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Öğe Application of regression kriging and machine learning methods to estimate soil moisture constants in a semi-arid terrestrial area(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Tuncay, Tulay; Alaboz, Pelin; Dengiz, Orhan; Baskan, OguzIn the current study, the use of regression-kriging (RK), artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector machines (SVM), and random forest (RF) methods from machine learning algorithms, were used to estimate field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP), available water content (AWC) and their performance was compared. A data set obtained from 354 surface soil samples taken randomly, mostly from agricultural areas is used. The soil data set includes pH, EC, calcium carbonate equivalent (CaCO3 equivalent), particle size distribution, and bulk density (BD) values. The results showed that while FC showed a negative strong correlation (p < 0.001) with sand (r:-0.69), BD (r:-0.85), and silt (r:-0.47), it showed a positive strong correlation (p < 0.001) with C (r: 0.90). Similarly, PWP showed a negative strong correlation with (p < 0.001) sand (r:-0.73), BD (r:0.88), and silt (r:-0.42) but a positive strong correlation (p < 0.001) with C (r: 0.90). While AWC showed a negative strong correlation (p < 0.001) with sand (r:-0.61), BD (r:-0.76), it found a positive strong correlation (p < 0.001) with FC (r: 0.97), clay (r: 0.83), and PWP (r: 0.74). In the stepwise regression results showed that particle size were prominent as the most important factor in the regression equation created for FC, PWP and AWC. Moreover, FC is the most important factor to predict AWC. For the soil FC, ANN was best with excellent accuracy (RPD = 2.71), followed by SVM (2.42), RF (2.21) while RK was poor accuracy (1.10 and 1.04). Similarly, among the machine learning algorithms (RF and SVM), ANN obtained superiority by producing lower RRMSE (7.84%), RMSE (2.83%), MAE (2.37%), MAPE (7.45%), with the largest Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (LCCC) (0.961) compared to other methods. For PWP and AWC, ANN was the best algorithm with excellent and good accuracy RPD 3.17 and 1.95 respecively. In addition, other machine learning algorithms have been the same value range in terms of LCCC. Therefore, we recommend the ANN machine-learning algorithm is more favorable to predict FC, PWP and AWC than both RK and other machine learning methods.Öğe Artvin İlinde Yonca (Medicago sativa L.) Tarımı Yapılan Toprakların Verimlilik Durumu ve Potansiyel Beslenme Problemlerinin Ortaya Konulması(Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2013-10) Özyazıcı, Mehmet Arif; Dengiz, Orhan; Sağlam, MustafaThis research was carried out to determine nutritional problems and soil fertility status of alfalfa grown soils in Artvin Region. For this objective, 78 soil samples were collected from intensive alfalfa cultivation area and used as material. Texture, pH, EC, CaCO3, organic matter, available P, total N, extractable K, Ca, Mg, Na, B, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn analysis were done in soil samples and results of them were compared with threshold values. According to obtained results, texture, soil reaction, lime content and salt status were detected as clay loam, sandy clay loam and sandy loam, neutral reaction in 55.13% of samples, low lime content in 58.97% of samples and non salt problem, respectively. In addition, it was determined that most of the soil samples have enough sufficient level in terms of organic matter and total N whereas, 58.97% of samples has insufficient available P and 39.75% of samples has not enough concentration about extractable K. Moreover, extractable Ca, Mg and Na of soils varied between 48-9976, 134-830 and 18-240 mg kg-1 respectively while, it was found sufficient level in terms of extractable Fe, Cu, Zn in soils. As for B and Mn concentration of soils, 46.16% of soils investigated for this research has insufficient extractable B content and 16.67% of soils has also insufficient extractable Mn concentration.