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Öğe A STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF WOOD VINEGAR ON WEEDS AND CULTIVATED PLANTS IN THE WHEAT AGRO-ECOSYSTEMS(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2019) Koc, Ibrahim; Namli, Ayten; Mendes, Mehmet; Pinar, Suleyman Mesut; Cig, Fatih; Yardim, Erdal NecipThis study was conducted to determine the effects on the weeds and cultivated plants in the wheat agro-ecosystems of the wood vinegar in the biopesticide potential obtained from hazelnut shells on certain growth and yield parameters. The study was conducted based on the Randomized Blocks Testing Design with repeated four times. In the experiment, treatments of 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%, 4.0%, and 5.0% mL doses of wood vinegar were administered, and only tap water was given to the control group. It was found that the 4% mL dose had positive effects on cultivated plant height and that the 1% mL dose had positive effects on thousand kernel weight and seed per spike compared with the control. It was seen that its effect on weeds dry weight is changed according to the years (P=0.011). In 2015-2016, it was found that 3% mL increased and 0.5%, 1% and %5 mL decreased the weight of dry grass. In the test field; weeds determination is made from 12 families. In 2014-2015, Polygonum bellardii, Eremopoa altaica and Microthlaspi perfoliatum; and in 2015-2016, Eremopoa altaica, Erodium absinthoides, Lactuca serriola and Polygonum bellardii was seen most.Öğe Alterations in Growth and Yield of Camelina Induced by Different Planting Densities under Water Deficit Stress(Tech Science Press, 2020) Waraich, Ejaz Ahmad; Ahmed, Zeeshan; Ahmad, Zahoor; Ahmad, Rashid; Erman, Murat; Cig, Fatih; El Sabagh, AymanCamelina (Camelina sativa L.) is famous for its oil quality and unique fatty acid pattern. Growth and yield of crops reduced under water deficit conditions. Environmental threat such as drought or water deficit condition is the emerging problem which creates the negative impact on the growth of plants. Based upon the current situation a pot study was performed in rain out-shelter to explore the effect of different plant densities (15, 10 and 5 plants per pot) on growth and seed yield of two camelina genotypes under normal (100% WHC) and water deficit (60% WHC) conditions by using completely randomized design with factorial arrangement having three replicates. Results indicated that individual effects of plant densities and water deficit stress levels considerably influenced the growth and seed yield of camelina but interaction effects did not indicate any significant variation. Maximum values of leaf area index (LAI) and crop growth rate (CGR) were recorded in P-3 treatment (15 plants per pot). However, maximum values of leaf area duration (LAD), net assimilation rate (NAR), yield and yield components were observed in the treatment P-1 (5 plants per pot). Water deficit condition (60% WHC) significantly minimized the growth, seed yield (0.82 g/m(2)) and yield components of camelina genotypes. Both camelina genotypes (611 and 618) did not differ significantly under water deficit conditions.Öğe Breeding for water-use efficiency in wheat: progress, challenges and prospects(Springer, 2024) Hafeez, Aqsa; Ali, Shehzad; Javed, Muhammad Ammar; Iqbal, Rashid; Khan, Muhammad Nauman; Cig, Fatih; EL Sabagh, AymanDrought poses a significant challenge to wheat production globally, leading to substantial yield losses and affecting various agronomic and physiological traits. The genetic route offers potential solutions to improve water-use efficiency (WUE) in wheat and mitigate the negative impacts of drought stress. Breeding for drought tolerance involves selecting desirable plants such as efficient water usage, deep root systems, delayed senescence, and late wilting point. Biomarkers, automated and high-throughput techniques, and QTL genes are crucial in enhancing breeding strategies and developing wheat varieties with improved resilience to water scarcity. Moreover, the role of root system architecture (RSA) in water-use efficiency is vital, as roots play a key role in nutrient and water uptake. Genetic engineering techniques offer promising avenues to introduce desirable RSA traits in wheat to enhance drought tolerance. These technologies enable targeted modifications in DNA sequences, facilitating the development of drought-tolerant wheat germplasm. The article highlighted the techniques that could play a role in mitigating drought stress in wheat.Öğe Determination of Effects of Increasing Dose Biochar and Vermicompost Applications on Nutrient Content in Wheat and Soil(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2019) Sonmez, Ferit; Cig, FatihThe experiment was conducted growth chamber conditions at Bolu Abant. Izzet. Baysal University, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences. Increasing different rates of biochar and vermicompost (0%, 5%, 10% and 20%) were used in this study. The experiment was conducted with four replications a randomized plots design. In this study, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron, manganese, zinc and copper in plant and soil samples were analyzed. Result of the analyzes indicated that biochar and vermicompost applications on the nutrient content of the plant and soil samples caused significant changes compared to the control. According to control group plants. the most significant changes in the content of wheat plant parts and soil nutrients were determined in the applications doses of %5 (K and Ca elements) and %20 (Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu elements) of vermicompost It was found that application rate of 20% biochar increased to vermicompost as much. As a result, the application of biochar can be used as a good soil regulator and organic fertilizer source.