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    Evaluation of Drought Tolerance of Some Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes through Phenology, Growth, and Physiological Indices
    (Mdpi, 2021) Chowdhury, M. Kaium; Hasan, M. A.; Bahadur, M. M.; Islam, Md Rafiqul; Hakim, Md Abdul; Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir; Javed, Talha
    Increasing human population and changing climate, which have given rise to frequent drought spells, pose a serious threat to global food security, while identification of high yielding drought tolerant genotypes remains a proficient approach to cope with these challenges. To offer a methodology for the evaluation of the drought-tolerant wheat genotypes based on the pheno-physiological traits, a field experiment was executed, entailing four wheat genotypes viz. BARI Gom 26, BAW 1158, BAW 1167, and BAW 1169 and two water conditions viz. control treatment (three times irrigation at 20, 50, and 70 DAS, i.e., 100% field capacity) and stressed treatment (no irrigation during the entire growing season). The results revealed that drought stress drastically reduced the days to booting, heading, anthesis and physiological maturity, relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll content, canopy temperature depression (CTD), and photo-assimilates-spike dry matter (SDM), grains spike(-1) and grain yield of all wheat genotypes. In addition, the genotypes BAW 1167 and BARI Gom 26 remained more prone to adverse effects of drought as compared to BAW 1169 and BAW 1158. Furthermore, DS induced biosynthesis of compatible solutes such as proline, especially in BAW 1169, which enabled plants to defend against oxidative stress. It was inferred that BAW 1169 remained superior by exhibiting the best adaptation as indicated by the maximum relative values of RWC, total chlorophyll, CTD, proline content, SDM, grains spike(-1), and grain yield of wheat. Thus, based on our findings, BAW 1169 may be recommended for general adoption and utilization in future wheat breeding programs aimed at developing potent drought-tolerant wheat genotypes to ensure food security on a sustainable basis.
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    Responses of Water and Pigments Status, Dry Matter Partitioning, Seed Production, and Traits of Yield and Quality to Foliar Application of GA3 in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.)
    (Frontiers Media Sa, 2021) Islam, Mohammad Sohidul; Hasan, Md. K.; Islam, Bushra; Renu, Nowrin Akhter; Hakim, Mohammad A.; Islam, Mohammad Rafiqul; Chowdhury, M. Kaium
    This study evaluated the role of gibberellic acid [GA(3); (0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm)] in modulation of the growth, physiology, yield, and quality traits in two varieties (BARI Mung-6 and BARI Mung-8) of mungbean (Vigna radiata L.). Irrespective of the two varieties (BARI Mung-6 and BARI Mung-8), 100, 200, and 300 ppm of GA(3) differentially modulated the tested parameters (relative water content, RWC; photosynthetic pigments: chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids; growth parameters: fresh and dry weights of leaves, petioles, stems, and roots; yield contributing traits such as plant height, number of pods plant(-1), number of grains pod(-1), pod length, and 100-grain weight; quality traits such as grain nitrogen and protein). However, compared to the lowest GA(3) (100 ppm) and the highest GA(3) (300 ppm), the moderate concentration of GA(3) (200 ppm) led to highest values of leaf-RWC, where this parameter exhibited 16.1 and 13.4% increase in BARI Mung-8 and BARI Mung-6, respectively. Similarly, the tested herein growth parameters and the yield traits significantly increased up to the foliar application of the moderate GA(3) concentration (200 ppm), and thereafter these traits decreased with 300 ppm GA(3). The 200 ppm-led changes in the growth and yield traits were significantly higher in BARI Mung-8 when compared to BARI Mung-6. Considering the quality traits, GA(3) positively influenced the nitrogen and protein content in grains, where 200 ppm of GA(3) led to increases of 25.2% in N, and 17.7% in protein over control in BARI Mung-6; whereas, BARI Mung-8 exhibited 28.3% in N, and 18.3% in protein with 200 ppm GA(3) over control. Overall, BARI Mung-8 significantly responded to the foliar supply of 200 ppm GA(3) when compared to BARI Mung-6. Hence, in order to high yield and grain protein content, the application of 200 ppm GA(3) may be applied in V. radiata before and during flowering. The major mechanisms underlying the responses of the water relation, growth, and yield traits to the GA(3) concentrations need to be explored.