Öğe Assessing soil fertility index based on remote sensing and gis techniques with field validation in a semiarid agricultural ecosystem(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2021) Tuncay, Tulay; Kilic, Seref; Dedeoglu, Mert; Dengiz, Orhan; Baskan, Oguz; Bayramin, IlhamiAmong the greatest challenges of the arid and semiarid regions is the need for more crop production to meet the increasing demand of the growing population. This study aimed to compare SFI classes with both yield values and vegetation index values derived from satellite images. A total of 281 soil samples were taken at a 1-km resolution in order to quantify the spatial dynamics of soil physical, chemical and fertility indicators. Of the study area, 40.0% had very high fertile and high fertile soils, while 26.7% of the area had moderately fertile soils. Only about one-third of the total area had low and very low fertility. These results were validated using a 3-year yield values belong to parcels, and vegetation index derived from Sentinel 2A images. A strong relationship of SFI with yield (r2 = 0.88) and RE-OSAVI (r2 = 0.83) was found. Therefore, we suggested that SFI can be used to determine the sufficiency potential of soils for plant growing and management according to sustainable principles in similar ecologies provided that similar sample size should used.Öğe Assessment of heavy metal concentrations and behavior in cultivated soils under humid-subhumid environmental condition of the Black Sea region(Elsevier, 2023) Bayrakli, Betul; Dengiz, Orhan; Ozyazici, Mehmet Arif; Koc, Yusuf; Kesim, Emel; Turkmen, FerhatIn present time, contamination of soils with heavy metals has become a serious problem for the ecosystem, which is caused not only by industrial wastes but also by natural reasons such as geological origin and other human impact e.g., agricultural activities. This study discussed the sources of heavy metals, their spatial distribution, and factors affecting mobilization or retention mechanisms in soils. Soil pH (soil acidity), clay content, and soil organic matter content were studied as the main properties affecting the behavior of heavy metals in soil formed under humid and subhumid coastal environmental conditions. For this purpose, 3395 soil samples were collected from agricultural lands in the central and eastern Black Sea Regions. The results show that agricultural soils in the region have medium texture, high organic matter content, and an acidic response. While the average concentration levels of total heavy metal contents were determined as Fe > Mn > Ni > Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Co > Cd, the average levels of available heavy metal contents were Fe > Mn > Cu > Zn > Ni > Co > Cd > Cr in soil samples. When enrichment factor (EF) values of the soils were examined, the values of Cd and Pb were above 2, while the EF values of the other heavy metal elements were below 2; that is, they were classified as deficiency to minimal enrichment. It was also found that the heavy metals Cu and Cd had the highest availability ratio values (AR). In addition, a path analysis was carried out to determine the effects of pH, clay content, and soil organic matter content on the behavior of heavy metals. Direct effects on extractable and total forms of heavy metals was ranked as pH > OM = Clay, while the impacts on EF and AR was ranked as OM > pH > Clay.Öğe Çay Tarımı Yapılan Topraklara Yönelik Faktör Analizi ve Jeoistatistik Uygulamaları: Rize İli Örneği(Toprak Su Dergisi, 2014) Özyazıcı, Mehmet Arif; Sağlam, Mustafa; Dengiz, Orhan; Erkoçak, AylinFive factors related with physical and chemical soil properties in tea cultivated areas of Rize province were determined some physical and chemical soil properties were evaluated with factor analysis in this study. These factors explained about 75.63 % of total variables in soil properties of the area. Determined new variables were called as basic cations, microelement, texture, mineralization and fertilization. Basic cations that explained 18.31 % of total variables is the most important variable in new variables wheras, it was found that fertilizer variables is the lowest explain for total variables. Spatial distribution maps of the determined variables in the study area was prepared using geostastistic methods. Kriging maps show that the highest values of the basic cations and microelements were located in high and steep sloped lands whereas, it was found that the highest values of other factors distributed in near the coast area. Especially, high values of the fertilizer distibuted on flat-delta area showed under more human activites.