Yazar "EL Sabagh, Ayman" seçeneğine göre listele

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    Breeding for water-use efficiency in wheat: progress, challenges and prospects
    (Springer, 2024) Hafeez, Aqsa; Ali, Shehzad; Javed, Muhammad Ammar; Iqbal, Rashid; Khan, Muhammad Nauman; Cig, Fatih; EL Sabagh, Ayman
    Drought poses a significant challenge to wheat production globally, leading to substantial yield losses and affecting various agronomic and physiological traits. The genetic route offers potential solutions to improve water-use efficiency (WUE) in wheat and mitigate the negative impacts of drought stress. Breeding for drought tolerance involves selecting desirable plants such as efficient water usage, deep root systems, delayed senescence, and late wilting point. Biomarkers, automated and high-throughput techniques, and QTL genes are crucial in enhancing breeding strategies and developing wheat varieties with improved resilience to water scarcity. Moreover, the role of root system architecture (RSA) in water-use efficiency is vital, as roots play a key role in nutrient and water uptake. Genetic engineering techniques offer promising avenues to introduce desirable RSA traits in wheat to enhance drought tolerance. These technologies enable targeted modifications in DNA sequences, facilitating the development of drought-tolerant wheat germplasm. The article highlighted the techniques that could play a role in mitigating drought stress in wheat.
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    DETERMINING THE GENE ACTION AND COMBINING ABILITY OF F2 BREAD WHEAT BY DIALLEL ANALYSIS
    (Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2024) Darwish, Mohamed. a.; Ghareeb, Zeinab e.; Iqbal, Muhammad aamir; Al-ashkar, Ibrahim; Islam, Mohammad sohidul; EL Sabagh, Ayman
    For ensuring the food security under changing climate and decreasing agricultural land area, genetic improvement of yield-related traits is the prerequisite for developing newer, better-performing varieties of bread wheat. Therefore, a study was conducted at the Sakha Agricultural Research Station Farm, Egypt, for investigating the ability and nature of gene action with the mode of inheritance for the grain yield and its component traits in F2 bread wheat for identifying the superior genotypes for three consecutive seasons. An experiment was conducted to test ten parent genotypes of bread wheat along with their half-diallel hybrids (45 F2 segregating populations) using the randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. The results revealed that general combining ability (GCA) as well as specific combining ability (SCA) had significant differences for most of the traits under study. In addition, Baker's ratio confirmed the superior role of additive gene effect in controlling yield traits of wheat. Moreover, the GT-biplot data analysis and GCA effects (& gcirc;) illustrated that the Vorobey (P3), Giza 171 (P10), Line1 (P1), and Line 7 (P9) had the highest values for the yield traits. Likewise, F2 hybrids [Line 1 (P1) x Line 5 (P6), Line 2 (P2) x Vorobey (P3), and Line 1 (P1) x Gemmeiza 11 (P7)] remained superior for the yield contributing traits. Furthermore, the estimation of GCA incorporating the additive component (D) underscored the significance of additive gene effects more than the SCA incorporating dominance (H1) for the traits under investigation. Lastly, the graphical analysis of Wr/Vr with (H1/D)0.05 pointed that the plant height, kernels number per spike and 100-kernel weight along with grain yield in F2 tend to be determined by additive gene effect through partial dominance.
