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Öğe COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GROWTH, PHYSIOLOGY AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF CAMELINA (CAMELINA SATIVA L.) AND CANOLA (BRASSICA NAPUS L.) UNDER DIFFERENT IRRIGATION REGIMES(Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2020) Waraich, Ejaz Ahmad; Ahmad, Riaz; Ahmad, Rashid; Ahmad, Zeeshan; Ahmad, Zahoor; Barutcular, Celaleddin; Erman, MuratCamelina (Camelina sativa L.) is an alternative oilseed crop having several attractive features making it a potential oilseed crop. To assess the physiology, growth and yield responses of different genotypes of camelina and canola crops under various irrigation regimes two field trials were conducted for consecutive growing seasons in 2013-14 and 2014-15. Randomized complete block design (RCBD with factorial arrangements was adopted. In this experiment two camelina genotypes (Camelina-611 and Camelina-618), and two canola genotypes (Punjab sarsoon and Faisal canola) were used with four levels of irrigations I-0 (two irrigations: 1st at vegetative stage and 2nd at reproductive stage), I-1 (one irrigation at vegetative stage), I-2 (one irrigation at reproductive stage), and I-3 (no irrigation). The results revealed that the maximum values of leaf gas exchange traits, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, leaf water relation, yield and yield components were noted when two irrigations (I-0) were applied and it was followed by one irrigation at vegetative stage (I-1). However, the minimum values of these traits were recorded in water deficit plants that received no irrigation (I-3). Among the genotypes Camelina-618 relatively performed well as compared to other genotypes regarding all the recorded parameters (leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll and carotenoid content, leaf water relation, yield and yield components) under both well-watered and water stressed conditions.Öğe Enhancing Drought Tolerance in Wheat through Improving Morpho-Physiological and Antioxidants Activities of Plants by the Supplementation of Foliar Silicon(Tech Science Press, 2020) Ahmad, Zahoor; Waraich, Ejaz Ahmad; Barutcular, Celaleddin; Hossain, Akbar; Erman, Murat; Cig, Fatih; Gharib, HanyThe main objective of the research is to assess the role of foliar application of silicon (Si) for enhancing the survival ability of wheat under drought stress through improving its morphology, physicochemical and antioxidants activities. Treatments were five doses of Si at the rate of 2, 4, 6 and 8 mM and a control. After completion of seeds germination, pots were divided into four distinct groups at various field capacity (FC) levels, such as 100% FC (well-irrigated condition), 75% FC (slight water deficit), 50% FC (modest water deficit) and 25% FC (severe water deficit stress condition). Foliar application of Si at the rate of 2, 4, 6 and 8 mM and a control were given after 30 days of sowing at the tillering stage of wheat. Findings of the present investigation indicated that increasing the level of water deficit stress reduced the morphological parameters (such as root and shoot fresh and dry-biomass weight) and physico-biochemical events ((such as chlorophyll contents by estimating SPAD value), total free amino acid (TFAA), total soluble sugar (TSS), total soluble protein (TSP), total proline (TP), CAT (catalase), POD (peroxidase), SOD (superoxide dismutase) and APX (ascorbate peroxidase)) of wheat; while foliar application of Si at 6 mM at tillering stage enhanced the drought tolerance in wheat by increasing morphology and physiochemical characters under all levels of drought stress. Similarly, antioxidants activities in wheat also enhanced by the application of Si at 6 mM under normal as well as all drought stress levels. Therefore, it may be concluded that foliar application of Si at 6 mM at the tillering stage of wheat is an important indication for increasing the drought tolerance by improving the morphology, physico-biochemical and antioxidants activities in plants under deficit water (drought) conditions.