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Öğe ANALYSIS OF HEATING AND COOLING DAYS FOR BROILER HOUSING IN GAP REGION: EUPHRATES BASIN CASE(Latvia Univ Life Sciences & Technologies, 2016) Atilgan, Atilgan; Yucel, Ali; Oz, Hasan; Aydin, YusufThe degree-day method is one technique that allows to have information about the energy consumption of any building. Design and manufacturing of heating or cooling systems in buildings are based on climatic data. The climatic data used in the design of these systems for long years allow the results to be more accurate. In the study area, the Euphrates basin has been chosen as one of the hottest regions in Turkey. Long annual outdoor air dry-bulb temperature of four cities (Sanliurfa, Adiyaman, Gaziantep, Kilis) in the Euphrates basin is taken from the General Directorate of Meteorology. A six-week period in the base temperature was determined for production of broiler house values. Long annual dry-bulb temperature values in the research area are determined by comparing the base temperature number of days in the heating and cooling temperatures. It was determined that the maximum heating day values were of Gaziantep city and minimum heating day values of Sanliurfa city. During breeding broilers, the recommended six different base temperatures with between heating and cooling degree-day values regression coefficients are calculated for all provinces. In all provinces, the regression coefficients were found 0.999 and a positive aspect was determined at very high rates. As a result, it may be possible to use the degree-day method for knowledge about the energy requirement to be held in any region for broiler houses. In addition, knowledge can be obtained about whether it would be appropriate in terms of energy consumption in any region in broiler houses.Öğe Analysis of heating and cooling days for broiler housing in gap region: Euphrates basin case(Latvia University of Agriculture, 2016) Atilgan, Atilgan; Yucel, Ali; Oz, Hasan; Aydin, YusufThe degree-day method is one technique that allows to have information about the energy consumption of any building. Design and manufacturing of heating or cooling systems in buildings are based on climatic data. The climatic data used in the design of these systems for long years allow the results to be more accurate. In the study area, the Euphrates basin has been chosen as one of the hottest regions in Turkey. Long annual outdoor air dry-bulb temperature of four cities (Sanliurfa, Adiyaman, Gaziantep, Kilis) in the Euphrates basin is taken from the General Directorate of Meteorology. A six-week period in the base temperature was determined for production of broiler house values. Long annual dry-bulb temperature values in the research area are determined by comparing the base temperature number of days in the heating and cooling temperatures. It was determined that the maximum heating day values were of Gaziantep city and minimum heating day values of Sanliurfa city. During breeding broilers, the recommended six different base temperatures with between heating and cooling degree-day values regression coefficients are calculated for all provinces. In all provinces, the regression coefficients were found 0.999 and a positive aspect was determined at very high rates. As a result, it may be possible to use the degree-day method for knowledge about the energy requirement to be held in any region for broiler houses. In addition, knowledge can be obtained about whether it would be appropriate in terms of energy consumption in any region in broiler houses.Öğe COMPARISON OF THE HEATING ENERGY REQUIREMENTS OF THE GREENHOUSES IN THE TIGRIS BASIN WITH ANTALYA(Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2017) Saltuk, Burak; Mikail, Nazire; Atilgan, Atilgan; Aydin, YusufThe rapid growth of the world population also increases the amount of food needed for the human being's life. Therefore, applications that increase productivity and through which production can be made throughout the year in plant production come to the forefront in the world. In this context, one of the most important activities is greenhouse cultivation through which production can be made throughout the year by keeping climate conditions under control. Greenhouses are climate-controlled plant production structures in which indoor environment conditions can be controlled and can be kept in accordance with growing conditions. Heating must be performed during the winter period in greenhouses if it is desired to make production throughout the year. In Turkey, almost all of greenhouse production is performed in the Mediterranean region, and the production areas are situated in a relatively limited area in the Southeastern Anatolia Region. In this study, 10-year climate data (Maximum, Minimum and Average Temperature, Humidity, Sunshine Duration and Amounts) of 5 provinces (Diyarbakir, Mardin, Siirt, Batman and Sirnak) in the Tigris basin were achieved by considering the climatic conditions and production capacity of Antalya province, which has the most production areas in Turkey. According to the results obtained, the average minimum temperature for each month showed a statistically significant difference according to the provinces (p<0.01). Consequently, while the highest heating load was 1852.836 W/m(2) for a greenhouse of 576 m(2) for Antalya province in January during which heating requirement is the maximum, 3887.13 W/m(2) and 5615 W/m(2) heating load differences were obtained from Mardin and Diyarbakir provinces, respectively.