the amount of E. canadensis in the mixture containing dairy manure. Microalgae collected directly from Lake Egirdir by hand were first dried and then subjected to grinding. Five different mixtures were prepared for the co-fermentation of E. canadensis with dairy manure. The experiments were carried out in the anaerobic digester unit, which consists of 2-L bottles in a temperature-controlled water bath. The results showed that the specific methane production of the mixture containing only dairy manure was 192.3 mL CH4/g OM, while that of the mixture containing only E. canadensis was measured as 151.1 mL/g OM. As a result, the increase in the amount of E. canadensis in the mixture decreased biogas and CH4 production. However, this study showed that it is possible to produce biogas from E. canadensis, and an undesirable invasive species in natural water resources can be used as a biomass energy source.
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    Effects of tomato harvest residue derived biochars obtained from different pyrolysis temperature on periodical available nutrient concentrations of soils
    (2019) Erdal, İbrahim; Memici, Murat; Ekinci, Kamil; Sukuşu, Enise
    The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of biochars obtained by pyrolysis of thetomato harvest residues at different temperatures on some available nutrient concentrations ofsoil. For this purpose, biochars were obtained by pyrolysis of the tomato harvest residues at500 and 700° C for 80 minutes. The biochars were applied to the parcels prepared in 50x50 cmdimensions under field conditions to 3 tons per decare and they were left to stand in naturalconditions. 2 months after the application, soil samples were taken in 4 periods at one-monthintervals. In these examples, plant available and/or extractable nutrients were determined.According to the results, it was observed that biochar applications did not affect the nutrientconcentrations of the soil and had a negative effect on some nutrients. The pyrolysistemperatures had no effect on the efficiency of biochar on soil nutrient concentration.
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    Periodical changes of some soil properties of a calcareous soil under field conditions as affected by different biochar applications
    (National Agricultural Research and Development Institute, 2021) Erdal, İbrahim; Memici, Murat; Ekinci, Kamil; Sukuşu, Enise
    In this study, the effects of the application of biochars derived from tomato harvest residues on some properties and nutrient concentrations of calcareous soils were investigated. Biochars produced at different pyrolysis temperatures (300, 500, and 700°C) with the duration of 4 hours were applied to the depth of 15 cm at the rates of 30 t/ha to microplots established (50 cm x 50 cm) in field conditions. Soil samples were taken at four soil incubation periods and were analyzed for pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), plant available and/or extractable K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu. Mean values showed that soil pH significantly increased with the increasing incubation time and pyrolysis temperature. All other parameters examined in the study were significantly affected by the interaction of incubation time and pyrolysis temperature. Depending on the results, it can be concluded that the biochars produced at different temperatures and the soil incubation periods did not have a significant contribution on the exchangeable cations and the other nutrients of soil. Furthermore, it was observed that the biochar obtained at the pyrolysis temperature of 700°C generally had a negative effect. © 2021, National Agricultural Research and Development Institute. All rights reserved.
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    PERIODICAL CHANGES OF SOME SOIL PROPERTIES OF A CALCAREOUS SOIL UNDER FIELD CONDITIONS AS AFFECTED BY DIFFERENT BIOCHAR APPLICATIONS
    (Natl Agricultural Research & Development Inst, 2021) Erdal, Ibrahim; Memici, Murat; Ekinci, Kamil; Sukusu, Enise
    In this study, the effects of the application of biochars derived from tomato harvest residues on some properties and nutrient concentrations of calcareous soils were investigated. Biochars produced at different pyrolysis temperatures (300, 500, and 700 degrees C) with the duration of 4 hours were applied to the depth of 15 cm at the rates of 30 t/ha to microplots established (50 cm x 50 cm) in field conditions. Soil samples were taken at four soil incubation periods and were analyzed for pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), plant available and/or extractable K, Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu. Mean values showed that soil pH significantly increased with the increasing incubation time and pyrolysis temperature. All other parameters examined in the study were significantly affected by the interaction of incubation time and pyrolysis temperature. Depending on the results, it can be concluded that the biochars produced at different temperatures and the soil incubation periods did not have a significant contribution on the exchangeable cations and the other nutrients of soil. Furthermore, it was observed that the biochar obtained at the pyrolysis temperature of 700 degrees C generally had a negative effect.