Öğe FOLIAGE APPLIED SILICON AMELIORATES DROUGHT STRESS THROUGH PHYSIO-MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS, OSMOPROTECTANTS AND ANTIOXIDANT METABOLISM OF CAMELINA (Camelina sativa L.) GENOTYPES(Univ Life Sciences Lublin, 2021) Ahmad, Zahoor; Warraich, Ejaz Ahmad; Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir; Barutcular, Celaleddin; Alharby, Hesham; Bamagoos, Atif; Cig, FatihSilicon (Si) is one of the best plant defense elements against the biotic and abiotic stresses. Camelina plants accumulate Si which serves in protection against drought stress. The present study was conducted to inves-tigate the impact of different doses of foliage applied Si (0, 3, 6 and 9 mM) under water stress (40% field capacity, FC) and non-stress conditions (100% FC) on camelina genotypes (Canadian and Australian). The imposed drought drastically decreased the growth parameters like root-shoot length and plant fresh and dry weight and also had negative impact on the chlorophyll content along with water relation attributes (water potential, osmotic potential and turgor pressure). In contrast, total free amino acids, total soluble proteins, proline and antioxidants such as ascorbic peroxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) were enhanced especially in water stressed Canadian genotype, while osmoprotectants (flavonoids, anthocyanins and glycinebetaine) and phenolics contents were decreased. On the other hand, the foliar application of Si was instrumental in enhancing the growth of camelina by increasing the chlorophyll contents and water relation of stressed and non-stressed plants. Similarly, the biochemical, osmoprotectants and antioxidant metabolism was also improved in camelina stressed plants through the application of foliar Si. In conclusion, foliar application of 6 mM Si at vegetative growth stage played a vital role in alleviating the drastic impact of water stress on camelina growth by improving the water status, chlorophyll content, accumulation of phenolics and osmoprotectants and activating antioxidants. Therefore, the foliar application of Si could be developed as an important biologically viable strategy for boosting the tolerance in camelina plants to water stress conditions.Öğe Irrigation Rationalization Boosts Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Yield and Reduces Rust Incidence under Arid Conditions(Hindawi Ltd, 2021) Alghawry, Adnan; Yazar, Attila; Unlu, Mustafa; Colak, Yesim Bozkurt; Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir; Barutcular, Celaleddin; El-Ballat, Enas M.Under changing climate, water scarcity and frequent incidence of diseases like stripe rust pose the biggest threat to sustainable crop production which jeopardizes nutritional security. A study was executed to rationalize crop water requirement and evaluate wheat (Triticum aestivum L cv. Bohoth 3) yield losses by stripe rust infection under irrigated conditions. Seven water treatments included three irrigations in three stages/season (S-3), four irrigations (S-4), and five irrigations (S-5) at the different sensitive growth stages, full (F), and two deficit irrigation levels including D-1 = 80% of field capacity (FC) and D-2 = 70% (FC) along with farmers' practice of irrigation as control (C). Results revealed that F and D I boosted grain yield by 31 and 14%. Overall, F irrigation regime resulted in the highest grain production (2.93 ton/ha) as well as biomass yield (13.2 ton/ha). However, D-2 had the highest value of grain protein (15.9%) and achieved the highest application efficiency (AE) at midseason (54.6%) and end season (59.6%), and the lowest AE was under S-3. Also, halting irrigation at the milky stage (S-5) led to a significant decrease in irrigation water use efficiency as compared to D-1. However, cutting irrigation at the end of seedling, heading, and milky stages (S-3) caused a significant reduction in E., crop water use (ET.), and 1000 grain weight in comparison with all other treatments. Regarding yellow rust, S-3 irrigation regime resulted in the lowest incidence of yellow rust infection. The highest irrigation and water use efficiency values were recorded under D-1 (0.79 and 0.59 kg/m(3)), and the lowest values were obtained for control. Hence, the deficit irrigation treatment D, could be recommended as the best appropriate strategy to save more water and to improve the water productivity under Yemeni agrodimatic conditions.