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    Alternative Tempering of Sugar-Free Dark Chocolates by ?v Seeding: Sensorial, Micro-Structural and Some Physical Properties and Volatile Profile
    (Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2019) Toker, Omer Said; Oba, Sirin; Palabiyik, Ibrahim; Pirouzian, Haniyeh Rasouli; Konar, Nevzat; Artik, Nevzat; Sagdic, Osman
    In this study, sugar-free dark chocolate was produced from isomalt and maltitol by beta(V) seeding technique as an alternative to conventional tempering process. The effect of beta(V) seed concentrations on the particle size distribution, textural, rheological and melting properties of the end products was studied, and the results were compared with those of conventional sugar-free dark chocolates. For this aim, conched dark chocolates were melted and crystallized with beta(V) seeds added at different concentrations (0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 and 1.0 %, m /m). Conventional tempering process was performed by using temper machine (47-27-32 degrees C). Brightness, chroma, whiteness index and tetramethyl pyrazine content (as marker compounds of dark chocolate volatile compound) were not influenced by seeding technique compared to conventional tempering method. The water activity of the dark chocolate samples was substantially affected by beta(V) seed level according to used bulk sweetener. However, all the values were determined below 0.4 which is critical limit for chocolate. Regarding overall acceptability, sugar-free dark chocolates tempered by beta(V), seeds had very close scores compared with conventional one, implying that sugar-free chocolates can be produced by beta(V), crystals with desired quality characteristics similar to conventional samples. Results of this study showed that it is possible to produce sucrose-free dark chocolates by using beta(V) seeds with desired quality similar to chocolate produced by using conventional tempering.
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    Öğe
    GC/MS determination of volatile aromatic compounds of kalecik karasi must produced by cold maceration
    (Gazi Univ, Fac Engineering Architecture, 2021) Gucer, Yalcin; Poyrazoglu, Ender Sinan; Artik, Nevzat
    Grape is a climbing plant that is from Vitaceae family and Vitis class and it is the oldest cultured fruit all over the world. The past of the grape goes to 3500 B.C. and homeland of grape is Anatolia. Grape is raw material at so many different food processes at Turkey. Some of them are, table grape, sun dry raisin, must, grape juice, grape molasses, etc. The added value of grapes can be increased by optimisation of different must processes such as being raw material for grape juice and other productions. Two of the most important consumers like criterias for must and so forth products are, bright red color and intensive aroma. In the case of must obtained with cold maceration from Kalecik Karasi vineyard, which has a strong aromatic structure and a particularly fruity aroma, a total of 30 volatile aromatic compounds, mainly 1-hexanol, benzeneethanol, benzeneacetaldehyde, limonene, trans-.beta.-Ionon-5,6-epoxide, 3-methyl-1-butanol, were determined.
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    Öğe
    Rapid tempering of sucrose-free milk chocolates by ?V seeding: textural, rheological and melting properties
    (Springer, 2017) Konar, Nevzat; Oba, Sirin; Toker, Omer Said; Palabiyik, Ibrahim; Goktas, Hamza; Artik, Nevzat; Sagdic, Osman
    In the present study, it was aimed to produce sucrose-free milk chocolate including isomalt or maltitol by beta(V) seeding technique as an alternative to conventional tempering process which was performed by using temper machine (47-27-32 degrees C). For this aim, conched milk chocolates were melted and crystallized with beta(V) seeds added at different concentrations (0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 and 1.0 g/100 g chocolate). The influence of beta(V) seed concentrations on the textural, rheological and melting properties of the end products was investigated, and the results were compared with those of conventional sucrose-free milk chocolates. Hardness value of isomalt including samples decreased at beta(V) seeds concentrations of 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 g/100 g chocolate. For the maltitol containing samples it increased significantly at 0.9 g/100 g chocolate compared to traditional chocolate. However, generally, hardness value of the samples varies in a narrow range by seeding technique. Milk chocolate samples containing maltitol were found to have higher hardness values than isomalt containing chocolate samples (p < 0.05). Melting characteristics of the samples were not affected by beta(V) seed concentrations. According to casson model, seeding at 1 g/100 g chocolate for maltitol samples and 0.9 g/100 g chocolate for isomalt samples significantly increased yield stress compared to control samples. However, by seeding technique yield stress only varied between 2.48 and 5.91 Pa. Therefore, the findings of this study showed that it is possible to produce sucrose-free chocolates by tempering with beta(V) seeds with desired quality similar to sucrose-free milk chocolate produced by using conventional tempering.
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    Öğe
    Rheological and melting properties of sucrose-free dark chocolate
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2017) Oba, Sirin; Toker, Omer Said; Palabiyik, Ibrahim; Konar, Nevzat; Goktas, Hamza; Cukur, Yusuf; Artik, Nevzat
    In this study, sugar-free dark chocolate was produced from isomalt and maltitol by (V) seeding technique as an alternative to conventional tempering process. The effect of (V) seed concentrations on the particle size distribution (PSD), textural, rheological and melting properties of the final products were examined and the results were compared with those of conventional sugar-free dark chocolates. For this aim, conched dark chocolates were melted and crystallised with (V) seeds which were added at different concentrations (0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9 and 1.0%, m/m). According to the results PSD, hardness, rheological and melting properties were not influenced by seeding technique compared to conventional tempering method. On the other hand, inverse relation was observed between largest particle size and specific surface area of the samples. Hardness values of isomalt and maltitol including samples were found to change between 15.33-18.79N. Casson model best described the flow behaviour of the sugar-free chocolates. As a result, seeding technique can be used as an alternative method in sugar-free dark chocolate production in terms of quality and physical properties.