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    Differences in the Growth and Physiological Responses of the Leaves of Peucedanum japonicum and Hordeum vulgare Exposed to Salinity
    (Mdpi, 2020) Liu, Liyun; Nakamura, Yuki; Taliman, Nisar Ahmad; EL Sabagh, Ayman; Moghaieb, Reda E. A.; Saneoka, Hirofumi
    Soil salinity has emerged as one of the most prominent threats to modern intensive farming systems, and it has necessitated the cultivation of halophytes to ensure food security and human nutrition.Peucedanum japonicumThunb. is an edible wild plant with medicinal value that is widely distributed along the Pacific coast of western Japan. However, the adaptive mechanisms of this plant with respect to salt stress tolerance have not yet to be elucidated. The purpose of this study was to compare the physiological responses ofP. japonicumto salt stress with those of barley (Hordeum vulgare), which is considered a salinity-tolerant plant. Seedlings of both species at the same height were exposed to different concentrations (0, 50, 75, and 150 mM) of NaCl for 16 days, after which the leaves were analyzed with respect to different physiological parameters. The results revealed a maintenance of leaf growth inP. japonicumcompared with that in barley, the growth of which was severely impaired at low concentrations of NaCl (50 and 75 mM). In response to salt stress, a higher suppression of Na(+)and Cl(-)assimilations was observed inP. japonicumthan in barley under all NaCl treatments. Moreover, P. japonicum showed a greater ability to maintain leaf K(+)and Ca(2+)concentrations, whereas barley exhibited a significant reduction in the concentrations of these ions under saline conditions. Thus, the superior salinity tolerance ofP. japonicumcould be attributed to a more efficient maintenance of ionic balances. Taken together, our results indicate thatP. japonicummay be classified as a halophyte, given its superior regulation of K+, Ca2+, SO4-, and sucrose concentrations and lower NO(3)(-)concentrations compared with those of barley.
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    DIVERSITY AND METABOLIC POTENTIAL OF CULTURABLE N2-FIXING AND P-SOLUBILISING BACTERIA FROM RHIZOSPHERE OF WILD CROPS IN VAN LAKE BASIN -TURKEY
    (Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2024) Erman, Murat; Kotan, Recep; Cakmakci, Ramazan; Cig, Fatih; Karagoez, Kenan; Soenmez, Ferit; EL Sabagh, Ayman
    The diversity of phosphate solubilizing and nitrogen -fixing bacteria from rhizospheric soil samples of different plant species (native wild cereals, beet, stonecrops, onion, rose, raspberry, and 10 other plant genera) grown at four different locations in the Van Lake Basin, Turkey were investigated. A total of 169 rhizosperic soil samples were gathered from these plant species, and over 777 rhizoplane bacteria were haphazardly selected from agar -solidified trypticase soy broth and examined for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) reports. As a result, 57 bacterial genera were recognised, which 64.8% gone to five genera viz., Bacillus (29.6%), Pseudomonas (9.8%), Stenotrophomonas (9.7%), Paenibacillus (5.7%), Micrococcus (5.1%), and Arthrobacter (4.9%). Approximately 56.8% of bacteria were found to be gram -positive (GPB), while 43.2% as gram -negative bacteria (GNB). In the of total GPB, 56.3% were N2 -fixing bacteria and 46.6% were P-solubilising bacteria, while in the case of GNB, 43.7% were N2 -fixing bacteria and 53.4% were P-solubilising bacteria. A total of 651 bacteria were isolated from the rhizospheric samples of the 20 plant genera, and subjected to further analysis. Of the 651 isolates, 542 were able to fix nitrogen, 279 were able to solubilize phosphates, and 247 isolates could fix both nitrogen and solubilize phosphates all at once. Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Paenibacillus, Micrococcus, Serratia, and Pantoea genera were the most prominent N2 -fixing and P-solubilising groups. Additionally, B. megaterium, B. atrophaeus, B. cereus, B. pumilus, B. licheniformis, B. subtilis, Pb. polymyxa, Pb. macerans, Pb. macquariensis, Bb. choshinensis, Ste. maltophilia, Ps. fluorescens, Ps. putida, Ps. stutzeri, Pn. agglomerans, Mic. luteus, Rco. erythropolis, Kocuria rosea, Csb. Meningosepticum, and Serratia fonticola were the mainly frequent P-solubilising and N2 -fixing species in the native rhizosphere soils of plants.
