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    Ahmet Emin Yalman Case As An Example Of Conflicting Nature Of Power-Press Relations In Turkey (1958-1960)
    (Hacettepe Univ, 2019) Babaoglu, Resul
    When the development of the activities of the press in Turkey is observed, first of all, a functional tool of the long-term struggle for liberty stands out. Therefore, the relations between the press and the power have appeared periodically conflicting. Having begun his career as a journalist in the last period of the Ottoman Empire and continued his career during the periods having unique political circles such as Abdulhamid II Era, the Second Constitutional Period and the early Republican era, Ahmet Emin Yalman witnessed important events. Exhibiting his experience and knowledge gained in journalism during the transition period to multi-party life, Yalman took part as an important figure in the relationship between the press and the power in this period. Standing dose to the opposition during the founding of the Democratic Party, Yalman published the articles of the leading names of the opposition in his newspaper Vatan, which was owned and edited by him. Yalman, who made an effort to sustain the opposition for the establishment of liberal and democratic political system in Turkey, continued journalism with anti-Democratic Party approach after the 1950 elections. In the late 1950s when the political environment was dragged into violence spiral in Turkey, press activities have been the subject of judicial proceedings. Yalman, who tried to maintain his journalistic activities under these difficult conditions, has been one of the names in the centre of the pressure policy applied to the press. Yalman's imprisonment sentence in Pulliam case and the internal and external reactions caused by the developments in the aftermath, which are the subjects of this study, have been evaluated with a historical perspective.
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    British Council, Village Institutes and Searching the Ways of the Cultural Diplomacy on the War Circumstances
    (Ege Univ, 2019) Babaoglu, Resul
    In Turkey after the proclamation of the Republic, a modern state structure by speeding up the revolution in political life was to be formed. With the radical reforms in the first years of the Republic, not only administrative modernization was targeted, but also important steps were taken to transform the social structure. However, unlike the short-term change that is expected in the political sphere, it is not easy to transform the toughened human capital that has been taken over from the Ottoman Empire and has been pushed back into the past. First and foremost, the fact that the aggregated literacy of the urban centers was quite low compared to the general population was a serious problem faced by the Republican administrators. On the other hand, the issue of educating citizens after the adoption of Latin letters in 1928 was one of the main agenda items of the period. As is known, intensive efforts have been made in the first years of the Republic in order to obtain qualified human capital, which is one of the basic dynamics of social development. In this direction, with the Village Institutes Law No. 3803, adopted on 17 April 1940, it was tried to reach the regions lacking school and teacher and answer the educational needs of the provinces. Contrary to the general acceptance of the Village Institutes, this system has not only tried to educate teachers, but also a new human profile who are technicians, health personnel and aware of modern agricultural techniques have been tried to be educated. It is known that the Village Institutes had been in the process of transformation since the late 1940s, it should be taken into consideration that these institutes are a unique example of Anatolian enlightenment. Indeed, Village Institutes, which were subject to correspondence with headquarters in London and the British Council officials who were active in the said period in Turkey, have been found unique and remarkably successful. Moreover, at the initiative of British Council authorities it has been tried to establish cooperation on the basis of education between the Village Institutes and the Young Farmers Club, which carries out similar activities in England. In fact, the British Council authorities have tried to create cooperation with the Village Institutes in order to implement a student exchange program that could be considered radical for that period. Based on the British Council documents examined for this study, it has been attempted to shed light from a different window to the Village Institutes, which were born from the conditions of the day between the reforms initiated in the Republic period.
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    Linguistic Imperialism or Cultural Diplomacy? British Council and The People's Houses in Early Republican Turkey
    (Ahmet Yesevi Univ, 2021) Babaoglu, Resul
    In this study, the language courses started in the People's Houses at the beginning of 1940s by British Council of which presence has been subject to various speculations in Turkey are examined within the scope of language imperialism and cultural propaganda. In addition, in this period of World War II, the fact of propaganda which is an effective means of struggle by European great powers is also one of the concepts used to examine the activities of British Council in Turkey. British cultural propaganda, which started with the principle of turning English into a world language, was transformed into a systematic activity after the establishment of the British Council and during World War II, it was seen as the instrument of political struggle by using against the spread of the Axis states in the cultural sphere. While the British Council's language courses in People's Houses are seen as part of cultural propaganda for the British, the political elites of Turkey in that period saw the British Council's activities as a driving force in its Westernization / modernization adventure.
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    Press Policies during the Process of 27 May 1960 Coup in Turkey
    (Hacettepe Univ, 2021) Alaci, Beral; Babaoglu, Resul
    In many studies examining the 27 May 1960 movement, the first example of the military coup tradition that occurred as the termination of an elected political power in the Republic of Turkey with a military intervention, it is informed that the National Unity Committee (MBK), which took over the administration, was authorized for a limited interim period. On a ground estimated to have arisen from the limited term of office, in the researches made with respect to Yassiada trials and the separations in the military administration, rather than the activities of the National Unity Committee, the management performance in the interim period was not discussed. In this study, it was focused on how the press life, which was guided by an autarchic understanding during the Democrat Party (DP) period, was shaped during the period of the National Unity Committee. In this study where qualitative data collection method was used, the document analysis technique was used within the system of research and descriptive findings were reached. The expectations of the press circles from the management of the National Unity Committee, how the armed forces that took over the administration wanted to design the press life and finally the legal regulations made in this period are among the topics examined in the scope of the study. In this study, in which qualitative data collection method was used, document analysis technique was used within the universe of the research and descriptive findings were obtained. The expectations of the media from the National Unity Committee management, how the armed forces that took over the management wanted to design the life of the press, and finally, legal regulations made in this period are among the topics examined within the scope of the study. In this study, which focuses on the press policy implemented by the National Unity Committee that undertook the administration of the country in the period until the establishment of the first coalition government as a result of the elections of 1961, in Turkey, the press achieving a partial comfort with the legislation that is brought to the agenda with government changes experienced at various times is observed to inevitably confront with structural defects in the final stage.