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Öğe Acquired Skin Fragility Syndrome in a Juvenile Cat Following a Routine Ovariohysterectomy(Univ Fed Rio Grande Do Sul, 2021) Bilen, Ebru Karakaya; Akgul, Mustafa BarisBackground: Acquired skin fragility syndrome (ASFS) is a rare condition, which is characterized by spontaneous fragility of the skin and an absence of hyperextensibility. Even though the real pathogenesis of ASFS remains unknown that is reported generally with some iatrogenic causes and severe diseases. Thus, based on the clinical findings this is the first report of describes the case and treatment of feline acquired skin fragility syndrome following a routine ovariohysterectomy. Case: An 8-month-old domestic shorthair female cat was brought to the Siirt University Animal Health Application and Research Center for ovariohysterectomy operation. Before the operation physical examination of the animal revealed body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, the color of mucosas, and lymph nodes were determined normally. Besides, there is no hematological and biochemical problem detected. The cat had no previous history of several infections or systemic disease. A routine ovariohysterectomy procedure was applied under general anesthesia and the cat was discharged on the same day. Three days after that a spontaneously developed cutaneous laceration below the left scapular region was determined by the cat owner. During the clinical examination, it was determined that the cat was sensitive to touch against the left scapular area. Multiple spontaneous skin tear was revealed over the left scapular region while shaving for better inspection but did not obtain any problem with incision line. To identify the underlying cause of skin tearing, hematological and biochemical tests were done but the animal's results were found within the normal references. Also, rapid blood tests were performed for feline leukemia virus and immunodeficiency virus, and none of them were positive. Additionally, the skin was not hyperextensible. Although the clinicopathological abnormalities were observed on the skin, there were no abnormalities in the vital signs of the cat. Based on the clinical status of the cat, daily regular wound cleaning and a wet-to-dry bandage were applied for two weeks. Skin therapy based on the use of dexpanthenol, vitamin E, and vitamin C with zinc was preferred to improve skin health. All lesions on the skin of the cat completely recovered and a follow-up visit for several weeks was recommended to the cat owner. Discussion: There have been reports that acquired skin fragility syndrome may be related to hepatic diseases, some feline viral infections, hyperadrenocorticism, or use of a long time progestational drugs. Also, acquired skin fragility syndrome can be seen in a congenital disorder known as cutaneous asthenia which is described generally in young cats. Cutaneous asthenia and acquired skin fragility syndrome are difficult to distinguish from each other even though histological examination was made. Although the cat in this report is young, there was no history of skin problems and skin hyperextensible until presentation. No specific treatment protocol described for this skin problem has been reported. Moreover, vitamins and minerals may be used for wound treatment and strengthening the skin. Ovariohysterectomy is the most common surgical technique used for sterilization of cats however; it can cause some complications, such as acute stress. Unfortunately, the exact etiology is not detected in this case report but it is thought to be that stress of ovariohysterectomy might be triggered to spontaneous skin tearing.