Öğe Çay Yetiştirilen Tarım Topraklarının Reaksiyon Değişimleri ve Alansal Dağılımları(Toprak Su Dergisi, 2013) Özyazıcı, Mehmet Arif; Dengiz, Orhan; Aydoğan, MehmetThis research was carried out to determine variations of soil reaction and their distribution in tea cultivated soils that have many speciality features as compared to other soils in Turkey. For this aim, total 262 soil sample were collected from tea plantation area located on Artvin, Rize and Trabzon and their analysis were done. According to results, pH values of tea cultivated soils were found between 3.14 and 6.39. 4.50–6.00 pH values of soils accepted the best roil reaction values for tea plant were determined 22.92%, 3.87% and 32.20% in Artvin, Rize and Trabzon provinces, respectively. The lowest pH values of the tea cultivated soils were detected in Rize province that has the highest percentage in terms of low pH values. In addition, it was determined that 86.26 % of the tea cultivated soils in the region has lower pH values than threshold level for ideal pH values. Consequently, this research shows that low pH values of cultivated tea soils in region has still continued as problem in today. For that reason, it is necessary that these soils have been rehabilitated in terms of pH for tea plant growing condition.Öğe Çeltik tarımına uygun alanların belirlenmesinde çok kriterli arazi değerlendirme(2018) Dengiz, Orhan; Özyazıcı, Mehmet ArifMevcut arazi kaynaklarının optimum kullanımının sağlanması arazi uygunluk analizlerinin ön koşuludur. En uygun çeltik alanlarınıseçimine yönelik faktörlere ait bilgilerin yetersizliği ve bir araya getirilememesi, üretim düşüklüğüne neden olmaktadır. Buçalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’nin Orta Karadeniz Bölgesinde yer alan Çarşamba Ovası üzerinde yer alan ve Terme Çayı tarafındangetirilmiş aluviyal depozitler üzerinde oluşan toprakların çeltik (Oryza sativa) yetiştiriciliği için en uygun alanların belirlenmesidir.Öncelikle Çarşamba Ovasının doğusunda kalan ve Terme Çayının Ovaya girdi noktadan denize döküldüğü yere kadar olan 19 kmmesafe içerisinde ve yaklaşık olarak akarsuyun her iki yakasında 2.5 km genişlik kaplayan ve çoğunluğu düz eğime sahip 53. 6 km2’lik alan içerisinde toprak, topografya, arazi kullanımı ve arazi örtüsü vb. karakteristiklerinin ortaya çıkartılmıştır. Çeltikyetiştiriciliği için en uygun alanların belirlenmesi için alana ait konumsal verilerin analizinde coğrafi bilgi sistemi, jeoistatistik veanalitik hiyerarşik süreç olan çok kriterli değerlendirme yaklaşımları kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucuna göre, toplam alanın %20’siuygun olamayan(N1 ve N2) alanları oluştururken, yaklaşık % 69’luk kısmı uygun (S1) ve orta uygun (S2) sınıflarda belirlenmiştir.Ayrıca, toplam alanın 603 ha’lık kısım ise çeltik yetiştiriciliği için az uygun (S3) olarak belirlenmiştir.Öğe Computational intelligence applied to the least limiting water range to estimate soil water content using GIS and geostatistical approaches in alluvial lands*(Wiley, 2021) Alaboz, Pelin; Baskan, Oguz; Dengiz, OrhanThe use of machine learning methods in pedotransfer functions has attracted considerable attention in recent years. These methods are fast and effective in solving complex events. The least limiting water range (LLWR) feature is very important in terms of water uptake by the plant and root development in agricultural production. In this study, the predictability of the LLWR feature was investigated with artificial neural networks, deep learning (DL) and the k-nearest neighbour (k-NN) algorithm from machine learning methods. Estimated values obtained from the model with the best estimation accuracy and observed values were evaluated through a geostatistical method from which