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    Comprehensive Evaluation of Changes in Placentomes in the Second and Third Trimesters of Pregnancy in Cross‐Bred Hamdani Sheep
    (Wiley, 2025-01) Banu Kandil; Ali Osman Turgut; Davut Koca; Fatma Isbilir; Muhammed Zahid Atli; Barıs Can Guzel
    Background: A proper placentation is required for establishment and continuity of pregnancy. In sheep, placentomes are unique structures that enable nutrition and gas exchange between the mother and the foetus. Although placentomes are dynamic formations, there is limited knowledge of changes in placentomes during pregnancy. Objective: This study aimed to identify changes in sheep placentomes in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy using both macroscopic and microscopic methods. Methods: This study investigated 14 healthy cross-breed Hamdani sheep placentomes, comprising seven second and seven third trimesters of pregnancy. The histomorphometric analysis included measurements of capillary number and area in cotyledonary and caruncular regions, while morphometric assessments encompassed placentome dimensions such as number, length, width, and depth. Results: Placentomes were oval and circular in shape in the second and third trimesters. In the second trimester, they were observed as concave structures with thick edges, whereas in the third trimester, they were determined as thin-edged structures with a slight depression in the centre. In the third trimester, foetal and maternal tissues became more intertwined with increased branching of foetal villi and maternal crypts. Placental hematomas and erythrocytes in the cytoplasm of trophoblast cells were more prominent in the third trimester. Statistical analysis revealed no difference in placentome number between the second and third trimesters. However, the dimensions (length, width, and depth) of placentomes were greater in the third trimester compared to the second trimester (p < 0.001). Additionally, while there was no difference in the number of cotyledonary versus caruncular capillaries in the second trimester, cotyledonary capillaries outnumbered caruncular capillaries in the third trimester (p < 0.001). Furthermore, both cotyledonary and caruncular capillary areas increased in the third trimester compared to the second trimester, with the caruncular capillary area being consistently higher than the cotyledonary capillary area in both trimesters (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study underscores the substantial structural and physiological transformations of placentomes in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy in sheep. These adaptations facilitate efficient flow exchange between the foetus and mother, highlighting the dynamic nature of placental development during late gestation.
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    Öğe
    Distribution of Heat Shock Proteins 27, 60, 70, 90 in Testis and Epididymis of the Domestic Cats (Felis catus) and Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris).
    (Wiley, 2025-02) Banu Kandil; Alev Gürol Bayraktaroglu
    This study aimed to examine the immunoexpression of HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 in the testis and epididymis of domestic cats (Felis catus) and dogs (Canis lupus familiaris). Testis and epididymis tissues from 6 adult cats and 6 adult dogs were used in this study. Immunohistochemical staining was done to determine the expression of HSPs. In cats and dogs, while HSP60 was detected only in Leydig cells, HSP90 was determined only in spermatogonia. HSP27 was observed only in smooth muscle cells of blood vessels. HSP70 was not detected in spermatocytes, spermatids, Leydig cells, or Sertoli cells, whereas HSP70 was determined in peritubular myoid cells. In addition, unlike cats, HSP70 was observed in spermatogonia of dog testes. HSP27 was determined in basal cells of the epididymal epithelium and smooth muscle cells of the ductal wall in all sections of the epididymis. However, no HSP60 was observed in the epididymis. While HSP70 was not detected in the epididymis of the cats, HSP70 was observed in basal cells of all sections of the epididymis of the dogs. While the epididymal epithelial cells showed HSP90 immunoreactivity in all parts of the epididymis, the smooth muscle cells of the ductal wall exhibited HSP90 immunoreactivity only in the cauda epididymidis. The findings of this study indicate that HSP27, HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90 exhibit different immunoexpression patterns in the testis and epididymis of cats and dogs and that these proteins play important roles in maintaining the reproductive functions of cats and dogs.