Öğe Comparison of bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility isolated from surgical site after ventral midline and lateral flank approaches of ovariohysterectomy in queens and bitches(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2023) Bilen, Ebru Karakaya; Demirbilek, Serpil Kahya; Yilmaz, Oznur; Karadag, Muhammet Ali; Aner, HavvaThe aim of the study was to identify the bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility from surgical site cultures in queens and bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy via ventral midline and lateral flank approaches. Healthy 22 queens and 21 bitches were assigned randomly either ventral midline or lateral flank approach for routine ovariohysterectomy. Surgical site samples were collected before the surgery and on the 1st, 2 nd,and 3 rd days after the surgery for microbiological analysis. A total of 70 different strains were isolated from 50 (29%) of 172 samples. In both queens and bitches the total number of bacteria isolated from the midline approach (n = 50) was found to be higher than in the flank approach (n = 20). The most frequently isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus intermedius group (SIG) (38.5%), followed by Enterococcus faecium (10%) and Staphylococcus lentus (8.5%). Of the isolated Staphylococcus spp. strains were positive 64% for beta-lactam resistance while 52% of that strains were also methicillin-resistant. Multidrug resistance to methicillin, beta-lactamase, and clindamycin was determined in two Staphylococcus spp. isolates. A high level of streptomycin resistance was observed in three Enterococcus faecium isolates. Overall, this study revealed that choosing the surgical site for ovariohysterectomy affected the bacterial profile and more than half of the isolates were resistant to antimicrobials. Thus, the lateral flank approach might be better than the ventral midline approach to prevent possible complications such as a surgical site infection in queens and bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy.Öğe Comparison of fertility parameters in Romanov sheep synchronized with progesterone-based protocol plus PMSG or GnRH(2022) Güner, Barış; Bilen, Ebru KarakayaObjective: The aim of this study was to compare the fertility parameters in response to pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (conventional treatment) or gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (alternative treatment) in Romanov sheep subjected to a 7-d short-term protocol out of breeding season. Materials and Methods: Sheep (n=57) received an intravaginal sponge impregnated with 20 mg fluorogestone acetate for 7 days and 125 µg cloprostenol at sponge removal. Sheep were randomly assigned to receive no treatment (CON, n=16), 240 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG, n=24) at sponge removal or 10 µg busereline acetate (GnRH, n=17) at 30 h after sponge removal. Results: Estrous response and pregnancy rate were 86% and 75.4% in all sheep, respectively. Estrous response was numerically higher about 7% (p>0.05) in treatment groups (PMSG, 87.5%; GnRH, 88.2%) than CON (81.2%). However, pregnancy rate was numerically higher in PMSG (83.3%) than GnRH (70.6%) and CON (68.7%). As in pregnancy rate, lambing rate was approximately 15% numerically greater (p>0.05) in the PMSG (79.1%) than in GnRH (64.7%) and CON (62.5%) groups. Similarly, litter size numerically higher (p>0.05) in PMSG (2.1) than GnRH (1.9) and CON (1.9) groups. Conclusion: The use of GnRH offered similar estrous response compared to PMSG in Romanov sheep synchronized with short-term protocol. However, PMSG had numerically higher pregnancy rate, lambing rate, and litter size than GnRH. Considering the serious ethical concerns and animal welfare for the production of PMSG, it is necessary to use alternatively gonadotropins. Comprehensive studies are needed to compare the fertility parameters between PMSG and GnRH in Romanov sheep.Öğe Effect of Season on Ovulatory Response and Reproductive Performance in Noncyclic Lactating Dairy Cows Synchronized with Ovsynch(2022) Bilen, Ebru Karakaya; Güner, BarışThe aim of this study was to compare the ovulatory response and reproductive performance after Ovsynch protocol in noncyclic dairy cows during the warm (n = 43) and cool seasons (n = 70). Noncyclic cows (n=113) received Ovsynch protocol; GnRH1 (d 0); PGF2? (d 7); GnRH2 (d 9); FTAI (d 10). Ultrasonographic examinations were performed to determine the preovulatory follicle size (d 0, d 10) and ovulatory response to the GnRH1 (d 7) and GnRH2 (d 17). Follicle size at the onset of Ovsynch was not different in cool season (20.8 ± 0.9 mm) compared to that in warm season (19.1 ± 1.1 mm, P > 0.05). The percentage of small-sized follicles at the onset of Ovsynch was higher (P < 0.05) in warm season (37.2%) than cool season (18.6%). However, follicle size at FTAI was similar (P > 0.05) between warm (15.3 ± 0.3 mm) and cool (15.8 ± 