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Öğe Effect of Coach Encouragement on the Psychophysiological and Performance Responses of Young Tennis Players(Mdpi, 2019) Kilit, Bulent; Arslan, Ersan; Akca, Firat; Aras, Dicle; Soylu, Yusuf; Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Nikolaidis, Pantelis TheodorosThis study aimed to compare the effects of coach encouragement during the on-court tennis training drills (OTDs) on the psychophysiological and performance responses of young tennis players. Twenty-five young male tennis players (14.0 +/- 0.3 years of age) performed six bouts of each of the four common OTDs; Star, Suicide, Box and Big X (30:60 s; 1:2 work to rest ratio). The heart rate (HR) and total distance covered were monitored using two portable multivariable integrated 10 Hz GPS monitoring devices during all OTDs, and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE-10) and short form Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) values were determined after each OTDs bout. The results demonstrated that OTDs with coach encouragement induced significantly higher psychophysiological and performance responses compared to OTDs without coach encouragement (p < 0.05). The results of this study confirm that coach encouragement improves the intensity, performance and physical enjoyment level during OTDs. These findings might inform training practices in youth tennis players in order to improve tennis performance.Öğe Running-based high-intensity interval training vs. small-sided game training programs: effects on the physical performance, psychophysiological responses and technical skills in young soccer players(Inst Sport, 2020) Arslan, Ersan; Orer, Gamze Erikoglu; Clemente, Filipe ManuelThis study aimed to compare the effects of 5-week running-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) vs. small-sided game training (SSG) on the physical performance, psychophysiological responses and technical skills in young soccer players. Twenty young male soccer players (age: 14.2 +/- 0.5 years, height: 161.8 +/- 7.9 cm) participated in this study and were assigned to two groups: the HIIT group (n=10) and SSG group (n=10). Both groups trained twice per week with a similar total training duration. The SSG consisted of two 5-9 minutes of 2-a-side with 2-minute passive rest periods, whereas the HIIT consisted of 12-20 minutes of continuous runs at intensities (90 to 95%) related to the velocity obtained in the 30-15 intermittent fitness test. Before and after the 5-week training periods the following tests were completed: maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) from the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 (YYIRTL-1), 10-30-m sprint test, countermovement jump [CMJJ, squat jump (SA and drop jump [DA, 1000-m run test, zigzag agility, repeated sprint ability, 30-15 intermittent fitness test and speed dribbling ability test. Our results revealed meaningful improvements in YYIRTL-1 performance (SSG: +12.8%, standardized effect size [d]=-1.46; HIIT: +16.4%, d=3.27 and VO2max(SSG: +3.3%, d=-1.48; HIIT: +4.3%, d=2.61). There was a meaningful greater improvement in agility and technical test performances following the SSG training compared with the HIIT (p <= 0.05, d= ranging from 0.92 to 1.99). By contrast, the HIIT group showed meaningfully higher performance responses in terms of the 1000-m running time and repeated sprint test ability (p 0.05, d=ranging from 0.90 to 2.06). These results confirmed that SSG training might be a more effective training regime to improve technical ability and agility with greater enjoyment, whereas HIIT might be more suitable for speed-based conditioning in young soccer players.Öğe Short-term effects of on-field combined core strength and small-sided games training on physical performance in young soccer players(Termedia Publishing House Ltd, 2021) Arslan, Ersan; Soylu, Yusuf; Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Hazir, Tahir; Isler, Ayse Kin; Kilit, BulentThis study aimed to compare the effects of 6-weeks combined core strength and small-sided games training (SSG(core)) vs. small-sided games (SSG) training on the physical performance of young soccer players. Thirty-eight amateur soccer players (age: 16.50 +/- 0.51 years) were randomly assigned to either a SSG(core) (n = 20) or a SSG group (n = 18). The SSG(core) group performed upper and lower body core strength exercises combined with SSG including 2-, 3- and 4-a-sided soccer games third a week. The SSG group performed only the SSG periodization. Baseline and after the 6-week training period the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test level 1 (YYIRTL-1), 5-20-m sprint test, countermovement jump (CMJ), squat jump (Si), triple-hop distance (THD), zigzag agility with ball (ZAWB) and without ball (ZAWOB), three corner run test (TCRT) and Y-balance test. The SSG core group demonstrated meaningful improvements in 20 m sprint time (SSG(core) : -9.1%, d = 1.42; SSG: -4.4%, d = 0.76), CMJ (SSG(core): 11.4%, d = 2.67; SSG: -7.7%, d = 1.43), SJ (SSG(core) : 12.0%, d = 2.14; SSG: 5.7%, d = 1.28), THD (SSG(core): 5.0%, d = 1.39; SSG: 2.7%, d = 0.52) and TCRT (SSG(core): -3.7%, d = 0.69; SSG: -1.9%, d= 0.38). Furthermore, the SSG(core) group demonstrated meaningfully higher improvement responses in both leg balance score (d = ranging from 2.11 to 2.75) compared with SSG group. These results suggest that the inclusion of core strength training to a SSG periodization is greatly effective to improve speed and strength-based conditioning in young soccer players.Öğe The effects of congested fixture periods on distance-based workload indices: A full-season study in professional soccer players(Termedia Publishing House Ltd, 2021) Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Silva, Rui; Arslan, Ersan; Aquino, Rodrigo; Castillo, Daniel; Mendes, BrunoThe aim of this study was to compare distance-based workload indices during congested fixture periods among different levels of participation in matches. Nineteen elite professional male players (age: 26.5 +/- 4.3 years) from a European First League team were monitored daily over a full season using global positioning measurements. Distance-based measures (total distance, high-intensity running, high-speed running distance, and number of sprints) were collected daily. The following workload indices were calculated weekly: (i) acute load; (ii) acute : chronic workload ratio; (iii) training monotony; and (iv) training strain. During the season, seven congested weeks were selected. The participation levels of the players were categorized as starting in three matches (S3M), two matches (S2M), or one match (S1M) in the same week. Comparisons of the workload indices between levels of participation revealed that the acute load of total distance was significantly greater for S2M than S1M (+27%) and for S3M than for S1M (+30%). Moreover, the acute load of high-speed running was significantly greater for S2M than for S1M (+79%) and for S3M than for S1M (+60%). The acute load of high-intensity running was also significantly greater for S2M than for S1M (+54%) and for S3M than for S1M (+67%). This study revealed that acute load and training strain were meaningfully greater for S2M and S3M than S1M, although no significant differences were found between S1M, S2M, and S3M for the overall distance measures in terms of acute : chronic workload ratio and training monotony.