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    Determination of the Relationship of Serum Amino Acid Profile with Sex and Body Weight in Healthy Geese by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
    (Facta-Fundacio Arnco Ciencia Tecnologia Avicolas, 2022) Yavuz, E.; Iiak, K.; Celik, O. Y.; Bolacali, M.; Ergiden, Y.; Gurgoze, S.
    The aim of this study is to determine the serum amino acid profile using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS / MS) in healthy male and female geese of the same age that were raised in similar care and feeding conditions. The animal material of the study consisted of a total of 41 geese, 18 male, and 23 female of the same age (9 months). After a 12h fasting period of the geese, blood samples were taken from V. subcutanaeulnaris into tubes without anticoagulant. After separating the serums, the samples were preserved at -20 degrees C degrees until Methylglutaryl (Met-Glu), Valine (Val), Leucyl-Isoleucine (Leu-Ile), Methionine (Met), Phenylalanine (Phe), Argininosuccinate (ASA), Tyrosine (Tyr), Aspartic acid (Asp), Alanine (Ala), Arginine (Arg), Citrulline (Cit), Glycine (Gly), Ornithine (Orn), Glutamic acid (Glu) were analyzed. The Val, Asp, Arg, Cit, Gly, and Orn levels of male geese were higher compared to female geese in the research (p<0.05). It was determined that Asp, Arg, Cit, and Gly levels increased as the body weights of the geese increased (p<0.05). It was also determined that the effect of Gender x Body Weight interaction on Val, Cit, and Orn levels was significant (p<0.05). As a result; it has been concluded that the serum amino acid profile of healthy geese can vary according to gender and live weight, and more studies are needed to elucidate the reasons for these changes.
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    First detection of Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia canis, and Anaplasma ovis in Rhipicephalus bursa ticks collected from sheep, Turkey
    (Polska Akad Nauk, Polish Acad Sciences, Univ Warmia & Mazury Olsztyn, 2024) Ayan, A.; Celik, B. Aslan; Celik, O. Y.; Kilinc, O. Orunc; Akyildiz, G.; Yilmaz, A. B.; Ipek, D. N. Sayin
    Anaplasmosis and ehrlichiosis are important tick -borne rickettsial diseases of medical and veterinary importance that cause economic losses in livestock. In this study, the prevalence of Anaplasma ovis, Ehrlichia canis and Ehrlichia chaffeensis was investigated in ticks collected from sheep in various farms in Van province, which is located in the Eastern Anatolian Region of Turkey. The ticks used in this study were collected by random sampling in 26 family farm business in 13 districts of Van province. A total of 688 ticks were collected from 88 sheep and 88 tick pools were created. All ticks identified morphologically as Rhipicephalus bursa. Phylogenetic analysis of Chaperonin and 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed A. ovis, E. canis and E. chaffeensis in this study. Of the 88 tick pools tested, 28.41% (25/88) were positive for at least one pathogen. Anaplasma DNA was detected in five of the 88 pools (5.68%), E. canis DNA was detected in 19 of the 88 pools (21.59%), and E. chaffeensis DNA was detected in one of the 88 pools (1.14%) of R. bursa ticks. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the presence of A. ovis, E. canis, and E. chaffeensis in R. bursa ticks collected from sheep in Turkey. Further studies are needed to investigate other co -infections in sheep in Turkey.
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    Investigation of the effects of live weight and sex on oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters in healthy geese - preliminary study
    (Eugen Ulmer Gmbh Co, 2023) Yavuz, E.; Irak, K.; Celik, O. Y.; Bolacali, M.; Ergiden, Y.; Tufan, T.; Gurgoze, S.