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    Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Genotypes Under Salinity Stress
    (Hard, 2024) Ahmed, Abdirahim Muse; Wais, Abdikasim Hashi; Ditta, Allah; Islam, Md. Rafiqul; Chowdhury, M. Kaium; Pramanik, Moaz Hosen; Ismaan, Hassan Nuur
    Salt stress causes deleterious impacts on the germination, growth, and productivity of various crop plants. Screening new cultivars regarding salt stress tolerance could enhance the growth and productivity of sorghum. In this regard, an experiment was conducted at the laboratory of the Department of Agronomy, Hajee Mohamad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Bangladesh, in October 2018 to find out salt tolerance based on seed germination and seedling growth traits. The experiment consisted of seven sorghum varieties, viz. Adan Gab, Karmici, Debuday, ESP/S01, Green Jambuplus, Jambo, and Elmi Jama, and three levels of salt stress, viz. 0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl-induced salt stress, laid out completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. The seeds of the seven sorghum varieties were placed in plastic trays (20 cm x 10 cm) on a sand bed irrigated with tap water (control) and NaCl (100 and 200 mM salinity levels) solutions. Data were collected on germination character and seedling growth at parameters. The collected data were analyzed statistically and means were adjudged by DMRT at 1 and 5% level of probability. The results of the experiment revealed that salinity stress significantly reduced the germination percentage (GP) and germination rate (GR) of sorghum in all sorghum varieties, and the variety Debuday showed the highest values of GP and GR, while Karmici showed the lowest values under 100 and 200 NaCl stress. Moreover, the root and shoot lengths, fresh weights, and dry weights gradually decreased with salinity levels, and the minimum reduction was recorded in Debuday, whereas the maximum reduction was in the Karmici variety. Higher Na and lower K accumulation of the Debuday genotype can be treated as salt tolerant. Contrary, the salt tolerance index (STI) based on the root and shoot dry weight in the Debuday variety exhibited the highest values, and the Karmici variety exhibited the minimum values under salt stresses. The inhibition of GP and GR, and lengths and biomass weight of root and shoot, were at the minimum level, while, on the contrary, the values declined superficially in the Karmici variety. Therefore, it can be concluded that the variety Debuday is indorsed as a salt-tolerant sorghum variety, and Karmici is a more susceptible one, based on the seed germination and seedling growth properties.
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    The effect of zinc fertilization and cow dung on sterility and quantitative traits of rice
    (TathQeef Scientific Publishing, 2021) Islam, Mohammad Sohidul; Khatun, Mst. Khaleda; Hafeez, A. S. M. Golam; Chowdhury, M. Kaium; Konuşkan, Ömer; Barutcular, Celaleddin; Erman, Murat
    The grain yield of rice is far below from its potential yield due low organic matter and micronutrients in the soil. Application of cow dung and zinc fertilizer increases grain yield and quality. A field experiment was, therefore, conducted to evaluate the effect of zinc fertilization and well decomposed cow dung on the spikelet sterility, yield, zinc concentration in grains and plants of aromatic rice (cv. Tulshimala). In this experiment, two levels of well decomposed cowd ung (CD) of 0, 10 tha-1, and four doses of zinc fertilization viz. 0, 2.16, 4.32, 6.48 kg ha-1 of zinc were used following eight treatment combinations. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with replication thrice. The data revealed that zinc fertilization remarkably increased the grain yield of Tulshimala by reducing the spikelet sterility percentages in both conditions of CD and the efficiency of zinc fertilization was superior in manuring (CD) condition to non-manuring condition. However, zinc fertilization at the rate of 4.32 kg ha-1 of zinc produced the maximum grain yields under manuring and non-manuring conditions. Zinc fertilization increased the concentration of Zn in the rice plants and grains without and with CD. The strong linear relationship between the grain yield and zinc concentration in the rice plants and grains was found with in this study. Zinc fertilization increased the grain yield and quality by decreasing sterility percentage under CD. Hence, for increasing productivity towards food security in future generation, integrated use organic and inorganic fertilizers should be used. © The authors.