Öğe NEMATICIDAL POTENTIAL OF INDIGO GREEN MANURING ON THE INCIDENCE OF ROOT-KNOT DISEASE OF JUTE CAUSED BY NEMATODE (MELOIDOGYNE JAVANICA)(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2019) Hossain, Abul Kalam Mohammad Mosharof; Zafor, Abu; Hakim, Abdul; Islam, Jahidul; Alharby, Hesham; Bamagoos, Atif; Barutcular, CelaleddinA pot experiment was carried out during the period of March 2016 to August 2016 in the net house at the Soil Science Field Laboratory, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Dinajpur, Bangladesh to evaluate the nematicidal potencial of indigo green manuring on the root-knot disease caused by nematode (Meloidogyne javanica). In this experiment Jute (Corchorus capsularis) was used as test crop and Indigo (Indigofera tinctoria L.) as green manuring crop. The experiment was laid out with seven treatments having three replications. Green manuring with indigo was found to give significant response in the growth and corresponding reduction in the number of galls in jute inoculated with Meloidogyne javanica. The negative correlations between the galling incidence and the plant height and root length of jute revealed that the indigo green manuring was effective in increasing the growth of the jute by suppressing the nematode activity.Öğe PLANTING DENSITIES IMPART VARIANCE IMPACT ON KERNEL PROPERTIES AND SOME QUALITY PARAMETERS IN SOME MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) HYBRIDS(Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2022) Konuskan, Omer; Konuskan, Dilsat Bozdogan; Barutcular, Celaleddin; Turan, Nizamettin; Elsabagh, AymanClimate change scenario has revitalized necessity to optimize agronomic management practices for boosting cereals productivity and nutritional quality. To observe the growth and quality attribute of maize hybrids under various planting densities and in order to sort out the most suitable plant population, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Mustafa Kemal University during 2018. Six maize hybrids viz. DKC 6589, Carella, Pioneer 1921, 70 May 82, Cadiz and Bolson were grown using five planting densities (9, 10, 11, 12, and 13 plants m2). The experiment was laid out in split plot arrangement with three replications. Maize hybrids and planting densitides were placed in main plots and sub plots, respectively. Growth characteristics like ear length, weight and diameter, and quality trauts like protein, stach and oil content in grains were determined as response variables. The results revealed that increasing plant densities gradually reduced the growth paramters including ear length, weight and diamter. While, quality traits such as starch and oil contents of basal, middle and tip kernels were increased with the increase in plant densities, but the protein ratio was decreased. The genotypes mean values indicated that 70 May 82 and Carella remained superior for ear length, weight and ear dimater respectively. In contrast, Pioneer 1921 and Bolson outformed other hybrids as far as starch and oil contents were concerned.Öğe Pod shattering in canola reduced by mitigating drought stress through silicon application and molecular approaches-A review(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2022) Ahmad, Zahoor; Barutcular, Celaleddin; Rehman, Muhammad Zia Ur; Tariq, Rana Muhammad Sabir; Afzal, Muhammad; Waraich, Ejaz Ahmad; Ahmad, AdeelClimate change has become a serious threat all over the world, which creates a negative impact on the growth, physiology and yield attributes of the crops. Drought stress is one of the major causes of climate change that contributes more to the reduction of yield of crops and its physiological aspects (i.e., stomatal conductance, leaf temperature, plant canopy temperature, membrane thermal stability index, total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence). Pod shattering negatively affects the yield of canola under drought stress conditions. The control of shattering, caused by drought, has been difficult due to the lack of resistant cultivars. Drought at any stage of canola, either vegetative or reproductive, badly affects the canola crops in terms of growth, physiology, pod development and its shattering, which results in the reduction of yield. To overcome the pod shattering and its development, the Si plays an important role, which provides the strength to the pod when it was applied with their proper amount and proper time. Si is the beneficial element which helps in improving the growth and physiology of crop under drought stress conditions. Si helps for reducing the pod shattering in canola and improving its yield by mitigating the adverse effect of drought on canola. Molecular approaches also help to provide resistance in canola against pod shattering and improve its yield under drought stress conditions. Current review highlights the role of Si and current molecular developments to deal with constraints in pod development and it's shattering under drought stress.