Öğe DIVERSITY AND METABOLIC POTENTIAL OF CULTURABLE N2-FIXING AND P-SOLUBILISING BACTERIA FROM RHIZOSPHERE OF WILD CROPS IN VAN LAKE BASIN -TURKEY(Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2024) Erman, Murat; Kotan, Recep; Cakmakci, Ramazan; Cig, Fatih; Karagoez, Kenan; Soenmez, Ferit; EL Sabagh, AymanThe diversity of phosphate solubilizing and nitrogen -fixing bacteria from rhizospheric soil samples of different plant species (native wild cereals, beet, stonecrops, onion, rose, raspberry, and 10 other plant genera) grown at four different locations in the Van Lake Basin, Turkey were investigated. A total of 169 rhizosperic soil samples were gathered from these plant species, and over 777 rhizoplane bacteria were haphazardly selected from agar -solidified trypticase soy broth and examined for fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) reports. As a result, 57 bacterial genera were recognised, which 64.8% gone to five genera viz., Bacillus (29.6%), Pseudomonas (9.8%), Stenotrophomonas (9.7%), Paenibacillus (5.7%), Micrococcus (5.1%), and Arthrobacter (4.9%). Approximately 56.8% of bacteria were found to be gram -positive (GPB), while 43.2% as gram -negative bacteria (GNB). In the of total GPB, 56.3% were N2 -fixing bacteria and 46.6% were P-solubilising bacteria, while in the case of GNB, 43.7% were N2 -fixing bacteria and 53.4% were P-solubilising bacteria. A total of 651 bacteria were isolated from the rhizospheric samples of the 20 plant genera, and subjected to further analysis. Of the 651 isolates, 542 were able to fix nitrogen, 279 were able to solubilize phosphates, and 247 isolates could fix both nitrogen and solubilize phosphates all at once. Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Paenibacillus, Micrococcus, Serratia, and Pantoea genera were the most prominent N2 -fixing and P-solubilising groups. Additionally, B. megaterium, B. atrophaeus, B. cereus, B. pumilus, B. licheniformis, B. subtilis, Pb. polymyxa, Pb. macerans, Pb. macquariensis, Bb. choshinensis, Ste. maltophilia, Ps. fluorescens, Ps. putida, Ps. stutzeri, Pn. agglomerans, Mic. luteus, Rco. erythropolis, Kocuria rosea, Csb. Meningosepticum, and Serratia fonticola were the mainly frequent P-solubilising and N2 -fixing species in the native rhizosphere soils of plants.Öğe Effect of Biochar and PGPR on the Growth and Nutrients Content of Einkorn Wheat (Triticum monococcum L.) and Post-Harvest Soil Properties(Mdpi, 2021) Cig, Fatih; Soenmez, Ferit; Nadeem, Muhammad Azhar; El Sabagh, AymanLimited availability of nutrients to crops is a major agricultural concern. Deteriorated soil health and poor fertility status decrease the bioavailability of essential nutrients to the plants. Consequently, organic soil amendment biochar is gaining attention due to its potential benefits. Rhizobacterial inoculation, are also documented as an effective technology for mobilization of immobile nutrients in soil. However, limited literature is available on combined use of rhizobacteria and biochar. Therefore, this study was carried out to examine the changes in the nutrient content of einkorn wheat and the change in some soil properties during the application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) with biochar. Four doses of biochar (0, 2.5, 5, and 10%) were applied with and without PGPR in the study. Biochar increased the growth criteria such as plant fresh weight (PFW), plant dry weight (PDW), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), number of tillers, germination rate (GR) and potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), and nickel (Ni) elements. While PGPR application increased soil pH, dry and fresh weight of root, R/S, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, and Ni contents, and it caused a decrease in PH, PFW, tillers, GR, P, Cu, and Zn values. Combined biochar applications and PGPR had a significant effect on the pH, RFW, R/S, P, Na, and Cu. In conclusion, the combination of biochar and PGPR applications has shown a positive effect in terms of soil properties, plant growth, and element contents of einkorn wheat.