their spatial distribution maps were created. In the present study, which was carried out on alluvial lands with different soil properties, the LLWR values of soils vary between 5.5% and 25.9%. Field capacity, bulk density, clay, organic matter, and lime content properties, which have a high correlation with the LLWR, were taken into consideration in the estimation methods. DL was determined as the best estimation method (mean absolute error [MAE]: 0.94%; root mean square error [RMSE]: 1.45%; coefficient of determination [R-2]: 0.93), and the worst was k-NN (MAE: 2.00%; RMSE: 2.55%; R-2: 0.77) for the LLWR. In addition, the LLWR can be estimated with high accuracy by using ReLU and softmax functions in the DL method. The study shows that distribution maps created with LLWR values obtained by observed data and the DL method have a very similar pattern.Öğe Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi Kırmızı-Sarı Podzolik Toprakların Temel Karakteristik Özellikleri ve Verimlilik Durumu(Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 2013) Özyazıcı, Mehmet Arif; Aydoğan, Mehmet; Bayraklı, Betül; Dengiz, OrhanThis research was carried out to determine some basic characteristics and fertility levels of Red-Yellow Podzolic soils, which are commonly found in Eastern Black Sea Region. For this purpose, some physical, chemical and fertility properties of the soils were determined in a total of 370 samples taken from the research area representing the intended group of soil. The results of this study indicated that soil samples were generally clay loam, sandy clay loam, sandy loam and loam textured, and they contained low pH values. Some soil samples involved low or insignificant calcium carbonate content and they had no salinity problem. In addition, it was determined that the available P, extractable K and Ca contents of the soils were generally at inadequate level. Total N, extractable Mg and Na, DTPA+TEA-extractable Fe, Cu and Mn contents were found to be adequate/high, whereas, 70% of the soil samples had high organic matter content and inadequate extractable Zn.Öğe Faktör Analizi ile Minimum Veri Setinin Oluşturulması ve Haritalanması: Samsun İli Örneği(Ege Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2014) Sağlam, Mustafa; Dengiz, Orhan; Özyazıcı, Mehmet Arif; Erkoçak, Aylin; Türkmen, FerhatThe main objective of this study is to create minimum data base and mapping using factor analysis. 889 soil samples were collected from Samsun province and 17 physico-chemical properties of them were evaluated. In this study, 0.5 was obtained as the lowest factor value for variables. To increase success of factor analysis, electrical conductivity, lime content, extractable calcium and extractable cupper that was not assigned to any factor as variable were not incorporated in factor analysis. After factor analysis, 5 variables were selected and these variables were called as availability of micro nutrients, texture, sedimentation, organic matter and risk of alkalinity were called. Whereas selected 5 factors explain about 72.36% of total variables belonging to physicochemical properties, availability of micro element factor explain about 20.07% that was found the highest ratio in variables of soil properties. Spatial distribution maps was prepared using kriging methods for factors. It was seen that these maps showed about strong and weak zones of factors for Samsun’ soils.Öğe Mapping and assessment-based modeling of soil fertility differences in the central and eastern parts of the Black Sea region using GIS and geostatistical approaches(Springer Heidelberg, 2017) Ozyazici, M. Arif; Dengiz, Orhan; Saglam, Mustafa; Erkocak, Aylin; Turkmen, FerhatThis study was carried out on arable lands of the central and eastern Black Sea regions including eight provinces (Artvin, Giresun, Gumushane, Ordu, Rize, Samsun, Sinop, and Trabzon). The present study aims to generate a soil fertility map for agricultural lands in the central and eastern parts of the Black Sea region. The main objective of this research is to quantify soil fertility by developing a soil fertility index (SFI) model at the regional level. The related