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    Comparative Efficacy of Foliar Plus Soil Application of Urea versus Conventional Application Methods for Enhanced Growth, Yield, Agronomic Efficiency, and Economic Benefits in Rice
    (Amer Chemical Soc, 2023) Alim, M. Abdul; Hossain, S. Imran; Ditta, Allah; Hasan, M. Kamrul; Islam, M. Rafiqul; Hafeez, A. S. M. Golam; Khan, M. Arif Hossain
    The experiment was conducted at the research field, Department of Agronomy, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur from December 2017 to May 2018 to find out the best treatment of foliar application of urea on the growth and yield of boro rice cv. BRRI dhan28. The experiment consisted of 10 treatments, laid out in a randomized complete block design in triplicate. The recommended doses (RD) of urea, TSP, MOP, gypsum, ZnSO4, and borax were applied during land preparation except for urea at 250, 75, 100, 75, 7, and 5 kg ha(-1), respectively, where urea was applied as per treatment specification. The results revealed that the application of N fertilizer as foliage along with soil significantly influenced the growth, plant characteristics, and yield of BRRI dhan28. There was no significant difference between T-8 (70% in soil and 10% as foliage) and T-9 (100% in soil) treatment regarding the maximum panicle length (21.43 and 20.71 cm), fertile grains (117.40 and 113.30), total grains (134.40 and 130.97), 1000-grain weight (24.56 and 23.56 g), grain yield (5.91 and 5.74 t ha(-1)), straw yield (7.83 and 7.92 t ha(-1)), biological yield (13.74 and 13.66 t ha(-1)), and harvest index (43.01 and 42.02%), respectively, in this study. These results indicated that N fertilization as direct soil application (70%) and as foliage application (10%), i.e., 80% N fertilization, produced the highest grain yield and major yield traits which we received by 100% N fertilization as soil that was practiced traditionally by the farmers. The effect of overfertilization (T-10) was not positive, producing the highest number of noneffective tillers and sterile grains (nonfilled grains). Therefore, it is possible to achieve an equivalent or more yield by saving 20% urea by the combination of soil (70%) and foliage (10%) application as compared to the traditional method of fertilizer application (100% in soil).
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    Diallel Analysis and Selection of Hybrids for Nutritional Phytochemicals in Capsicum Annuum L.
    (Hard, 2024) Chakrabarty, Swapan; Ahamed, Tofayel; Ditta, Allah; Pandey, Saurabh; Cig, Arzu; Soufan, Walid; El Sabagh, Ayman
    Chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important functional food due to its main bioactive compound, capsaicin, and other nutritional phytochemicals. However, very few studies have been conducted to develop hybrids with a high content of nutritional phytochemicals. The present study involving six parents was conducted to identify superior hybrids with higher nutritional quality based on combining ability and heterosis following Griffing's diallel Method II Model I. A broad spectrum of genetic variation among the six parents and fifteen F1 hybrids was confirmed by analysis of variance. (H1/D)0.5 value indicated that partial dominance gene action controlled all the traits except capsaicin and total phenolic content. Based on general combining ability (GCA) results, parent P3 (PLP-2s) was the best general combiner for all the traits except K and Na, followed by the parents P6 (BU Capsicum 1), P5 (Morich-8), P4 (Chili Japan) and P1 (Red Chili). Specific combining ability (SCA), along with heterotic response, revealed that the F1 hybrid P3xP6 (PLP-2s x BU Capsicum 1) was the best hybrid, followed by the hybrids P4xP6 (Chili Japan x BU Capsicum 1) and P3xP4 (PLP-2s x Chili Japan), as they exhibited superiority for major nutritional components, such as capsaicin and ascorbic acid. Ultimately, the subsequent selection of the F1 hybrids
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    EXPLOITATION OF HETEROTIC EFFECTS IN F1 1 HYBRIDS FOR PROMOTING EARLINESS, YIELD COMPONENTS, AND FIBER QUALITY OF UPLAND COTTON ( GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) GENOTYPES
    (Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2024) Dirbas, Jamila; Ijaz, Raina; Iqbal, Muhammad aamir; Islam, Mohammad sohidul; Al-ashkar, Ibrahim; Ditta, Allah; Melad, Neama m. k.