0.3) seasons. Ovulatory response to the GnRH1 and the GnRH2 of Ovsynch were not different during the warm (90.7%, 83.7%) and cool seasons (81.4%, 87.1%), respectively (P > 0.05). Pregnancy rate was also similar (P > 0.05) during the warm (34.9%) and cool seasons (35.7%). Cows that had large-sized follicles at the onset of Ovsynch had a tendency (P = 0.08) for lower pregnancy rate in warm season (12.5%) compared to cool season (52.6%). It was concluded that season did not affect the ovulatory response to the first GnRH and pregnancy rate in noncyclic dairy cows that were synchronized with Ovsynch. The aim of this study was to compare the ovulatory response and reproductive performance after Ovsynch protocol in noncyclic dairy cows during the warm (n = 43) and cool seasons (n = 70). Noncyclic cows (n=113) received Ovsynch protocol; GnRH1 (d 0); PGF2? (d 7); GnRH2 (d 9); FTAI (d 10). Ultrasonographic examinations were performed to determine the preovulatory follicle size (d 0, d 10) and ovulatory response to the GnRH1 (d 7) and GnRH2 (d 17). Follicle size at the onset of Ovsynch was not different in cool season (20.8 ± 0.9 mm) compared to that in warm season (19.1 ± 1.1 mm, P > 0.05). The percentage of small-sized follicles at the onset of Ovsynch was higher (P < 0.05) in warm season (37.2%) than cool season (18.6%). However, follicle size at FTAI was similar (P > 0.05) between warm (15.3 ± 0.3 mm) and cool (15.8 ± 0.3) seasons. Ovulatory response to the GnRH1 and the GnRH2 of Ovsynch were not different during the warm (90.7%, 83.7%) and cool seasons (81.4%, 87.1%), respectively (P > 0.05). Pregnancy rate was also similar (P > 0.05) during the warm (34.9%) and cool seasons (35.7%). Cows that had large-sized follicles at the onset of Ovsynch had a tendency (P = 0.08) for lower pregnancy rate in warm season (12.5%) compared to cool season (52.6%). It was concluded that season did not affect the ovulatory response to the first GnRH and pregnancy rate in noncyclic dairy cows that were synchronized with Ovsynch.Öğe Effects of Beta-carotene Administration on Fertility in Lactating Dairy Cows(Agricultural Research Communication Centre, 2021) Bilen, Ebru Karakaya; Mecitoglu, Gulnaz YilmazbasBackground: Beta-(beta-) carotene, is the precursor to vitamin A, in particular, has some potential benefits on reproduction. The main objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of beta-carotene administration on fertility following either prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF) induced estrus or Ovsynch protocol in lactating dairy cows. Methods: Cows with at 47 +/- 3 postpartum days were divided into two groups: beta-carotene group (beta C, n=139) was treated with injectable beta-carotene while untreated cows served as control (CON, n=227). In both groups, PGF was administered and heatmount detectors were applied at 54 +/- 3 days postpartum. Cows detected in estrus after PGF were inseminated. Cows that had not been detected in estrus were divided into two groups 7 days after PGF administration; beta C-ovs (n=137) and CON-OVS (n=89). Ovsynch protocol was initiated 4 days after beta-carotene administration. Result: The estrus detection rate was similar between the beta C and CON groups (P = 0.19). Pregnancy per AI (P/AI) on d 31 was also similar between groups (P = 0.93). In the Ovsynch protocol, ovulation to the first GnRH and ovulatory follicle diameter at the time of insemination did not differ between groups. No difference was observed in P/AI at d 31 (P = 0.13). The results of this study indicated that beta-carotene administration had no effect on fertility either PGF induced estrus or Ovsynch protocol in dairy cows.Öğe Evaluation of Some Hematological and Biochemical Parameters Pre- and Post- Ovariohysterectomy in Dogs(2019) Bilen, Ebru KarakayaThe present study was conducted to identify the effect of ovariohysterectomy (OVH) on routine hematological and biochemicalmeasurement variables in clinically healthy dogs and to determine whether these parameters could be used to identify anycomplication of this commonly performed surgery. Non-pregnant 8 healthy female dogs (1-3 years of age) were contained in the study.Blood samples were collected immediately before ovariohysterectomy and between 1 to 7 days throughout after OVH. Hematologicalparameters and levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine kinase-myocardial bandisoenzymes (CK-MB), C-reactive protein (CRP), cholesterol (CHOL), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), and low-densitylipoproteins (LDL) were determined. The statistical differences were found in the white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell (RBC),AST, CRP, and TG levels between the pre- and post-operative. There were no significant differences of other biochemical parameters.The results of the study revealed that some hematological and biochemical parameters of healthy dogs are affected by anaesthesia andsurgery.