objectives were to map the spatial distribution of soil fertility by using auxiliary variables and to model soil fertility within the study region. To accomplish this, a data set for soil fertility differences was collected and a model was developed to predict the spatial distribution of differences across the region. The study area was divided into 2.5 x 2.5-km grid squares. A total of 3400 soil samples were collected from the surface (020 cm) of each grid intersection point. The geostatistical method was used to generate the SFI distribution map of the study area for surface soils. Of the total study area, 93.76% had good (S1) or moderately fertile (S2) soil while 6.15% of the area had marginally fertile (S3) soil. Only a very small area (N) had low-fertility soil.Öğe Mapping Soil Water Retention on Agricultural Lands in Central and Eastern Parts of the Black Sea Region in Turkey(Asce-Amer Soc Civil Engineers, 2016) Mihalikova, Marketa; Ozyazici, Mehmet Arif; Dengiz, OrhanCentral and eastern parts of the Black Sea Region in Turkey are pivotal in production of hazelnut and tea. The soils are vulnerable to leaching of nutrients and water erosion, and the need of mapping and assessment of possible risks is growing. Information about soil hydraulic properties is required for this purpose; however, it has been scarcely determined in the area. This study aimed to contribute in filling the gap. Arable land of eight provinces (Sinop, Samsun, Ordu, Giresun, Trabzon, Gumushane, Rize, and Artvin) was investigated using 3,400 disturbed soil samples from the surface layer. Intersections of grid squares 2.5 x 2.5 km were sampled and analyzed. Ten models of pedo-transfer functions available in the literature were tested for estimation of field capacity (FC), wilting point (WP), and available water capacity (AWC). The reliability of estimations was tested and evaluated on available data from five testing localities (382 samples). Finally, the values of FC, WP, and AWC were estimated by the k-Nearest code with satisfactory reliability, and spatial distribution maps of these properties were created using the geographic information system (GIS) technique. (C) 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.Öğe Orta ve Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi Tarım Topraklarının Bazı Makro ve Mikro Bitki Besin Maddesi Konsantrasyonları ve Ters Mesafe Ağırlık Yöntemi (IDW) ile Haritalanması(Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, 2015) Özyazıcı, Mehmet Arif; Dengiz, Orhan; Aydoğan, Mehmet; Bayraklı, Betül; Kesim, Emel; Urla, Öztekin; Yıldız, Hakan; Ünal, EdizThe aim of this study was to determine plant nutrients content and to in terms of soil variables their soil database and generate maps of their distribution on agricultural land in Central and Eastern Black Sea Region using geographical information system (GIS). In this research, total 3400 soil samples (0-20 cm depth) were taken at 2.5 x 2.5 km grid points representing agricultural soils. Total nitrogen, extractable calcium, magnesium, sodium, boron, iron, copper, zinc and manganese contents were analysed in collected soil samples. Analysis results of these samples were classified and evaluated for deficiency, sufficiency or excess with respect to plant nutrients. Afterwards, in terms of GIS, a soil database and maps for current status of the study area were created by using inverse distance weighted (IDW) interpolation method. According to this research results, it was determined sufficient plant nutrient elements in terms of total nitrogen, extractable iron, copper and manganese in arable soils of Central and Eastern Blacksea Region while, extractable calcium, magnesium, sodium were found good and moderate level in 66.88%, 81.44% and 64.56% of total soil samples, respectively. In addition, insufficient boron and zinc concentration were found in 34.35% and 51.36% of soil samples, respectively.