Öğe Effects of chemical, organic and microbial fertilization on agronomical growth parameters, seed yield and chemical composition of chickpea(Polish Society Magnesium Research, 2023) Dogan, Serap; Cig, FatihBecause of its valuable nutritional content, chickpea is expected to become the most important crop for the increasingly larger global population. Therefore, this research was carried out in 2018 and 2019 to investigate the effects of microbial (Bacillus-GC group, Pseudomonas tetraodonis and Brevibacillus choshinensis), organic (vermicompost and chicken manure) and chemical (DAP/2 ve DAP) fertilizer applications on yield and nutritient content of two different chickpea cultivars (Arda and Azkan). The experiment was laid out according to a randomized complete split-block design with three replications. The results expressed as the average values of two-year experiments projected that the application of chicken manure significantly improved the morphological traits of chickpea plants compared to the other treatments, while the highest phosphorus content was recorded after the application of farm manure. Additionally, the highest grain yield from both cultivars was obtained owing to the application of chicken manure. Apart from this effect, other microbial applications also played a positive role in plant growth and production, but chicken manure excelled in this respect. Thus, it has been concluded that chicken manure could be used as a suitable alternative to chemical fertilizer for chickpea cultivation in order to create a sustainable agricultural system, increase productivity and protect and improve soil properties.Öğe Enhancement of Root System Architecture, Seedling Growth, and Germination in Lentil under Salinity Stress by Seed Priming with Silicon and Salicylic Acid(Hard, 2023) Ceritoglu, Mustafa; Erman, Murat; Cig, Fatih; Ceritoglu, Figen; Ucar, Ozge; Soysal, Sipan; EL Sabagh, AymanTo deal with increasing salinization, plants show an array of responses such as root system architecture remodelling, thereby enhancing stress tolerance. Although various chemical, molecular and genetic techniques such that generally expensive and difficult applications are used to enhance stress tolerance, out of them, seed priming with suitable substrates is an easy-applicable and cost-effective treatment. The experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of salicylic acid (SA), silicon (Si), and sodium chloride (NaCl) priming on lentil seed germination parameters, seedling development, and root system architecture. In 2022, the experiment was carried out in the Field Crops Department laboratory at Siirt University in Turkey. Petri and pot investigations were part of the two stages of the experiment. Three concentrations of NaCl and priming treatments were utilized. Germination characteristics were impeded by rising saline levels. But seed priming, which boosted uniformity of germination by 50% as compared to unprimed seeds under saline stress, enhanced germination characteristics. A pot experiment revealed that the dry matter accumulation in roots was reduced by 24.6% due to salt stress. Si priming increased number of lateral roots by 32.6% compared to control seeds, whereas salt stress lowered it by 22.8%. The total length of lateral roots (TLLR) and mean length of lateral roots (MLLR) were inhibited by salinity stress by 75% and 63, respectively. Total root area was reduced by salinity stress by almost 70%, although seed priming increased it by as much as 29.3%. The SA and Si priming treatments improved germination stage and induced seedling growth by reducing salinity stress via more effective shoot development and root system architecture. In conclusion, seed priming with SA and Si is an affordable and sustainable method for reducing salt stress in lentil farming.Öğe Enhancing Drought Tolerance in Wheat through Improving Morpho-Physiological and Antioxidants Activities of Plants by the Supplementation of Foliar Silicon(Tech Science Press, 2020) Ahmad, Zahoor; Waraich, Ejaz Ahmad; Barutcular, Celaleddin; Hossain, Akbar; Erman, Murat; Cig, Fatih; Gharib, HanyThe main objective of the research is to assess the role of foliar application of silicon (Si) for enhancing the survival ability of wheat under drought stress through improving its morphology, physicochemical and antioxidants activities. Treatments were five doses of Si at the rate of 2, 4, 6 and 8 mM and a control. After completion of seeds germination, pots were divided into four distinct groups at various field capacity (FC) levels, such as 100% FC (well-irrigated condition), 75% FC (slight water deficit), 50% FC (modest water deficit) and 25% FC (severe water deficit stress condition). Foliar application of Si at the rate of 2, 4, 6 and 8 mM and a control were given after 30 days of sowing at the tillering stage of wheat. Findings of the present investigation indicated that increasing the level of water deficit stress reduced the morphological parameters (such as root and shoot fresh and dry-biomass weight) and physico-biochemical events ((such as chlorophyll contents by estimating SPAD value), total free amino acid (TFAA), total soluble sugar (TSS), total soluble protein (TSP), total proline (TP), CAT (catalase), POD (peroxidase), SOD (superoxide dismutase) and APX (ascorbate peroxidase)) of wheat; while foliar application of Si at 6 mM at tillering stage enhanced the drought tolerance in wheat by increasing morphology and physiochemical characters under all levels of drought stress. Similarly, antioxidants activities in wheat also enhanced by the application of Si at 6 mM under normal as well as all drought stress levels. Therefore, it may be concluded that foliar application of Si at 6 mM at the tillering stage of wheat is an important indication for increasing the drought tolerance by improving the morphology, physico-biochemical and antioxidants activities in plants under deficit water (drought) conditions.