    Cotton is an often-pollinated crop and can be manipulated by exploiting heterosis achieved from different crosses among cotton genotypes for boosting lint yield and quality traits. The development of a new short-duration varieties having high yield and superior fiber quality are direly needed for sustainable supplies of lint to local textile industry. For this purpose, 12 parents and their half-diallel hybrids were sown at Hama Center for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria during the summer of 2019 and 2020 to study the heterotic effects for the traits (earliness, yield, and fiber quality). The analysis of variance (mean squares) showed highly significant differences of the genetic variability among genotypes for all characteristics under investigation. Likewise, estimation of relative heterosis (MP), heterobeltiosis (HP), and standard heterosis (SC) showed significant superiority of some hybrids for all characteristics. The highest number of hybrids with significant heterosis was observed for earliness index (E %) and fiber elongation (FE), while the lowest was observed for fiber fineness (FF). Hybrids, Fantum x Coker 139, NIAB 414 x Deir ELzour 22, Coker 139 x NIAB 414, and Coker 139 x Raqqa 5 exhibited desirable heterosis for most of the traits under study. Thus, these cross combinations may become potent candidates for future hybridization programs in order to exploit heterosis for boosting the seed cotton yield (SCY), earliness and fiber quality traits by developing new varieties.
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    Exploring the recuperative potential of brassinosteroids and nano-biochar on growth, physiology, and yield of wheat under drought stress
    (Nature Portfolio, 2023) Raza, Muhammad Aown Sammar; Ibrahim, Muhammad Arif; Ditta, Allah; Iqbal, Rashid; Aslam, Muhammad Usman; Muhammad, Faqeer; Ali, Shehzad
    Drought stress as a result of rapidly changing climatic conditions has a direct negative impact on crop production especially wheat which is the 2nd staple food crop. To fulfill the nutritional demand under rapidly declining water resources, there is a dire need to adopt a precise, and efficient approach in the form of different amendments. In this regard, the present study investigated the impact of nano-biochar (NBC) and brassinosteroids (BR) in enhancing the growth and productivity of wheat under different drought stress conditions. The field study comprised different combinations of amendments (control, NBC, BR, and NBC+BR) under three irrigation levels (D-0, D-1 and D-2). Among different treatments, the synergistic approach (NBC+BR) resulted in the maximum increase in different growth and yield parameters under normal as well as drought stress conditions. With synergistic approach (NBC+BR), the maximum plant height (71.7 cm), spike length (17.1), number of fertile tillers m(-2) (410), no. of spikelets spike(-1) (19.1), no. of grains spike(-1) (37.9), 1000 grain weight (37 g), grain yield (4079 kg ha(-1)), biological yield (10,502 kg ha(-1)), harvest index (43.5). In the case of physiological parameters such as leaf area index, relative water contents, chlorophyll contents, and stomatal conductance were maximally improved with the combined application of NBC and BR. The same treatment caused an increase of 54, 10, and 7% in N, P, and K contents in grains, respectively compared to the control treatment. Similarly, the antioxidant response was enhanced in wheat plants under drought stress with the combined application of NBC and BR. In conclusion, the combined application of NBC and BR caused a significant increase in the growth, physiological and yield attributes of wheat under drought stress.