Öğe Orta ve Doğu Karadeniz Bölgesi Tarım Topraklarının Temel Verimlilik Düzeyleri ve Alansal Dağılımları(Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 2016) Özyazıcı, Mehmet Arif; Dengiz, Orhan; Aydoğan, Mehmet; Bayraklı, Betül; Kesim, Emel; Urla, Öztekin; Yıldız, Hakan; Ünal, EdizThe aim of this study was to determine basic soil fertility properties of the agricultural lands inCentral and Eastern Black Sea Region and generate soil distribution maps using the Geographical Information System (GIS). In this research, a total of 3400 soil samples were taken at depths of 0-20 cm on a grid spacing of 2.5 x 2.5 km representing the agricultural soils of the region. Soiltexture, pH, electrical conductivity, lime content, organic matter content, available phosphorus andextractable potassium contents were analyzed in the collected soil samples. Analysis results of thesesamples were classified into certain criteria, and they were evaluated for deficiency, sufficiency or excess with respect to plant nutrients. Afterwards, soil fertility maps and a database for currentstatus of the study area were created using GIS techniques. According to the results of the study, thevast majority (75.30%) of agricultural soils in the Central and Eastern Black Sea Region containedloamy (medium textured) soils by general groupings, and their pH values were found to be highlyvariable (between <4.5-8.5). The vast majority of soils were identified as having the levels ofmedium-good-high in terms of organic matter and no salinity problem, and 61.15% of the soils hadlow lime content. Of the soils of the territory, 58.83% had phosphorus deficiency while 42.68% hadextractable potassium in sufficient levels.Öğe Patates (Solanum tuberosum L.) Yetiştirilen Toprakların VerimlilikDurumu ve Potansiyel Besin Maddesi Sorunlarının Belirlenmesi(2020) Özyazıcı, Gülen; Özyazıcı, Mehmet Arif; Dengiz, OrhanBu araştırmada, patates (Solanum tuberosum L.) yetiştirilen toprakların verimlilik durumlarının toprak analizleriyle belirlenmesi vepotansiyel bitki besin maddesi sorunlarının ortaya konması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, Türkiye’nin Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde yer alanOrdu ve Trabzon illerinde patates tarımı yapılan arazilerden 109 adet toprak örneği alınmıştır. Toprak örneklerinde bazı fiziksel(tekstür) ve kimyasal ?toprak reaksiyonu (pH), elektriksel iletkenlik (EC), kireç, organik madde, toplam azot (N), alınabilir fosfor (P),ekstrakte edilebilir potasyum (K), kalsiyum (Ca), magnezyum (Mg), bor (B), demir (Fe), bakır (Cu), çinko (Zn) ve mangan (Mn)? özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre; toprakların ağırlıklı olarak (% 95.42’sinin) tınlı (orta bünyeli) topraklar olduğu vetuzluluk yönünden sorun teşkil etmediği, patates için ideal pH aralığındaki toprakların oranının yaklaşık % 42.2 olduğu tespitedilmiştir. Büyük çoğunluğu az kireçli düzeyde olan patates topraklarının; % 51.37’sinde organik madde, % 86.24’ünde toplam N, %53.22’sinde alınabilir P ve % 56.88’inde ekstrakte edilebilir K yeterli ve/veya yüksek düzeydedir. Ekstrakte edilebilir Ca ve Mgdüzeylerinin büyük oranda iyi düzeyde olduğu araştırma topraklarının; % 45.87’si ekstrakte edilebilir B, % 35.78’inde ekstrakteedilebilir Zn ve % 11.93’ünde ekstrakte edilebilir Mn çok az/az düzeydedir. Patates tarımı yapılan toprakların ekstrakte edilebilir Feve Cu içerikleri yüksek/yeterli düzeyde bulunmuştur. Ordu ve Trabzon illerinde patates tarımı yapılan alanlarda mutlaka toprakanalizlerine göre gübreleme programları düzenlenmeli ve yaprak analizleri de dikkate alınarak gübreleme önerilerinde bulunulmalıdır.Öğe Physico-chemical and mineralogical changes of lithic xerorthent soils on volcanic rocks under semi-arid ecological conditions(Univ Nacional De Colombia, 2022) Demir, Sinan; Alaboz, Pelin; Dengiz, Orhan; Senol, Huseyin; Yilmaz, Kamil; Baskan, OguzThis study investigates the mineralogical changes and soil development processes of young soils formed on va-rious bedrocks of volcanic origin under the same land use/land cover and climate conditions. The current study was conducted in Lithic Xerorthent soils formed on tuff, trachybasalt, and trachyandesite bedrock between San-dikli-Suhut districts of Afyonkarahisar. The three soil profiles excavated in the study area were classified in Enti-sols order based on Soil taxonomy. The primary minerals, sanidine and muscovite, and the