Öğe FOLIAGE APPLIED SILICON AMELIORATES DROUGHT STRESS THROUGH PHYSIO-MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS, OSMOPROTECTANTS AND ANTIOXIDANT METABOLISM OF CAMELINA (Camelina sativa L.) GENOTYPES(Univ Life Sciences Lublin, 2021) Ahmad, Zahoor; Warraich, Ejaz Ahmad; Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir; Barutcular, Celaleddin; Alharby, Hesham; Bamagoos, Atif; Cig, FatihSilicon (Si) is one of the best plant defense elements against the biotic and abiotic stresses. Camelina plants accumulate Si which serves in protection against drought stress. The present study was conducted to inves-tigate the impact of different doses of foliage applied Si (0, 3, 6 and 9 mM) under water stress (40% field capacity, FC) and non-stress conditions (100% FC) on camelina genotypes (Canadian and Australian). The imposed drought drastically decreased the growth parameters like root-shoot length and plant fresh and dry weight and also had negative impact on the chlorophyll content along with water relation attributes (water potential, osmotic potential and turgor pressure). In contrast, total free amino acids, total soluble proteins, proline and antioxidants such as ascorbic peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were enhanced especially in water stressed Canadian genotype, while osmoprotectants (flavonoids, anthocyanins and glycinebetaine) and phenolics contents were decreased. On the other hand, the foliar application of Si was instrumental in enhancing the growth of camelina by increasing the chlorophyll contents and water relation of stressed and non-stressed plants. Similarly, the biochemical, osmoprotectants and antioxidant metabolism was also improved in camelina stressed plants through the application of foliar Si. In conclusion, foliar application of 6 mM Si at vegetative growth stage played a vital role in alleviating the drastic impact of water stress on camelina growth by improving the water status, chlorophyll content, accumulation of phenolics and osmoprotectants and activating antioxidants. Therefore, the foliar application of Si could be developed as an important biologically viable strategy for boosting the tolerance in camelina plants to water stress conditions.Öğe Plant growth promoting bacteria enhances photosynthesis, nodulation and root system architecture in lentil under lead toxicity(Univ Zagreb, Fac Agriculture, 2022) Erman, Murat; Cig, Fatih; Ceritoglu, Figen; Ceritoglu, MustafaThe usage of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) in mitigation of harmful effects of lead (Pb) toxicity in plants and bioremediation of it from soils is a sustainable, effective and low-cost strategy. The experiment was laid out to investigate the role of PGPB on morphological and physiological growth, root system architecture and nodulation of lentil under Pb stress. The experiment was conducted according to completely randomized factorial design with four replications at the laboratory of the Field Crops Department, Siirt University, Siirt in 2022. The four Pb levels and three bacterial inoculations were used in the experiment. Plant height, seedling fresh weight, root fresh weight, seedling dry weight, root dry weight, total chlorophyll content, taproot length, number of lateral roots, total root length and number of nodule varied between 15.7-25.9 cm, 0.123-0.235 g, 0.019-0.092 g, 0.0104-0.0326 g, 0.0076-0.0146 g, 27.9-47.2%, 8.9-19.2 cm, 4.00-14.67, 17.6-44.8 cm and 1.37-10.63, respectively. Bio-priming with PGPB containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase activity increased dry matter accumulation up to 56.1% and 22.9% in shoots and roots, respectively. Chlorophyll content enhanced up to 17.9% compared with control application. Besides, root system architecture and nodule formation were improved by bio-priming both under stress and non-stress conditions. Bio-priming with PGPB may be a sustainable solution to mitigate oxidative stress and promote plant growth and yield in lentil under Pb-contaminated soils.Öğe Screening of lentil genotypes during germination and early growth stages under PEG-induced drought stress(Inst Investigaciones Agropecuarias - Inia, 2024) Cig, Fatih; Erman, Murat; EL Sabagh, Ayman; Ceritoglu, Mustafa; Soysal, Sipan; Ucar, Ozge; Ceritoglu, FigenThe objective of this experiment was to determine drought tolerance exhibited by lentil lines developed by the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) in an artificial environment, and to investigate the relationships between traits with various methods. This experiment examined 15 traits of 21 lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) accessions grown under artificial drought stress created with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000 (0%, 10%, 15% and 20%) concentrations during germination and early seedling stages. Germination characteristics, seedling developmental properties and root system architecture traits were investigated to observed the impacts of drought stress. The originality lies in enabling the identification of drought-tolerant and sensitive genotypes through a brief and practical research method, while shedding light on the key traits by principal component analysis. The first two PCs explained 22.9% and 31.7% (total 54.6%) under optimal conditions while they described 14% and 58.3% (total 72.3%) under PEG-induced drought conditions, respectively. Variation in PC1 was mostly contributed by positive coefficients of germination index, uniformity of germination and germination energy, and negative coefficients of mean germination time. Variation in PC2 was mostly contributed by positive coefficients of seedling vigor index, root fresh weight and root dry weight. 