Öğe Defining Irrigation Scheduling Based on Crop Water Stress Index and Physiological Parameters for Hybrid Corn in Semi-Arid Climate(Middle Pomeranian Sci Soc Env Prot, 2022) Ucak, Ali Beyhan; Saltuk, Burak; Rolbiecki, Roman; Atilgan, AtilganThe goal of this study is to determine the crop water stress index (CWSI) and irrigation scheduling based on CWSI values, as well as to examine the correlations between CWSI, physiological parameters and grain yield of hybrid corn P31A34 in semi-arid climate conditions. In 2014 and 2015, the upper limit (UL) temperatures at which plants were entirely exposed to water stress were 1.178 & DEG;C and 2.38 & DEG;C, respectively. When the corn grain yield began to decline, the CWSI threshold value was 0.34, indicating the yield limit. Grain yield, crop water consumption, crop water stress index, chlorophyll content, water use efficiency and leaf area index were found to have negative correlations (p & LE; 0.01) with CWSI values in both years of the study. The findings revealed that in semi-arid climate conditions, a maximum of 30% water deficit could be used during the growing period of the corn compared to full irrigation (I100) for water savings and that a water deficit greater than 30% results in considerable grain yield losses. In areas with limited water resources, the moderate water deficit (I70) may be a viable alternative to the I100.Öğe DETERMINATION OF GROWING DEGREE-DAY (GDD) VALUES: PISTACHIO (PISTACIA VERA L.) CASE(Univ Agronomic Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest - Usamv, 2019) Aydin, Yusuf; Yucel, Ali; Atilgan, Atilgan; Tanriverdi, CagatayPistachio is a drought-tolerant fruit that can be grown in arid areas under limited water conditions. Therefore, in our country, most of the cultivation is done in Southeastern Anatolia. Therefore, The Southeastern Anatolia Region was determined as the research area. Growing Degree Day Method (GDD) was also used as the method in this study. GDD values: Long-term daily maximum and minimum temperature values of the provinces in our region are used. Growing degree-day values are calculated according to the recommended temperature values for phenological periods of pistachio. According to GDD values, Kilis and Adlyaman were determined as the second most proper growth area after Sanhutfa. It may be suggested due to the similarity between the geographical, soil, topographical and ecological structures of Kilis with those of Gaziantep that studies should be carried out. for improving pistachio cultivation and that projects should be carried out for increasing yield per tree based on the consideration that it is not possible to increase areas of agriculture. Therefore, this and other similar studies will result in attaining higher yields by carrying out production activities in suitable areas while also contributing to the country economy.Öğe DETERMINATION OF HEATING AND COOLING DEGREE DAYS FOR BROILER BREEDING IN THE TIGRIS BASIN(Univ Agronomic Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest - Usamv, 2016) Atilgan, Atilgan; Yucel, Ali; Oz, Hasan; Saltuk, RuralNowadays, despite complex and sophisticated methods for the energy analysis in buildings, the degree-day method, which is one of the most important energy forecasting techniques, is still important. During the research, heating and cooling degree-day values were calculated using dry-bulb thermometer temperature values of long years of five cities (Diyarbakir, Batman, Siirt, Sirnak and Mardin) located in the Tigris Basin. Six different base temperature values were used for each province located in the research area in order to calculate the heating and cooling degree-day values in broiler breeding. Within the proposed six base temperature values, the most heating degree-day values were in Sirnak, and the least were in Batman province. Cooling degree-day values were calculated in the same way. The most cooling need was in Mardin province, except the base temperature value proposed for the first week. The least cooling day values were in Sirnak province. Regression coefficients were obtained by correlating heating and cooling degree-day values and six proposed base temperature values. It was determined that the regression coefficients for all provinces between cumulative heating and cooling degree-day values (dependent variable) and average annual heating and cooling degree-day values and independent variable, in other words, proposed base temperature values, varied between 0.993-0.999, and there was a very strong relationship in a positive way. If the numbers of heating and cooling degree-days are low in a region, then it can be said that the region is suitable for agricultural production. In accordance with the data obtained in the study area, it was concluded that Batman was the most suitable province for broiler breeding in terms of both heating and cooling degree-days.