clay minerals, smec-tite, kaolinite, and illite, were widely determined in three soil profiles which were named Profile I (PI), Profile II (PII), and Profile III (PIII). According to the chemical alteration index (CIA) values, which indicate weathering, the soils formed on the tuff bedrock were slightly weathered (77.04%). The chemical weathering index (CIW) in the soils' surface horizons formed on the trachybasalt and trachyandesite bedrock are classified as non -weathe-ring rocks with 24.43% and 33.88%. Basic cations are found at high levels in the tuff bedrock. The determination of phillipsite, gismondin and calcite minerals is an indication that the mineral content of the bedrock and the bedrocks have a significant effect on soil formation. The relationship between the bedrock and the soil has been revealed. As a result of the study, it was concluded that there were significant differences in their physico-chemical characteristics, weathering rates, and mineralogical properties. However, they were characterized as young soils since they do not contain any subsurface diagnostic horizons on the volcanic bedrock under the same climatic and land use/land cover conditions.Öğe Siirt ?li Bazı Arazi ve Toprak Özelliklerinin Coğrafi Bilgi Sistem Analizleriyle Değerlendirilmesi(2014) Özyazıcı, Mehmet Arif; Dengiz, Orhan; İmamoğlu, AliBu çalışmanın amacı Siirt ili bazı arazi ve toprak özelliklerinin Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemi (CBS) kullanılarak belirlenmesi ve veritabanının oluşturulmasıdır. Çalışma alanı 562619.5 hektardır. Araştırmada öncelikle Siirt iline ait topoğrafya haritası kullanılarak arazinin sayısal yükselti modeli oluşturulmuş ve eğim, bakı, yükselti ve kabartı haritaları üretilmiştir. Ayrıca çalışmada, Köy Hizmetleri Genel Müdürlüğü tarafından hazırlanan verilerin yanı sıra, İle ait iklim verilerinden de yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bilgilere göre, Siirt ilinin batı kesimi daha düz ve düze yakın ovalık arazilerden oluşurken, kuzeyi ve doğusunda rakım yüksektir. Bu yüzden eğim değerleri kuzey ve doğu bölgelerinde yüksek, batıda ise düşüktür. Siirt ilinin yarısından çoğunda yaklaşık % 65inde kahverengi orman toprağı bulunur. Arazi kullanım haritasına baktığımızda ilin % 44lük kısmının fundalık, % 31lik kısmının ise meralık arazilerden oluştuğu görülmektedir. Erozyon haritasının incelenmesi sonucu ise Siirt ilinin yaklaşık % 90ında orta, şiddetli ve çok şiddetli erozyon olduğu görülmüştür. İşlemeli tarıma uygun araziler ilde oldukça sınırlıdır. Siirt ili toplam alanının sadece % 9luk kısmı I., II. ve III. sınıf kabiliyete sahip alanlardan oluşmaktadır. Toprak derinlik haritası incelendiğinde ise % 85 oranıyla sahanın büyük kısmının çok sığ ve sığ topraklardan oluştuğu görülmektedir. Derin ve çok derin toprakların ise batıda ovalık arazilerde ve vadilerde küçük alanlarda yer alır.Öğe Siirt İli Bazı Arazi ve Toprak Özelliklerinin Coğrafi Bilgi Sistem Analizleriyle Değerlendirilmesi(Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2014) Özyazıcı, Mehmet Arif; Dengiz, Orhan; İmamoğlu, AliThe main aim of this research was to determine some land and soil characteristics of Siirt province and to make database using Geographic Information System (GIS). The study area covers about 562619.5 ha. Firstly, digital elevation model was formed using topographic map of the Siirt province and after this process slope, aspect, elevation and hill shade maps were also produced. In addition to that, some data produced General Directory of Rural Services and climate data were used in this study. According to study results, west part of the Siirt province has almost flat area whereas, hilly and mountain area locate in north and east part of it. Therefore, slope degree increase from west to north and east ways. More than half of the study area’s soil types (65%) is Brown forest soils. Besides, according to land use and land cover map about 44% and 31% of the study area covers by shrubbery-brush and pastures, respectively. According to erosion maps, approximately %90 of the Siirt province lands has medium, severe and very severe erosion problem. Lands that are suitable for agricultural activities are very limited in Siirt Province. Only about 9% of the total land was classified as I, II and III land capability classes. Moreover, investigated depth map of the study area about 85% of the study area has very shallow and shallow soil depth. Deep soils found on plain and valley located at west part of the study area.