    This study was carried out to determine the effects of live weight and sex on oxidant respective antioxidant status in clinically healthy geese. The total antioxidant level (TAS), total oxidant level (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), ferric ion reducing agent antioxidant power (FRAP) and Glutathione (GSH) levels were measured in serum samples from a total of 41 geese (18 males and 23 females) at 9 months of age, bred under the conditions of local breeders. While it was determined that live weight and sex had an effect on TOS and FRAP parameters, but it did not affect TAS, OSI and GSH values in geese. A negative relationship between live weight gain and TOS levels was found. It was detected that FRAP levels were higher in female geese than in males (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the relationship between TOS level and live weight of healthy geese should be further investigated and that the FRAP level could be evaluated as an indicator of antioxidant power in healthy geese of different sexes.
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    Investigation of the protective effect of chitosan against arsenic-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative damage in rat kidney tissue
    (Polska Akad Nauk, Polish Acad Sciences, Univ Warmia & Mazury Olsztyn, 2024) Irak, K.; Celik, O. Y.; Bolacali, M.; Tufan, T.; Ozcan, C.; Yildirim, S.; Bolat, I.
    Arsenic is an important metalloid that can cause poisoning in humans and domestic animals. Exposure to arsenic causes cell damage, increasing the production of reactive oxygen species. Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained by deacetylation of chitin with antioxidant and metal ion chelating properties. In this study, the protective effect of chitosan on arsenic -induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative damage was investigated. 32 male Wistar-albino rats were divided into 4 groups of 8 rats each as control group (C), chitosan group (CS group), arsenic group (AS group), and arsenic+chitosan group (AS+CS group). The C group was given distilled water by oral gavage, the AS group was given 100 ppm/day Na-arsenite ad libitum with drinking water, the CS group was given 200 mg/kg/day chitosan dissolved in saline by oral gavage, the AS+CS group was given 100 ppm/day Na-arsenite ad libitum with drinking water and 200 mg/kg/day chitosan dissolved in saline by oral gavage for 30 days. At the end of the 30 -day experimental period, 90 mg/kg ketamine was administered intraperitoneally to all rats, and blood samples and kidney tissues were collected. Urea, uric acid, creatinine, P, Mg, K, Ca, Na, Cystatin C (CYS-C), Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) and Kidney Injury Molecule 1 (KIM -1) levels were measured in serum samples. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the supernatant obtained from kidney tissue were analyzed by ELISA method. Compared with AS group, uric acid and creatinine levels of the AS+CS group were significantly decreased (p<0.001), urea, KIM -1, CYS-C, NGAL, and MDA levels were numerically decreased and CAT, GSH, and SOD levels were numerically increased (p>0.05). In conclusion, based on both biochemical and histopathological-immunohistochemical-immunofluorescence findings, it can be concluded that chitosan attenuates kidney injury and protects the kidney.
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    Molecular detection and subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp. from shelter dogs and cats in Van, Turkey: First report of ST10 in cats and ST1, ST10 and ST30 in dogs
    (Polska Akad Nauk, Polish Acad Sciences, Univ Warmia & Mazury Olsztyn, 2024) Ayan, A.; Celik, B. Aslan; Celik, O. Y.; Yilmaz, A. B.; Kilinc, O. Orunc; Ayan, O. Oktay
    Blastocystis is an intestinal protist commonly found in humans and many different animal species. It is probably the most common enteric parasite with an estimated one billion infections worldwide. The fecal materials for this study were collected from 100 cats and 200 dogs different age and sex in shelter in Van, Turkey. DNA extraction, PCR amplification and sequence analysis were performed on the fecal samples. As a result, a prevalence of 1% (1/100) in cats and 1.5% (3/200) in dogs was detected. The prevalence was higher in both cats and dogs, in age groups younger than one year and in females according to gender. Sequence analysis revealed Blastocystis sp. ST10 in cats and Blastocystis sp. ST1, ST10 and ST30 in dogs. The sequences obtained were deposited in Genbank. In conclusion, stray cats and dogs may be a source of infection for other cats and dogs, and the detection of zoonotic ST1 in dogs suggests that dogs may be a reservoir for human infection.
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    Occurence and genotype distribution of Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia duodenalis in sheep in Siirt, Turkey
    (Polska Akad Nauk, Polish Acad Sciences, Univ Warmia & Mazury Olsztyn, 2023) Celik, B. Aslan; Celik, O. Y.; Ayan, A.; Kilinc, O. Orunc; Akyildiz, G.; Irak, K.; Selcuk, M. A.
    Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia duodenalis are intestinal protozoan parasites known to infect humans and various animals and cause diarrhea. This study aimed at determining the prevalence and genotype of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in sheep in different locations of Siirt province. The fecal material for this study was collected from 500 sheep in different locations of Siirt province, Turkey. Fecal samples obtained from sheep were examined for Cryptosporidium spp. by Kinyoun Acid Fast staining and the Nested PCR method. Microscopic and Nested PCR methods revealed a prevalence of 2.4% (12/500) and 3.6% (18/500), respectively. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of C. ryanae, C. andersoni, and zoonotic C. parvum. In terms of Giardia duodenalis, 8.4% (42/500) and 10.2% (51/500) prevalence was determined using Nativ-Lugol and Nested PCR methods, respectively. Using sequence analysis, zoonotic assemblages A and B as well as assemblages E and D were detected. As a result of this study, both the prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis and the presence of species that appear to be host-specific, as well as those known to be zoonotic, were revealed. A large-scale study is needed to understand the impact of these agents on sheep farming and their consequences on human health.
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    Oxidant/Antioxidant Status and Certain Trace Elements Relationship in Hair Goats Naturally Infected by Neospora caninum
    (Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2022) Celik, B. A.; Celik, O. Y.; Irak, K.; Bolacali, M.
    This study was performed to determine the prevalence of Neospora caninum in female hair goats raised in different locations of the Siirt province of Turkey, and to investigate the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), Zinc (Zn), and Copper (Cu) levels of the infected goats. The animal material of the study consists of a total of 184 female hair goats that are between 1 to 6 years old with the random sampling method. Investigation of the N.caninum antibodies was then performed using a commercial ELISA kit. The results of the ELISA tests reveal that the prevalence of N. caninum in the province of Siirt was 10.33% (19/184) positive, 7.61% (14/184) suspected, and 82.07% (151/184) negative. According to the ELISA test results, 10 seropositive and 10 seronegative sera samples were used in the TAS, TOS, Zn, and Cu analysis. The TAS (p<0.01) and Zn (p<0.001) levels of goats positive with N. caninum were found to be lower compared to those of the seronegative goats, while their TOS and Cu levels were higher (p<0.05). This study was the first to determine the N.caninum prevalence in the goats raised in the province of Siirt. It was concluded that it would be beneficial to take precautionary measures, as well as further studies with larger scopes to be performed which should also involve dogs as the definitive host. Furthermore, the oxidative stress parameters (TAS, TOS) and certain trace elements (Zn, Cu) were found to be affected by Neosporosis, which should be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
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    Serum C-Reactive Protein, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, and White Blood Cell Count in Romanov Sheep with Infectious Keratoconjunctivitis
    (Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2018) Akgul, G.; Akgul, M. B.; Irak, K.; Celik, O. Y.; Demirbilek, Kahya S.; Uzabaci, E.
    This study aimed to evaluate the use of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell count (WBC) as markers of the severity of inflammation in the eyes of the Romanov breed sheep with infectious keratoconjunctivitis. A total of 10 Romanov breed sheep between the 1.5 and 2 years of age, including the ones carrying infectious keratoconjunctivitis (G1, n = 5) and healthy ones (G2, n = 5), which were housed under the same care and nutrition conditions were examined, in a sheep breeding enterprise within the boundaries of Siirt province. Staphylococcus aureus sp., Clostridium spp., and Penicillium spp. were detected based on the microscopic morphology of the colonies in swabs collected from the eyes of sick animals. Biochemical tests were performed relevant to the suspected agents while no growth was detected in the swabs of the control group. There was a statistically significant difference in serum CRP and WBC levels between the G1 and G2 groups (p<0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between the values of the other parameters tested. Higher levels of CRP and WBC were determined in sheep having infectious keratoconjunctivitis, are compared to those in healthy animals.