Öğe DETERMINATION OF HEATING AND COOLING DEGREE-DAY VALUES AND HEATING AND COOLING-DAYS IN BROILER HUSBANDRY: CENTRAL ANATOLIAN CASE(Latvia Univ Agriculture, Faculty Engineering, Inst Mechanics, 2018) Atilgan, Atilgan; Yucel, Ali; Saltuk, BurakThe general aim of barns is to create suitable environments for animals against adverse weather conditions. Barns should be designed in such a way as to minimize the effect of weather changes and keep indoor conditions at the values of animals' desire. It is observed that the energy costs of unsuitable barns are high and the efficiency is not at the expected levels. Degree-day methods can be used to obtain information about the energy needs of any building. With this method, measurement values or meteorological data can be informed about the heating and cooling energy quantities of buildings. However, depending on the climate change in recent years, the climate changes that have taken place in order to provide optimum comfort in the barns should be examined. For this purpose, the Central Anatolia Region covering 13 provinces of Turkey was chosen as a studying area. The annual average daily temperature values of 13 meteorological stations in the region were used. For a broiler house, heating and cooling degree-day values and day numbers were calculated according to the based temperature values. Relationships between heating degree-day values, cooling degree-day values and degree-day numbers calculated according to the based temperature values were investigated by the linear regression analysis. As a result, it was determined upon an evaluation of the calculated heating degree-day, heating degree-day number, cooling degree-day and cooling degree-day number values that the cities of Aksaray, Ankara, Karaman, Kirikkale and Konya are most suited for broiler breeding.Öğe Determination of some environmental energy requirements in broiler poultry housing(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2020) Saltuk, Burak; Yucel, Ali; Atilgan, AtilganIn the study, the long-term temperature data of the meteorological stations belonging to eight provinces in the Mediterranean Region were used as material. These values of Meteorological Stations cover the years 1950 and 2018. By using the long-term maximum and minimum daily temperature values used in the study, heating and cooling Degree-Day (HDD and CDD) and heating and cooling Degree-Day Numbers (HDDNs and CDDNs) of each province were calculated. These values were determined by considering the recommended base temperature values for broilers. In addition, energy requirements, amount of fuel and cost values were calculated by using HDD and CDD values. The most suitable broiler breeding areas were determined by considering the calculated energy requirement, fuel and cost amounts as well as HDD and CDD values. Therefore, it has been concluded that the most suitable cultivation areas are Mersin and Adana regions. In addition, natural gas, which is an environmentally friendly and clean fuel, was found to be most suitable in terms of heating costs. Also, general equation has been developed to be used in the estimation of HDD, CDD, HDDN and CDDN values for broiler breeding to be established in the research area. © 2020 Parlar Scientific Publications. All rights reserved.Öğe DETERMINATION OF SOME ENVIRONMENTAL ENERGY REQUIREMENTS IN BROILER POULTRY HOUSING(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2020) Saltuk, Burak; Yucel, Ali; Atilgan, AtilganIn the study, the long-term temperature data of the meteorological stations belonging to eight provinces in the Mediterranean Region were used as material. These values of Meteorological Stations cover the years 1950 and 2018. By using the long-term maximum and minimum daily temperature values used in the study, heating and cooling Degree-Day (HDD and CDD) and heating and cooling Degree-Day Numbers (HDDNs and CDDNs) of each province were calculated. These values were determined by considering the recommended base temperature values for broilers. In addition, energy requirements, amount of fuel and cost values were calculated by using HDD and CDD values. The most suitable broiler breeding areas were determined by considering the calculated energy requirement, fuel and cost amounts as well as HDD and CDD values. Therefore, it has been concluded that the most suitable cultivation areas are Mersin and Adana regions. In addition, natural gas, which is an environmentally friendly and clean fuel, was found to be most suitable in terms of heating costs. Also, general equation has been developed to be used in the estimation of HDD, CDD, HDDN and CDDN values for broiler breeding to be established in the research area.Öğe DETERMINATION OF THE AREAS SUITABLE FOR BIOGAS ENERGY PRODUCTION BY USING GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS): EUPHRATES BASIN CASE(Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2017) Saltuk, Burak; Artun, Ozan; Atilgan, AtilganOne of the agricultural activities in our country is animal breeding. The animal manure from cattle breeding enterprises can be used as an organic material in producing biogas. The energy needs of agricultural enterprises can be met by establishing biogas production facilities. At the same time, environmental pollution can also be prevented. With today's information and technology, it is possible to investigate the areas suitable for biogas energy stations. The aim of this study is to determine the potential areas in the Euphrates Basin which are suitable for biogas plants. The Euphrates Basin covers