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    Enhancement of Root System Architecture, Seedling Growth, and Germination in Lentil under Salinity Stress by Seed Priming with Silicon and Salicylic Acid
    (Hard, 2023) Ceritoglu, Mustafa; Erman, Murat; Cig, Fatih; Ceritoglu, Figen; Ucar, Ozge; Soysal, Sipan; EL Sabagh, Ayman
    To deal with increasing salinization, plants show an array of responses such as root system architecture remodelling, thereby enhancing stress tolerance. Although various chemical, molecular and genetic techniques such that generally expensive and difficult applications are used to enhance stress tolerance, out of them, seed priming with suitable substrates is an easy-applicable and cost-effective treatment. The experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of salicylic acid (SA), silicon (Si), and sodium chloride (NaCl) priming on lentil seed germination parameters, seedling development, and root system architecture. In 2022, the experiment was carried out in the Field Crops Department laboratory at Siirt University in Turkey. Petri and pot investigations were part of the two stages of the experiment. Three concentrations of NaCl and priming treatments were utilized. Germination characteristics were impeded by rising saline levels. But seed priming, which boosted uniformity of germination by 50% as compared to unprimed seeds under saline stress, enhanced germination characteristics. A pot experiment revealed that the dry matter accumulation in roots was reduced by 24.6% due to salt stress. Si priming increased number of lateral roots by 32.6% compared to control seeds, whereas salt stress lowered it by 22.8%. The total length of lateral roots (TLLR) and mean length of lateral roots (MLLR) were inhibited by salinity stress by 75% and 63, respectively. Total root area was reduced by salinity stress by almost 70%, although seed priming increased it by as much as 29.3%. The SA and Si priming treatments improved germination stage and induced seedling growth by reducing salinity stress via more effective shoot development and root system architecture. In conclusion, seed priming with SA and Si is an affordable and sustainable method for reducing salt stress in lentil farming.
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    Oxidative Stress Tolerance Mechanism in Rice under Salinity
    (Tech Science Press, 2020) Monsur, Mahmuda Binte; Ivy, Nasrin Akter; Haque, M. Moynul; Hasanuzzaman, Mirza; EL Sabagh, Ayman; Rohman, Md Motiar
    The research was conducted to investigate comparative oxidative damage including probable protective roles of antioxidant and glyoxalase systems in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings under salinity stress. Seedlings of two rice genotypes: Pokkali (tolerant) and BRRI dhan28 (sensitive) were subjected to 8 dSm(-1) salinity stress for seven days in a hydroponic system. We observed significant variation between Pokkali and BRRI dhan28 in phenotypic, biochemical and molecular level under salinity stress. Carotenoid content, ion homeostasis, antioxidant enzymes, ascorbate and glutathione redox system and proline accumulation may help Pokkali to develop defense system during salinity stress. However, the activity antioxidant enzymes particularly superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and non-chloroplastic peroxidase (POD) were observed significantly higher in Pokkali compared to salt-sensitive BRRI dhan28. Higher glyoxalase (Gly-I) and glyoxalase (Gly-II) activity might have also accompanied Pokkali genotype to reduce potential cytotoxic MG through non-toxic hydroxy acids conversion. However, the efficient antioxidants and glyoxalase system together increased adaptability in Pokkali during salinity stress.
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    Phytohormones as Growth Regulators During Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2022) EL Sabagh, Ayman; Islam, Mohammad Sohidul; Hossain, Akbar; Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir; Mubeen, Muhammad; Waleed, Mirza; Reginato, Mariana
    Phytohormones (PHs) play crucial role in regulation of various physiological and biochemical processes that govern plant growth and yield under optimal and stress conditions. The interaction of these PHs is crucial for plant survival under stressful environments as they trigger signaling pathways. Hormonal cross regulation initiate a cascade of reactions which finely tune the physiological processes in plant architecture that help plant to grow under suboptimal growth conditions. Recently, various studies have highlighted the role of PHs such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, ethylene, and jasmonates in the plant responses toward environmental stresses. The involvement of cytokinins, gibberellins, auxin, and relatively novel PHs such as strigolactones and brassinosteroids in plant growth and development has been documented under normal and stress conditions. The recent identification of the first plant melatonin receptor opened the door to this regulatory molecule being considered a new plant hormone. However, polyamines, which are not considered PHs, have been included in this chapter. Various microbes produce and secrete hormones which helped the plants in nutrient uptake such as N, P, and Fe. Exogenous use of such microbes help plants in correcting nutrient deficiency under abiotic stresses. This chapter focused on the recent developments in the knowledge related to PHs and their involvement in abiotic stresses of anticipation, signaling, cross-talk, and activation of response mechanisms. In view of role of hormones and capability of microbes in producing hormones, we propose the use of hormones and microbes as potential strategy for crop stress management.