Öğe Silicon Mitigates the Adverse Effect of Drought in Canola (Brassica napusl.) Through Promoting the Physiological and Antioxidants Activity(Springer, 2021) Bukhari, Muhammad Adnan; Sharif, Muhammad Shahzad; Ahmad, Zahoor; Barutcular, Celaleddin; Afzal, Muhammad; Hossain, Akbar; EL Sabagh, AymanDrought is the major limiting factor for crops which reduces the growth and ultimately yield. However, silicon (Si) is considered one of the important elements for ameliorating adverse effect of abiotic stresses including drought also. To re-establish the previous evidence of Si, an experiment was carried out in a wire-house under pot-culture, where canola plants were grown under normal conditions (100% field capacity) and water deficit condition (40% field capacity). To know the ameliorative effect of silicon on drought-induced canola plants through promoting the physiological, growth, biochemical, and yield attributes of canola (Brassica napusL.); exogenous application of Si was done by two different methods i.e., through seed treatment (priming) before sowing and foliar spray at vegetative stage. For priming, seeds of canola were dipped for six hours in a 5 mM Si solution, whereas for foliar spray, three different levels of Si i.e., 2, 4 and 6 mM Si solution were applied at vegetative stage (after 40 days of seed emergence). Drought stress caused a substantial decrease in the parameters of water relations, and the uptake of various nutrients in canola plants. However, the application of Si significantly improved plants' ability to withstand the drought stress through enhancing the uptake of Si in plants and also enhanced the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Data on, water potential, leaf water contents ratio and leaf pigments, (for example, chlorophylla, chlorophyllb, total chlorophyll, carotenoids), was positively influenced by applying Si under water deficit stress. Similarly, agronomic parameters such as seeds pod(-1), seed weight and seed yield were also enhanced as a result of the Si application under drought condition. Among these application methods of Si, the foliar spray has been found more effective for alleviating the adverse effects of water deficit stress on canola plants. Therefore, the results of the present study revealed that foliar application of Si at the vegetative stage may be useful for ameliorating the adverse effect of drought; since Si promoted to maintain turgor pressure, antioxidants activity in plants and also improved the nutrient accumulation both under water stress and control condition.Öğe Sub-Surface Drip Irrigation in Associated with H2O2 Improved the Productivity of Maize under Clay-Rich Soil of Adana, Turkey(Tech Science Press, 2020) Sariyev, Alhan; Barutcular, Celaleddin; Acar, Mert; Hossain, Akbar; El Sabagh, AymanMaize being sub-tropical crop is sensitive to water deficit during the early growth stages; particularly clay-rich soil, due to the compaction of the soil. It is well-documented that potential sub-surface drip irrigation (SDI) (Full irrigation; SDIFull (100% field capacity (FC)), Deficit irrigation; SDIDeficit (70% FC)) improves water use efficiency, which leads to increased crop productivity; since it has a constraint that SDI excludes soil air around the root-zone during irrigation events, which alter the root function and crop performance. Additionally, in clayrich soils, the root system of plants generally suffers the limitation of oxygen, particularly the temporal hypoxia, and occasionally from root anoxia; while SDI system accomplishes with the aerating stream of irrigation in the rhizosphere could provide oxygen root environment. The oxygen can be introduced into the irrigation stream of SDI through two ways: the venturi principle, or by using solutions of hydrogen peroxide through the air injection system. Therefore, the application of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; HP) can mitigate the adverse effect of soil compactness and also lead to improving the growth, yield and yield attributes of maize in clay-rich soil. Considering the burning issue, a field study was conducted in consecutive two seasons of 2017 and 2018; where hybrid maize was cultivated as a second crop, to evaluate the effect of liquid-injection of H2O2(HP) into the irrigation stream of SDI on the performance of maize in a clay-rich soil field of Adana, Turkey. When soil water content decreased in 50% of available water, irrigation was performed. The amount of water applied to reach the soil water content to the field capacity is SDIFull (100% FC) and 70% FC of this water is SDIDeficit (70% FC). In the irrigation