Adiyaman, Sanliurfa, Gaziantep and Kilis provinces. In this context, the borders of the provinces subjected to the study and the topographic properties of the region were drawn using ARCMAP 10.0 software. Furthermore, cattle numbers were entered into the Geographic Information Systems (GIS) database. The potential biogas areas in each province were determined and these areas were tried to be interpreted in different colours. In the study area, it was determined that the potential biogas energy of 862863.7 MJ or electricity energy of 239684.4 kWh would be obtained from approximately 2061883.4 tonnes of animal waste per year. It was determined that these values were equal to an amount of the annual energy capacity needs of 103 houses. Biogas energy production facilities can be established in the places which have an intensive agricultural activity and this can eliminate environmental pollution problems.Öğe IRRIGATION FACILITIES, PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS CONCERNING PISTACHIO GROWING IN SIIRT REGION(Univ Agronomic Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest - Usamv, 2016) Aydin, Yusuf; Saltuk, Burak; Atilgan, Atilgan; Yucel, Ali; Ozrenk, KorayGrowing of Siirt type of pistachio has a significant potential in the agriculture of Siirt province. As a result of the studies on this issue performed by public and legal institutions in recent years, while about 2000 tons of products were taken from the area in 4545.3 ha in 2002, these values reached about 11.000 tons of products in 25.000 ha by the end of 2014. Considering the climatic conditions of the region, the fact that summer is very hot and irregularity in the precipitation regime further increase the importance of irrigation and make it necessary for cultural practices in farming. However, pistachio orchards are not irrigated or tried to be contented with a little water due to the reasons such as the topographical structure of the area where farming is performed, irrigation water constraints, and any other reasons. The questionnaire study was carried out to determine the local farmers' tendencies on Siirt pistachio irrigation, problems faced, and the solution offers. For this purpose, the questionnaire form consisting of 40 questions was prepared, and data were collected using the Simple Random Sampling method. By this method, questionnaires were filled in by making face to face interviews with 177 farmers in 73 villages of 7 districts where farming is intensively performed. The obtained data were analyzed using MINITAB 16 statistical program. As a result of the statistical analyses, an attempt to contribute to the solution of the problems was made by developing solutions to identified problems.Öğe MANAGEMENT OF MANURE FROM LIVESTOCK HOUSING IN TIGRIS BASIN AND ITS ENVIRONMENTAL POTENTIAL IMPACT(Latvia Univ Agriculture, 2016) Atilgan, Atilgan; Saltuk, Burak; Oz, Hasan; Artun, OzanThe study was carried out in the Tigris basin and covered four cities (Diyarbakir, Mardin, Batman, Siirt and Sirnak). The potential pollution impacts of the cattle breeding enterprises in the research area on the Batman, Botan, Garzan and Tigris Rivers were examined. In this context, the borders of the research provinces and current water resources were drawn with ARCMAP 10.0 software by making geographical adjustments. In order to enable each province's questioning to be done independently from other provinces and water resources, all borders were divided into separate layers on the basis of provinces, districts, and villages. Furthermore, in accordance with the purpose of this study in the database the number of cattle at the cattle breeding enterprises close to water resources (minimum 150 meters-maximum 5 kilometers) was entered into the Geographical Information System (CIS) database and interpreted taking into account the average waste to be created by the cattle. In this study, the potential risk areas to be created for the environment and water resources were tried to be determined when the manure generated in the cattle breeding enterprises operating in the research area is not stored and utilized appropriately. It was found that the water resources, particularly in the villages of Batman and Diyarbakir provinces, faced a higher risk of contamination. A high level of contamination risk was determined in the section of the Tigris River passing through Ergani, Hani, and Bismil districts of Diyarbakir Province and in the upper section of the Botan River passing through Kozluk district of Batman Province and its villages. Furthermore, attention was drawn to the issue of environmental pollution caused by animal manure, and the measures to be taken not to experience these and similar situations were mentioned.