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    Potential Role of Plant Growth Regulators in Administering Crucial Processes Against Abiotic Stresses
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2021) EL Sabagh, Ayman; Mbarki, Sonia; Hossain, Akbar; Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir; Islam, Mohammad Sohidul; Raza, Ali; Llanes, Analia
    Plant growth regulators are naturally biosynthesized chemicals in plants that influence physiological processes. Their synthetic analogous trigger numerous biochemical and physiological processes involved in the growth and development of plants. Nowadays, due to changing climatic scenario, numerous biotic and abiotic stresses hamper seed germination, seedling growth, and plant development leading to a decline in biological and economic yields. However, plant growth regulators (PGRs) can potentially play a fundamental role in regulating plant responses to various abiotic stresses and hence, contribute to plant adaptation under adverse environments. The major effects of abiotic stresses are growth and yield disturbance, and both these effects are directly overseen by the PGRs. Different types of PGRs such as abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), ethylene (ET), and jasmonates (JAs) are connected to boosting the response of plants to multiple stresses. In contrast, PGRs including cytokinins (CKs), gibberellins (GAs), auxin, and relatively novel PGRs such as strigolactones (SLs), and brassinosteroids (BRs) are involved in plant growth and development under normal and stressful environmental conditions. Besides, polyamines and nitric oxide (NO), although not considered as phytohormones, have been included in the current review due to their involvement in the regulation of several plant processes and stress responses. These PGRs are crucial for regulating stress adaptation through the modulates physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes and activation of the defense system, upregulating of transcript levels, transcription factors, metabolism genes, and stress proteins at cellular levels. The current review presents an acumen of the recent progress made on different PGRs to improve plant tolerance to abiotic stress such as heat, drought, salinity, and flood. Moreover, it highlights the research gaps on underlying mechanisms of PGRs biosynthesis under stressed conditions and their potential roles in imparting tolerance against adverse effects of suboptimal growth conditions.
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    Pre-sowing seed treatment with kinetin and calcium mitigates salt induced inhibition of seed germination and seedling growth of choysum (Brassica rapa var. parachinensis)
    (Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2021) Kamran, Muhammad; Wang, Dan; Xie, Kaizhi; Lu, Yusheng; Shi, Chaohong; EL Sabagh, Ayman; Gu, Wenjie
    In recent years, improving plants' resistance towards abiotic stresses with exogenous application of plant growth regulators and nutrients has emerged as a matter of great interest. The present study assessed the potential roles of kinetin (Kn, 0.2 mM) and calcium (Ca, 2 mM) in mitigating the salt (200 mM NaCl) induced inhibitory effects on seed germination and growth of choysum seedlings. The results indicated that NaCl stress significantly reduced the seed germination percentage (42.6%), germination potential (42.0%), germination index (52.1%), seedling vigor index (65.2%), and declined the fresh weight (43.8%), dry weight (52.2%), radicle length (37.2%), and plumule length (41.2%) of germinated seeds, compared to control treatment. The delayed germination and decrease in seedling growth were positively correlated with salinity-induced hormonal imbalance, ion toxicity, and oxidative stress. However, Kn and Ca pretreatment partially mitigated the adverse effects of NaCl stress, evident by early germination and enhanced seedling growth. Kn and Ca effectively increased the accumulation of proline, soluble protein, and soluble sugars, and upregulated the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase that significantly reduced the production of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide anions in germinating seeds, thereby minimizing the NaCl-induced oxidative damages. Moreover, Kn and Ca pretreatment counteracted the NaCl-induced ionic toxicity by decreasing Na+ and increasing K+ contents and maintained a balanced Na+/K+ ratio in radicles and plumules of choysum seeds. Additionally, Kn and Ca under NaCl stress enhanced hormonal regulation by decreasing the ABA levels with a concomitant increase of GAs (especially GA(4)) levels and promoted early germination. Remarkably, the co-application of Kn and Ca was most effective by completely counteracting the inhibitory effects of NaCl and maintaining seed germination kinetics, seedling growth, and biochemical parameters almost similar to that in the stress-free control treatment. These results demonstrate that supplementation of Kn and Ca on choysum seeds is an effective chemical strategy regulating the various physiological and biochemical responses that would result in better germination and growth of seeds under stress conditions.