Öğe Spatial distribution of heavy metals density in cultivated soils of Central and East Parts of Black Sea Region in Turkey(2017) Özyazıcı, Mehmet Arif; Dengiz, Orhan; Özyazıcı, GülenHeavy metal contamination has caused serious environmental and health-relatedproblems around the world. To identify the concentrations and sources of heavymetals, 3400 surface soil samples (0-20 cm depth) were collected from the study area.Subsequently, the concentrations of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn in the samples weremeasured. In order to evaluate natural or anthropogenic sources of heavy metalcontent and their spatial distribution in agricultural fields of Central and East Parts ofBlack Sea Region soil geostatistic approach were combined with geographicinformation system (GIS). GIS technology was employed to produce spatial distributionmaps of the 6 elements in the study area. The results showed that the concentration ofNi and Co exceeded its threshold level. The local pollution from Ni was attributed to thenatural influences. The concentrations of the other heavy metals are relatively lowerthan the critical values. The mean values of the heavy metal contents arranged in thefollowing decreasing order: Ni > Zn > Cu >Pb> Co > Cd in the study area. On the otherhand, according to distribution ratio of heavy metals in total soil samples, except for Coand Ni distribution in total soil samples, all other heavy metal element exceededconcentration in samples were determined about less than 10% total soil samples.However, in some regions of the study area, the Cd, Cu and Zn contents were alsoslightly raised, this case possibly stem from excessive P fertilization and field traffic.Öğe Yarı Kurak Ekolojik Koşullar Altında Tarımsal Arazi Kullanım Planlamasının Hazırlanması: Ankara-Kalecik Örneği(2021) Tunçay, Tülay; Saygın, Fikret; İmamoğlu, Ali; Dengiz, Orhan; Keçeci, Mehmet; Usul, Mustafa; Başkan, OğuzGiderek artan dünya nüfusu, başta topraklar olmak üzere yenilenemez olan doğal kaynakların daha verimli kullanılma zorunluluğunu beraberinde getirmiştir. Arazi kullanım kararları başlangıçta arazi sahiplerinin kısa vadeli gereksinimleri doğrultusunda alınırken, günümüzde arazi kullanımın kararlarının doğal kaynaklara kalıcı zararlar vermeyecek şekilde alınabilmesi için arazi kullanım planlarının yapılması ve uygulamaya konulmasını gerektirmektedir. Her türlü arazi kullanım planlamasında birincil amaç, tarım topraklarının gelecek nesiller için korunarak sürdürülebilir kullanımı sağlamaktır. Bu nedenle, özellikle tarımsal arazi kullanım planlamaları toprakların özellik, dağılım ve potansiyellerinin belirlendiği temel toprak etüd ve haritalama çalışmalarına dayanarak yapılmaktadır. Planlama kararlarının sağlıklı olarak alınabilmesi amacıyla, yeterli doğrulukta ve ayrıntılı bilgileri içeren toprak etüd ve haritalama çalışmalarına ihtiyaç bulunmaktadır. Detaylı toprak haritaları esas alınarak yapılan arazi değerlendirme çalışmaları sonucu arazilerin son kullanıcılara alternatif kullanımlara uygunluğunun belirlenmesi esasına dayanır. Daha sonra planlama amaçlarıyla örtüşen arazi kullanımları seçilmiştir. Bu araştırma dijital alt yapılı güncellenebilir Türkiye topraklarının toprak etüt ve haritaların oluşturulmasına alt yapı oluşturması amacıyla Ankara ili Kalecik ilçesinde yürütülmüştür. Uydu görüntüleri, sayısal yükseklik modelleri, topoğrafik haritalar ve jeoloji haritaları kullanılarak toprak profil noktaları belirlenmiştir. Açılan profiller tanımlanarak taslak toprak haritası oluşturulmuş, daha sonra arazi gözlemleri ve örneklemeler ile seri sınırları kesinleştirilmiştir. İkinci aşamada arazi kullanım türleri, bu türlerin toprak istekleri belirlenerek toprak serileri özellikleri ile eşleştirme yapılmış ve toprak özelliklerine göre tarımsal arazi kullanım planlaması oluşturulmuştur.