Öğe Management of manure from livestock housing in Tigris basin and its environmental potential impact(Latvia University of Agriculture, 2016) Atilgan, Atilgan; Saltuk, Burak; Oz, Hasan; Artun, OzanThe study was carried out in the Tigris basin and covered four cities (Diyarbakir, Mardin, Batman, Siirt and Sirnak). The potential pollution impacts of the cattle breeding enterprises in the research area on the Batman, Botan, Garzan and Tigris Rivers were examined. In this context, the borders of the research provinces and current water resources were drawn with ARCMAP 10.0 software by making geographical adjustments. In order to enable each province's questioning to be done independently from other provinces and water resources, all borders were divided into separate layers on the basis of provinces, districts, and villages. Furthermore, in accordance with the purpose of this study in the database the number of cattle at the cattle breeding enterprises close to water resources (minimum 150 meters-maximum 5 kilometers) was entered into the Geographical Information System (CIS) database and interpreted taking into account the average waste to be created by the cattle. In this study, the potential risk areas to be created for the environment and water resources were tried to be determined when the manure generated in the cattle breeding enterprises operating in the research area is not stored and utilized appropriately. It was found that the water resources, particularly in the villages of Batman and Diyarbakir provinces, faced a higher risk of contamination. A high level of contamination risk was determined in the section of the Tigris River passing through Ergani, Hani, and Bismil districts of Diyarbakir Province and in the upper section of the Botan River passing through Kozluk district of Batman Province and its villages. Furthermore, attention was drawn to the issue of environmental pollution caused by animal manure, and the measures to be taken not to experience these and similar situations were mentioned.Öğe MANURE FROM LIVESTOCK FARMING IN THE EUPHRATES BASIN AND ITS POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ON WATER RESOURCES(Univ Agricultural Sciences & Veterinary Medicine Bucharest, 2016) Saltuk, Burak; Atilgan, Atilgan; Aydin, Yusuf; Koca, Y. Kenan; Kose, NihatFood of animal origin derived from livestock farming establishments is necessary to meet the needs of human beings. The wastes generated during the production stages of cattle breeding (manure, ground covers, etc.) create a danger to the environment and water resources when they are released to the environment randomly. Therefore, the waste generated by livestock farming establishments should be stored in a controlled manner and should not cause environmental pollution. The research was carried out in the Euphrates basin and covered four provinces (Adiyaman, Sanliurfa, Gaziantep, and Kilis) and 35 districts. In the context of this study, the number of the cattle bred in the establishments in 328 villages which are at least 150 m and at the most 5 km distance to the flow path of the Euphrates was taken into consideration. In the study, Erdas Imagine 9.3 and ArcMAP 10.0 software were used; the number of the cattle and the distance to the rivers were evaluated as a layer. The subject of the study was the investigation of the potential pollution effects of the cattle breeding on the Euphrates River and its tributaries, and it was carried out to determine risky, non-risky and partially risky areas and attract attention to this issue. As a result, it was concluded that 4 districts and villages of Sanliurfa Region would be classified as risky areas, 3 districts and villages of Gaziantep Region would be classified as partially-risky areas, and 3 districts and villages of Adiyaman Region and all districts and villages of Kilis Region would be classified as non-risky areas.Öğe THE EFFECTS OF HIGH TEMPERATURE AND LOW HUMIDITY ON CROP WATER STRESS INDEX OF SEED PUMPKIN PLANTS (Cucurbita pepo L.) IN SEMI-ARID CLIMATE CONDITIONS(Univ Life Sciences Lublin, 2024) Ucak, Ali Beyhan; Kociecka, Joanna; Liberacki, Daniel; Saltuk, Burak; Atilgan, Atilgan; Stachowski, Piotr; Rolbiecki, RomanThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of high temperature and low humidity on the crop water stress index (CWSI) of seed pumpkin plants grown under semi -arid climate conditions to determine the optimum irrigation time. This research unveils the critical impact of high temperature and low humidity on seed pumpkin growth, emphasizing the vital role of the CWSI in optimizing irrigation strategies and seed yield. Moreover, the relationship between CWSI, physiological parameters, and seed yield of the pumpkin was investigated. The mean CWSI values in the I70 (0.40) and I35 (0.56) treatments were 42% and 100% higher, respectively than those in the full irrigation (I100) treatment (0.28). While the I70 treatment showed manageable water stress with minimal impact, the I35 treatment experienced severe stress, significantly reducing crop growth and yield. The mean seed yield (SY) in the I70 treatment increased to 1245.2 kg ha(-1) compared to I35 (903.3 kg ha(-1)) but remained lower than I100 (1339.3 kg ha(-1)). The CWSI had negative correlations (p <= 0.01) with seed yield, chlorophyll content, and leaf area index, while it had positive correlations with water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency (p <= 0.01). This study showed that pumpkins could be grown successfully at 30% water deficit conditions, and a water deficit higher than 30% may cause a significant seed yield loss in semi -arid climate conditions. In addition, the results highlight the importance of optimal irrigation and CWSI monitoring for informed irrigation decisions and sustainable agricultural practices. Therefore, moderate water deficit (I70) can be adopted in pumpkin cultivation as an alternative to full irrigation.