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    Salinity Stress in Cotton: Adverse Effects, Survival Mechanisms and Management Strategies
    (CRC Press, 2021) EL Sabagh, Ayman; Islam, Mohammad Sohidul; Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir; Hossain, Akbar; Mubeen, Muhammad; Jabeen, Tasmiya; Waleed, Mirza
    [No abstract available]
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    Salinity Stress in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Changing Climate: Adaptation and Management Strategies
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2021) EL Sabagh, Ayman; Islam, Mohammad Sohidul; Skalicky, Milan; Raza, Muhammad Ali; Singh, Kulvir; Hossain, Mohammad Anwar; Hossain, Akbar
    Wheat constitutes pivotal position for ensuring food and nutritional security; however, rapidly rising soil and water salinity pose a serious threat to its production globally. Salinity stress negatively affects the growth and development of wheat leading to diminished grain yield and quality. Wheat plants utilize a range of physiological biochemical and molecular mechanisms to adapt under salinity stress at the cell, tissue as well as whole plant levels to optimize the growth, and yield by off-setting the adverse effects of saline environment. Recently, various adaptation and management strategies have been developed to reduce the deleterious effects of salinity stress to maximize the production and nutritional quality of wheat. This review emphasizes and synthesizes the deleterious effects of salinity stress on wheat yield and quality along with highlighting the adaptation and mitigation strategies for sustainable wheat production to ensure food security of skyrocketing population under changing climate.
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    Salt Distribution and Potato Response to Irrigation Regimes under Varying Mulching Materials
    (Mdpi, 2020) Abd El-Wahed, Mohamed Hassan; Al-Omran, Abdulrasoul Mosa; Hegazi, Mahmoud Mohamed; Ali, Mahmoud Mohamed; Ibrahim, Yahia Abdelaty Mohamed; EL Sabagh, Ayman
    Water scarcity and frequent drought spells are becoming critical challenges to sustainable agricultural development, especially in arid and semiarid regions. Thus, this work aims to investigate the effect of deficit irrigation and varying mulching materials on soil moisture content, salt distribution, and potato yield. The experiment consisted of three irrigation regimes (I-100%, I-80%, and I-60%) of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), designated as I-100%, I-80%, and I(60%)of ETc, and five mulching treatments viz. (i) without mulch (WM), (ii) poultry manure mulch (PMM), (iii) rice straw mulch (RSM), (iv) white plastic mulch (WPM), and (v) black plastic mulch (BPM), which were continued for two consecutive growing seasons. The results showed that soil salinity was affected by mulching and irrigation levels as the salt content increased from the initial soil salinity. Moreover, I(60%)recorded the highest salt accumulation in the soil profile for WM treatment compared to the rest of the irrigation and mulching treatments. It was also revealed that PMM remained unmatched by significantly producing the highest potato yield compared to other mulching materials. However, the average potato yield decreased by 13.83% and 29.16% in the 2016 season for I-80% and I(60%)and by 12.95% and 30.91% in the 2017 season, respectively, in comparison to full irrigation (I100%). So, when sufficient irrigation water is available, full irrigation (I-100%) and PMM treatment are recommended to achieve the maximum potato tuber yield, which has a minimum impact on increasing salinity. However, when the discharge is insufficient, deficit irrigation (I-80%) and PMM treatment are recommended to conserve 20% of the irrigation water applied with a minimum reduction in tuber yield and a slight increase in soil salinity.