Öğe Küçükbaş Hayvanlarda Pire Sorunu ve Mücadele Yöntemleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Siirt İli Şirvan İlçesi Örneği(2019) Akgül, Gülşah; Bilen, Ebru Karakaya; Ün, Cemal; Kandemir, Çağrı; Taşkın, TurgayAmaç: Siirt ili Şirvan ilçesine bağlı merkez ve çevre köylerindeki koyun ve keçi yetiştiriciliği yapanişletmelerde pirenin önemi ve mücadele yöntemleri konusunda bir durum tespiti yapmaktır.Materyal ve Metot: Araştırma materyalini, Şirvan ilçe Tarım ve Hayvancılık İl Müdürlüğükayıtlarından gayeli örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 165 küçükbaş işletmesi oluşturmuştur.Bulgular: Çalışmada, pire sorununun aile tipi işletmelerde görülme oranı % 35.6 iken bu oranticari işletmelerde % 44.4 dür. İşletme tipleri bakımından pire görülme oranları arasında belirlenenfark istatistiki olarak önemli değildir. Aile tipi işletmelerde pire görülen hayvanlarda en tipik belirtikaşıntı (% 46.6) iken, ticari işletmelerdeki hayvanlarda birden fazla belirti (% 61.1) gözlenmiştir.Pire, aile tipi işletmelerde en çok yavrularda (% 46.6) en az sağmal hayvanlarda (% 4.8) gözlenirken,ticari işletmelerde ise en çok ergin hayvanlarda (% 38.9), en az ise gebe hayvanlarda (% 5.6)saptanmıştır. Pire, aile tipi hayvancılık işletmelerinde en çok koltuk altında (% 48.6) ve kulakta (%22.6) gözlenirken, ticari işletmelerde kulak (% 38.9) pirenin en çok görülen vücut bölgesi olmuştur.Ticari hayvancılık işletmelerinde vücudun diğer bölgelerinde pire görülme oranı ise % 22.2 dir.Pireyle mücadelede en fazla kullanılan yöntem, aile tipi işletmelerde sıvı ilaç iken (% 45.2) ticariişletmelerde toz yöntem (% 33.3) olmuştur. Aile ve ticari işletmelerde bulunan köpeklerde piresorunu görülme oranı sırasıyla; % 47.9 ve % 33.3 dür.Sonuç: Siirt ili Şirvan ilçesinde küçükbaş hayvan yetiştiricileri açısından pire zararının önemivurgulanarak pireden kaynaklanan hayvan ölümleri ya da oluşan ekonomik kayıpları en azaindirecek mücadele yöntemleri belirlenmelidir.Öğe Uşak İli küçükbaş hayvancılık işletmelerinde pire zararlarını belirlemeye yönelik bir ön çalışma(2021) Sezer, Salih; Kandemir, Çağrı; Akgül, Gülşah; Bilen, Ebru Karakaya; Ün, Cemal; Taşkın, TurgayAmaç: Uşak ili merkez, Eşme, Ulubey, Karahallı, Sivaslı ve Banaz ilçelerine bağlıköylerde bulunan küçükbaş hayvancılık işletmelerinde pirenin mevcut durumu vebununla yapılan mücadele yöntemleri hakkında bir durum tespiti yapmaktır.Materyal ve Metot: Araştırma materyalini, Uşak ili merkez ile 5 ayrı ilçede (Eşme,Ulubey, Karahallı, Sivaslı ve Banaz) İl Tarım ve Orman Müdürlüğü kayıtlarındangayeli örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilen 170 küçükbaş işletmesi oluşturmuştur.Araştırma Bulguları: Çalışmada, temel üretim dalına göre durum incelendiğindetüm ilçelerde süt verimi ön planda iken (%40-70) besi/kasaplık hayvan yapanişletmelerin oranı %20 ve bunun altında gerçekleşmiştir. İşletmelerinin %66-86’sıyemini satın alma yoluyla temin ederken, yemini kendi yetiştirenlerin oranı oldukçadüşüktür (%2-30). Çalışmada, Karahallı ilçesi dışında sürülerde pire görülme oranıdüşüktür (%10-29). Pirenin sürülerde görülmeme oranı en yüksek Sivaslı (%70) endüşük Ulubey (%41) ilçesindedir. İşletmelerde pirenin en çok görüldüğü hayvan yaşgrubu yavrular olup bu oran %10-66 arasında değişmektedir. İşletmelerinde pireninvücutta göreli olarak en az görüldüğü bölge kulak (%6.2-20) olup bunu meme veçevresi (%2-30) olmuştur. Pirenin genel olarak en yoğun görüldüğü bölge sırttır(%20-50).Sonuç: Uşak ili küçükbaş hayvancılık işletmelerinde bulunan hayvanların düzenliaralıklarla pire yönünden muayene ve tedavilerinin yapılması gerekir. Koyun ve keçiyetiştiricilerine verilecek eğitim çalışmalarıyla da konunun önemi iyi anlatılmalıdır.