program, hydrogen peroxide (HP) was applied at intervals of 7 days on average according to available water with and without HP: SDIFull (100% FC) + 0 ppm HP with full SDI irrigation; SDIFull (100% FC) + 250 ppm HP with deficit SDI irrigation; SDIDeficit (70% FC) + 0 ppm HP, SDIDeficit (70% FC) + 250 ppm HP and SDIDeficit (70% FC) + 500 ppm HP. Deficit irrigation (SDIDeficit (70% FC)) program was started from tasseling stage and continued up to the physiological maturity stage with sub-soil drip irrigation. H2O2 was applied 3 times during the growing season. Two years' results revealed that the liquid-injection of H2O2 into the irrigation stream of SDI improved the growth and yield-related attributes and grain yield of maize. Based on the obtained results, during the extreme climatic condition in the year 2017, SDIFull (100% FC) + 250 ppm HP was more effective than SDIFull (100% FC) + 0 ppm HP on all traits for relative to full irrigation. While, during the favourable climatic condition in the 2018 season, SDIFull (100% FC) + 250 ppm HP was more effective than full irrigation with SDIFull (100% FC) + 0 ppm HP for the grain yield, grains, and SPAD value. Accordingly, the most effective treatment was SDIFull (100% FC) + 250 ppm HP, as it gave the highest growth and yield-related attributes and grain yield of maize followed by SDIDeficit (70% FC) + 250 ppm HP. Therefore, SDIFull with 250 ppm H2O2 using as liquid-injection may be recommended to mitigate the adverse effect of soil compactness particularly water-deficit stress in clay-rich soil for the sustainability of maize production.Öğe Sustainable crop production to ensuring food security under climate change: A Mediterranean perspective(Southern Cross Publishing, 2020) Hossain, Akbar; EL Sabagh, Ayman; Barutcular, Celaleddin; Bhatt, Rajan; Çiğ, Fatih; Seydoşoğlu, Seyithan; Turan, NizamettinThe global population is predicted to expand to 9.1 billion by 2050. Countries around the Mediterranean Sea are predicted to achieve a combined population of 529 million by 2025. The current major challenge confronting sustainable agriculture in the Mediterranean region is climate change which has directly affected the extent and frequency of rain events, floods, and droughts, which in turn has influenced land and water productivity and farmers' livelihoods. The present review highlights the major consequences of climate change for sustainable crop production in the Mediterranean region and evaluates different mitigation strategies for improving agricultural land productivity and water use efficiency along with their impact on farmers' livelihoods. © 2020 Southern Cross Publishing.Öğe The effect of zinc fertilization and cow dung on sterility and quantitative traits of rice(TathQeef Scientific Publishing, 2021) Islam, Mohammad Sohidul; Khatun, Mst. Khaleda; Hafeez, A. S. M. Golam; Chowdhury, M. Kaium; Konuşkan, Ömer; Barutcular, Celaleddin; Erman, MuratThe grain yield of rice is far below from its potential yield due low organic matter and micronutrients in the soil. Application of cow dung and zinc fertilizer increases grain yield and quality. A field experiment was, therefore, conducted to evaluate the effect of zinc fertilization and well decomposed cow dung on the spikelet sterility, yield, zinc concentration in grains and plants of aromatic rice (cv. Tulshimala). In this experiment, two levels of well decomposed cowd ung (CD) of 0, 10 tha-1, and four doses of zinc fertilization viz. 0, 2.16, 4.32, 6.48 kg ha-1 of zinc were used following eight treatment combinations. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with replication thrice. The data revealed that zinc fertilization remarkably increased the grain yield of Tulshimala by reducing the spikelet sterility percentages in both conditions of CD and the efficiency of zinc fertilization was superior in manuring (CD) condition to non-manuring condition. However, zinc fertilization at the rate of 4.32 kg ha-1 of zinc produced the maximum grain yields under manuring and non-manuring conditions. Zinc fertilization increased the concentration of Zn in the rice plants and grains without and with CD. The strong linear relationship between the grain yield and zinc concentration in the rice plants and grains was found with in this study. Zinc fertilization increased the grain yield and quality by decreasing sterility percentage under CD. Hence, for increasing productivity towards food security in future generation, integrated use organic and inorganic fertilizers should be used. © The authors.
