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    CLASSIFICATION OF ELEMENTS OF THE SENTENCE
    (Selcuk Univ, Inst Turkish Studies, 2015) Bulak, Sahap
    Accurate classification of the elements of the sentence plays an essential role in resolution of the problems in Turkish syntax. Within the articles and syntax books about the syntax published up to now, while subject and predicate have been considered as main/key/compulsory elements, elements other than those have been regarded as auxiliary elements. However, since such a classification does not represent the qualities of the elements of the sentence in full, it did not only leave resolve the problems unsolved in syntax but also delayed its resolution. This situation reveals a requirement for a new classification for items of the sentence. This study has been carried out to meet the need in question and contribute to the resolution of other problems. First of all, classifications of elements of the sentence based upon in articles and syntax books about syntax published up to now have been summarized. Following a short review upon these, elements of the sentence have been classified in a manner to fulfil the need. Elements of the sentence have been classified as main, compulsory and optional elements, divided into three considering their functions and qualities within the sentence. Then, features and definitions of the main, obligatory and optional elements have been given being reviewed under separate titles. It has been concluded that main element is derived from predicate that is the constituent element, while compulsory and optional elements vary depending on the predicate used within the sentence. Dwelling upon the determiners of the elements in question, on what issue their falling within the sentence depends has been determined. Besides, sample sentence analysis demonstrating practice of the ideas stated within the study has been made.
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    Conditional Mood in Historical and Contemporary Turkish Languages
    (Selcuk Univ, Inst Turkish Studies, 2011) Bulak, Sahap
    In this study, it was focused on the origin of conditional mood suffix - sA, and how its structure came up, by referring to examples from the texts and the studies done by Turkish linguists concerning conditional mood, which is also called as subjunctive-conditional mood. Further, historically, types of personal endings used in conjugation, and structural change of the suffix - sA in the periods of old Turkish, middle Turkish, Karahan Turkish, Harezm Turkish, Kipchak Turkish, Old Oghuz Turkish, Chagatay Turkish, old Anatolian Turkish, and Ottoman Turkish were examined depending on examples in written sources. By emphasizing the conjugation of the suffix in contemporary Turkish dialects; personal suffixes and reinforces which are used in the conjugation of conditional mood in these dialects were examined. More, structural changes of suffixes in contemporary languages, and differences between them are studied.
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    IS GENITIVE SUFFIX A CASE SUFFIX?
    (Selcuk Univ, Inst Turkish Studies, 2017) Bulak, Sahap
    There is not a common consensus about whether genitive suffix is one of case suffixes. Linguists like Banguoglu, Ergin, Korkmaz, Lubimov, Karaagac, Hengirmen, and Topaloglu regard genitive suffix as a case suffix at all while Ediskun, Bilgegil, Gencan, Gulsevin, Buran, Delice, and Demiray do not accept. Different descriptions of genitive suffix, the direct acceptance of the term as case suffix, and different functional and categorical case constitute the root of the problem. Detailed research shows that it is not a unilateral problem but a multilateral problem including problems regarding its term name, description, function, and categorical situation. This study investigates the issue of whether genitive case is a case suffix or not. In order to reach a conclusion, the term, description, function, features, and categorical situations of genitive suffix that have been discussed by myriad linguists so far were evaluated. By evaluating pros and cons of the discussions made by linguists it was concluded that genitive suffix is not a case suffix but is a noun-to-noun (a suffix that binds a noun to noun) suffix. Consequently, this study aimed to make a major contribution to the resolution of the problem and for the teaching of Turkish language.
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    SPELLING/PRONUNCIATION SAVINGS AND PROPERTIES APPLIED IN THE ADAPTATION OF ARUZ PROSODY TO TURKISH POETRY
    (Selcuk Univ, Inst Turkish Studies, 2018) Duzenli, Mesut Bayram; Bulak, Sahap
    Despite it has been broadly discussed with all aspects by writers, critics and academic circles since Tanzimat era, still today there are many problems about aruz prosody to be solved. At the beginning of the problems, there comes spelling/pronunciation savings referred as 'aruz prosody spelling', 'lack of spelling', 'aruz prosody savings' and 'aruz prosody defects' which are consulted to overcome difficulties faced when adapting aruz prosody measure to Turkish poetry. The case in point, which can not be achieved a consensus even on its denotation, altough it has been discussed sizably up to today, hasn't been come to a solution yet. In order to be clear about aruz prosody savings, firstly it is a need to describe and identify all the spelling/pronunciation savings which are consulted to overcome difficulties faced during the application of aruz prosody to Turkish poetry. In this study spelling-pronunciation terms called 'imale, zihaf, tavsil, tahrik, teskin, tesdid, tahfif, tezyid, tenkis, tebdil, tefrik' which are used in order to overcome difficulties faced while adapting aruz prosody savings to Turkish poetry are introduced with all aspects of word and term meanings via examples of Classical poetry which are chosen from different poet's poems that have been written in different periods. Some assessments were made by staying loyal to structure of Turkish grammar rules on the subject savings, which are needed to obtain the open or closed syllables or eliminate the excessiveness or deficiency of syllables during adaptation of aruz prosody into Turkish. In this regard, spelling and pronunciation savings, which are used in adapting aruz prosody to Turkish, have been evaluated in two different groups, not as total defects, but as spelling/pronunciation variation and spelling/pronunciation deviation. Spelling/pronunciation savings which are not harmful for Turkish structure are evaluated as allowable and accepted as spelling/pronunciation variation; but savings which are harmful for Turkish structure are evaluated as out of sight, are accepted as spelling/pronunciation deviation.