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    Screening of lentil genotypes during germination and early growth stages under PEG-induced drought stress
    (Inst Investigaciones Agropecuarias - Inia, 2024) Cig, Fatih; Erman, Murat; EL Sabagh, Ayman; Ceritoglu, Mustafa; Soysal, Sipan; Ucar, Ozge; Ceritoglu, Figen
    The objective of this experiment was to determine drought tolerance exhibited by lentil lines developed by the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) in an artificial environment, and to investigate the relationships between traits with various methods. This experiment examined 15 traits of 21 lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) accessions grown under artificial drought stress created with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000 (0%, 10%, 15% and 20%) concentrations during germination and early seedling stages. Germination characteristics, seedling developmental properties and root system architecture traits were investigated to observed the impacts of drought stress. The originality lies in enabling the identification of drought-tolerant and sensitive genotypes through a brief and practical research method, while shedding light on the key traits by principal component analysis. The first two PCs explained 22.9% and 31.7% (total 54.6%) under optimal conditions while they described 14% and 58.3% (total 72.3%) under PEG-induced drought conditions, respectively. Variation in PC1 was mostly contributed by positive coefficients of germination index, uniformity of germination and germination energy, and negative coefficients of mean germination time. Variation in PC2 was mostly contributed by positive coefficients of seedling vigor index, root fresh weight and root dry weight. 'Tigris', G3664 and G3840 exhibited higher performance in terms of germination characteristics, while G3710, G3829 and G3840 produced higher DM accumulation, total biomass and lateral roots. Overall, PC-biplot denoted that selection based on germination index and seedling vigor index at germination and seedling stages would improve drought tolerance. In conclusion, genotypes G3840 and G3664 were identified as drought-tolerant, whereas genotypes G35, G3659, G3759, G3837, and G3844 were classified as drought-sensitive. In addition, G3664, G3840 and G3710 exhibited the highest stress tolerance index (STI) under artificial drought conditions.
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    Silicon Mitigates the Adverse Effect of Drought in Canola (Brassica napusl.) Through Promoting the Physiological and Antioxidants Activity
    (Springer, 2021) Bukhari, Muhammad Adnan; Sharif, Muhammad Shahzad; Ahmad, Zahoor; Barutcular, Celaleddin; Afzal, Muhammad; Hossain, Akbar; EL Sabagh, Ayman
    Drought is the major limiting factor for crops which reduces the growth and ultimately yield. However, silicon (Si) is considered one of the important elements for ameliorating adverse effect of abiotic stresses including drought also. To re-establish the previous evidence of Si, an experiment was carried out in a wire-house under pot-culture, where canola plants were grown under normal conditions (100% field capacity) and water deficit condition (40% field capacity). To know the ameliorative effect of silicon on drought-induced canola plants through promoting the physiological, growth, biochemical, and yield attributes of canola (Brassica napusL.); exogenous application of Si was done by two different methods i.e., through seed treatment (priming) before sowing and foliar spray at vegetative stage. For priming, seeds of canola were dipped for six hours in a 5 mM Si solution, whereas for foliar spray, three different levels of Si i.e., 2, 4 and 6 mM Si solution were applied at vegetative stage (after 40 days of seed emergence). Drought stress caused a substantial decrease in the parameters of water relations, and the uptake of various nutrients in canola plants. However, the application of Si significantly improved plants' ability to withstand the drought stress through enhancing the uptake of Si in plants and also enhanced the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Data on, water potential, leaf water contents ratio and leaf pigments, (for example, chlorophylla, chlorophyllb, total chlorophyll, carotenoids), was positively influenced by applying Si under water deficit stress. Similarly, agronomic parameters such as seeds pod(-1), seed weight and seed yield were also enhanced as a result of the Si application under drought condition. Among these application methods of Si, the foliar spray has been found more effective for alleviating the adverse effects of water deficit stress on canola plants. Therefore, the results of the present study revealed that foliar application of Si at the vegetative stage may be useful for ameliorating the adverse effect of drought; since Si promoted to maintain turgor pressure, antioxidants activity in plants and also improved the nutrient accumulation both under water stress and control condition.