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    Genotypic Divergences of Important Mungbean Varieties in Response to Salt Stress at Germination and Early Seedling Stage
    (Hard, 2024) Shaddam, Md. Obaidullah; Islam, M. R.; Ditta, Allah; Ismaan, Hassan Nuur; Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir; Al-Ashkar, Ibrahim; El Sabagh, Ayman
    Salinity drastically hampers the germination and growth of legumes including mungbean which jeopardizes the food and nutritional security of the rising human population. An experiment entailing varying salinity levels (0, 50, and 150 Mm NaCl) was conducted to investigate the response of salinity on germination and seedling growth of four mungbean genotypes (BARI Mung-7, BARI Mung-8, BU Mug-2, and BU Mug-4). The germination indices such as percentage and rate of germination along with the coefficient of velocity (GP) of all mungbean genotypes were significantly reduced by the salt stress, especially of Binamoog-5 at 150 mM NaCl. Contrarily, BARI Mung-8 remained superior by recording better germination indices under all salinity levels. The same cultivar outperformed the rest of the cultivars based on the greatest weights (fresh and dry) and length of roots and shoots, while BU Mug-2 could not perform at par under a saline environment. Thus, it might be inferred that mungbean genotypes differ in their potential for salt endurance due to the germination vigor and seedling growth robustness and screening of salt-tolerant cultivars could mitigate the detrimental effects of saline
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    Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Genotypes Under Salinity Stress
    (Hard, 2024) Ahmed, Abdirahim Muse; Wais, Abdikasim Hashi; Ditta, Allah; Islam, Md. Rafiqul; Chowdhury, M. Kaium; Pramanik, Moaz Hosen; Ismaan, Hassan Nuur
    Salt stress causes deleterious impacts on the germination, growth, and productivity of various crop plants. Screening new cultivars regarding salt stress tolerance could enhance the growth and productivity of sorghum. In this regard, an experiment was conducted at the laboratory of the Department of Agronomy, Hajee Mohamad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Bangladesh, in October 2018 to find out salt tolerance based on seed germination and seedling growth traits. The experiment consisted of seven sorghum varieties, viz. Adan Gab, Karmici, Debuday, ESP/S01, Green Jambuplus, Jambo, and Elmi Jama, and three levels of salt stress, viz. 0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl-induced salt stress, laid out completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The seeds of the seven sorghum varieties were placed in plastic trays (20 cm x 10 cm) on a sand bed irrigated with tap water (control) and NaCl (100 and 200 mM salinity levels) solutions. Data were collected on germination character and seedling growth at parameters. The collected data were analyzed statistically and means were adjudged by DMRT at 1 and 5% level of probability. The results of the experiment revealed that salinity stress significantly reduced the germination percentage (GP) and germination rate (GR) of sorghum in all sorghum varieties, and the variety Debuday showed the highest values of GP and GR, while Karmici showed the lowest values under 100 and 200 NaCl stress. Moreover, the root and shoot lengths, fresh weights, and dry weights gradually decreased with salinity levels, and the minimum reduction was recorded in Debuday, whereas the maximum reduction was in the Karmici variety. Higher Na and lower K accumulation of the Debuday genotype can be treated as salt tolerant. Contrary, the salt tolerance index (STI) based on the root and shoot dry weight in the Debuday variety exhibited the highest values, and the Karmici variety exhibited the minimum values under salt stresses. The inhibition of GP and GR, and lengths and biomass weight of root and shoot, were at the minimum level, while, on the contrary, the values declined superficially in the Karmici variety. Therefore, it can be concluded that the variety Debuday is indorsed as a salt-tolerant sorghum variety, and Karmici is a more susceptible one, based on the seed germination and seedling growth properties.
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    Zinc and amino acids improve the growth, physiological, and biochemical attributes of corn under different irrigation levels
    (Elsevier, 2024) Elshamly, Ayman M. S.; Iqbal, Rashid; Ali, Baber; Ahmed, Iftikhar; Akram, Muhammad Irfan; Ali, Shehzad; Ditta, Allah
    The global challenge of food security is threatened by drought stress. Exogenous application of zinc and amino acids could alleviate the negative impacts of water shortage on the growth, physiological, and biochemical attributes of plants. Based on this hypothesis, a field study was conducted to assess the effects of chelated zinc applied through irrigation systems and foliar amino acids on the growth, physiological and biochemical attributes of corn, under three irrigation levels at the recommended irrigation level (100%), and at 75% and 50% of the recommended rate. The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design in triplicate. Treatment effects on yield varied with intensity and duration of water stress. An irrigation level of 100% means the normal supply of recommended water. In results, the implementation of irrigation levels on corn led to varying impacts on yield, depending on the intensity and duration of the water stress. Plants responded by reallocating nutrient accumulation within their tissues, which played a crucial role in mitigating the negative effects of water stress. The application of zinc and amino acids individually showed positive effects on corn improvement, as these promoted antioxidant defense systems and enhanced corn yield. However, the combined application of foliar amino acids and soil-applied zinc, particularly under the 75% irrigation level, had a tremendous effect on various examined parameters. There was an increase in catalase by 65.9%, superoxide dismutase by 17.1%, and peroxidase by 15.1%, resulting in improved corn yield by 114.6% and decreased hydrogen peroxide contents by 74.2% compared to control. In conclusion, adopting 75% of the applied water and treating corn plants with a combination of zinc and amino acids resulted in the highest yield, nutrient accumulation, antioxidant enzymes, chlorophyll contents, relative water contents, and carbohydrate levels.