'Tigris', G3664 and G3840 exhibited higher performance in terms of germination characteristics, while G3710, G3829 and G3840 produced higher DM accumulation, total biomass and lateral roots. Overall, PC-biplot denoted that selection based on germination index and seedling vigor index at germination and seedling stages would improve drought tolerance. In conclusion, genotypes G3840 and G3664 were identified as drought-tolerant, whereas genotypes G35, G3659, G3759, G3837, and G3844 were classified as drought-sensitive. In addition, G3664, G3840 and G3710 exhibited the highest stress tolerance index (STI) under artificial drought conditions.Öğe Seed Priming Boosts Plant Growth, Yield Attributes, Seed Chemical and Antioxidant Composition in Lentil under Low-Phosphorus Field Conditions(Springer, 2024) Ceritoglu, Mustafa; Erman, Murat; Cig, FatihAlthough legumes can meet nitrogen requirements via symbiotic nitrogen fixation, they must acquire phosphorus from the rhizosphere through their roots. Additionally, the fixation of phosphorus with various cations in soils reduces its availability, thereby decreasing its effectiveness and increasing production costs. This study was conducted during the 2021-22 and 2022-23 growing seasons to investigate the effects of seed pre-treatment (priming) and phosphorus doses on plant growth, yield attributes, and seed chemical composition in lentil at Siirt, Turkiye. Six seed priming treatments and four phosphorus doses were used in the study. The research was laid out in split-plot randomized complete block design with four replications. According to the results, phosphorus fertilizer increased seed yield, but there was no statistical difference between 15 and 60 kg P2O5 ha(- 1). Seed priming had a synergistic effect, allowing for higher seed yield when combined with phosphorus fertilizer, especially silicon priming resulting in high seed yield even at low phosphorus fertilizer doses. This result also indicated that seed priming improved phosphorus efficiency. The highest seed yield and net income were obtained by 6 kg P2O5 ha(- 1) with silicon priming treatment. Moreover, seed priming with salicylic acid, beneficial bacteria and silicon boosted growth and yield attributes, and seed chemical composition. Silicon priming increased the total antioxidant content in seeds while salicylic acid priming provided opportunities for both the increase of total antioxidants and phenolics. In conclusion, seed priming is an easy-to-implement and economical method for reducing phosphorus fertilizer and an effective way for higher profitability in lentil cultivation.Öğe Sheep manure and sewage sludge boost biofortification of barley and restricts heavy metal accumulation in plant tissues(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2024) Erman, Murat; Cig, Fatih; Sonmez, Ferit; Ceritoglu, MustafaIn recent centuries, micronutrient deficiencies are considered a major challenge for human health. Biofortification of principal crops has been broadly accepted as a sustainable scenario to overcome this limitation. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized factorial design with three replications during the 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 growing seasons. Four fertilizers and two doses of humic acid were used in the experiment. Analysis of variance indicated that humic acid, fertilizer type, and growing season caused statistically significant differences in macro and micronutrient content and heavy metal concentrations of shoot and seed in plants. Results also denoted that organic material amendment improved macro and micronutrient content of barley plants compared with IF in which SS treatment increased Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, and Ni concentrations in shoot/seed while SM treatment enhanced N, P, and K concentration of plants. Moreover, IF-treated plants increased heavy metal accumulation in shoot and seed tissues whereas organic amendments reduced heavy metal uptake such that the lowest Pb and Cd were determined in SM-treated plants, and the lowest Ni content was measured in W-treated samples. HA application promoted Zn, Mg, and Cu accumulation in plants, however, individual or combined with fertilizers reduced other micro and macronutrient uptake. In conclusion, the amendment of 40 tons ha-1 of sheep manure and sewage sludge is an improving and beneficial practice in barley cultivation for the biofortification of crops. However, HA treatment did not form a meaningful whole in the experiment but promoted Zn, Mg, and Cu concentrations in plant tissues.