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    Sustainable crop production to ensuring food security under climate change: A Mediterranean perspective
    (Southern Cross Publishing, 2020) Hossain, Akbar; EL Sabagh, Ayman; Barutcular, Celaleddin; Bhatt, Rajan; Çiğ, Fatih; Seydoşoğlu, Seyithan; Turan, Nizamettin
    The global population is predicted to expand to 9.1 billion by 2050. Countries around the Mediterranean Sea are predicted to achieve a combined population of 529 million by 2025. The current major challenge confronting sustainable agriculture in the Mediterranean region is climate change which has directly affected the extent and frequency of rain events, floods, and droughts, which in turn has influenced land and water productivity and farmers' livelihoods. The present review highlights the major consequences of climate change for sustainable crop production in the Mediterranean region and evaluates different mitigation strategies for improving agricultural land productivity and water use efficiency along with their impact on farmers' livelihoods. © 2020 Southern Cross Publishing.
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    Temperate Forage Legumes Production, Weeds Dynamics, and Soil C:N Economy Under Organic Wastes
    (Springer Nature, 2022) Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir; Iqbal, Asif; Seydoşoğlu, Seyithan; Turan, Nizamettin; Ozyazici, Mehmet Arif; EL Sabagh, Ayman
    Environmental pollution caused by leaching and volatilization of mineral fertilizers from agricultural fields especially in temperate climates has aggravated under changing climate. Utilizing organic wastes from poultry sheds and dairy farms for crops production can be a way forward towards their eco-friendly disposal and curbing environmental hazards. This review synthesizes and analyzes the use of organic manures for forage legumes production and their impact on feed value, soil fertility, microbial biomass, weeds infestation, and economic turnouts in temperate regions. The feasibility of adopting organic wastes as a conventional source of plant nutrients or continuity of their use as a fringe farming activity has also been assessed. The increment in the forage yield of legumes such as white clover, lucerne, red clover, sub-clover, birdsfoot trefoil, etc. under chemical fertilizers widened the yield gap between organic and mineral manures management systems. However, organic materials improved the nutritional quality of temperate legumes owing to increased activity of proteinase enzyme, better absorption, and utilization of nitrogen and phosphorous, production of effective carboxyl and hydro-carboxyl, ?-glucosidase activity along with the presence of growth-promoting hormones. Organic fertilization effectively enhanced soil carbon sequestration and microbial biomass, while labile carbon was increased by mineral fertilizers. However, organic manures recorded higher dry matter of weeds than traditional farming systems which reduced forage yield by 35–50%. Availability at farm, regional and global levels along with nutritional composition, biological viability, and economic competitiveness of organic wastes continue to remain challenges in their wide-scale adoption as plant nutrients source. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
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    The Incidence of Heat Stress on the Quality of Food Crops in the Era of the Changing Climate: An Overview
    (CRC Press, 2022) EL Sabagh, Ayman; Barutçular, Celaleddin; Hossain, Akbar; Çiğ, Fatih; Erman, Murat; Karademir, Emine; Islam, Mohammad Sohidul
    Maintenance of nutritional quality in crops is vital to provide quality human food as well as animal feed under stressful environmental conditions. The aim of the present review is to assess the effects of heat stress on qualitative traits of field crops. Environmental stresses significantly affect the nutritional properties and quality traits of crops through physiological and biochemical alterations occurring at different growth stages. Among environmental stresses, heat stress is the most pertinent especially under the current changing climate. Heat stress generally affects the grain quality depending upon crop cultivars. Several studies have proposed different management approaches for enhancing the grain quality of crops under heat stress environments. For managing heat stress, the grain quality may serve as a critical parameter for discriminating the crop genotypes having higher potential to grow under heat stress conditions. Among heat stress mitigating strategies, seed priming and application of osmoprotectants, organic acids, and other antioxidants have the potential to increase the grain quality of many field crops. © 2023 selection and editorial matter Shah Fahad, Muhammad Adnan, Shah Saud; individual chapters, the contributors.