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    Comprehensive Evaluation of Changes in Placentomes in the Second and Third Trimesters of Pregnancy in Cross‐Bred Hamdani Sheep
    (Wiley, 2025-01) Banu Kandil; Ali Osman Turgut; Davut Koca; Fatma Isbilir; Muhammed Zahid Atli; Barıs Can Guzel
    Background: A proper placentation is required for establishment and continuity of pregnancy. In sheep, placentomes are unique structures that enable nutrition and gas exchange between the mother and the foetus. Although placentomes are dynamic formations, there is limited knowledge of changes in placentomes during pregnancy. Objective: This study aimed to identify changes in sheep placentomes in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy using both macroscopic and microscopic methods. Methods: This study investigated 14 healthy cross-breed Hamdani sheep placentomes, comprising seven second and seven third trimesters of pregnancy. The histomorphometric analysis included measurements of capillary number and area in cotyledonary and caruncular regions, while morphometric assessments encompassed placentome dimensions such as number, length, width, and depth. Results: Placentomes were oval and circular in shape in the second and third trimesters. In the second trimester, they were observed as concave structures with thick edges, whereas in the third trimester, they were determined as thin-edged structures with a slight depression in the centre. In the third trimester, foetal and maternal tissues became more intertwined with increased branching of foetal villi and maternal crypts. Placental hematomas and erythrocytes in the cytoplasm of trophoblast cells were more prominent in the third trimester. Statistical analysis revealed no difference in placentome number between the second and third trimesters. However, the dimensions (length, width, and depth) of placentomes were greater in the third trimester compared to the second trimester (p < 0.001). Additionally, while there was no difference in the number of cotyledonary versus caruncular capillaries in the second trimester, cotyledonary capillaries outnumbered caruncular capillaries in the third trimester (p < 0.001). Furthermore, both cotyledonary and caruncular capillary areas increased in the third trimester compared to the second trimester, with the caruncular capillary area being consistently higher than the cotyledonary capillary area in both trimesters (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study underscores the substantial structural and physiological transformations of placentomes in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy in sheep. These adaptations facilitate efficient flow exchange between the foetus and mother, highlighting the dynamic nature of placental development during late gestation.
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    Predicting Weaning Weight of Romanov Lambs From Biometric Measurements Before Weaning Age Using Machine Learning Algorithms
    (Wiley, 2025-05-28) Mehmet Eroğlu; Ali Osman Turgut; Mürsel Küçük; Muhammed Furkan Önen
    BackgroundMachine learning systems learn from historical data to forecast future outcomes. In the context of livestock farming, machine learning can be utilized to predict variables such as growth rates, milk production and breeding success by analysing data related to animal health, nutrition and environmental conditions.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the performance of different machine learning algorithms in predicting weaning weight based on biometric measurements of Romanov lambs at 30 days of age.MethodsThe biometric traits of the lambs, including body length (BL), chest circumference (CC), chest depth (CD), chest width (CH), withers height (WH), rump height (RH), rump width (RW) and sex were used to construct predictive models. The study employed random forest (RF), classification and regression trees (CART), gradient boosting (GB), eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and CatBoost algorithms. The data was standardized to eliminate scale differences and divided into training (80%) and test (20%) sets. GridSearchCV was utilized for hyperparameter optimization. The performance of the models was evaluated using various goodness-of-fit metrics, including RMSE, MAE, R2, MAPE, RAE, MAD and SD ratio.ResultsThe gradient boosting and XGBoost models performed the highest R2 values and the lowest RMSE, MAE and MAPE values in the test data. In contrast, the random forest and CatBoost models showed lower predictive performance, with higher errors in the test data.ConclusionThe study suggests that machine learning algorithms, particularly gradient boosting and XGBoost, show promising potential in predicting the weaning weight of lambs. These insights may facilitate more informed decision-making in animal breeding and selection, potentially contributing to enhanced livestock management practices.
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    Subclinical Pregnancy Toxemia Affects Blood Parameters of Ewes and Impairs Postnatal Growth and Development of Lambs
    (Wiley, 2025-04-22) Ali Osman Turgut; Mürsel Küçük; Mehmet Irmak; Cahit Özcan; Davut Koca; Erman Gülendağ; Muhammed Furkan Önen; Rahmi Doğan; Ali Ünver; İbrahim Halil Keskin
    Pregnancy toxemia (PT) is a common metabolic disorder that occurs in the last trimester of pregnancy. This study aimed to detect the effects of subclinical PT (SPT) on serum biochemical parameters of ewes and postnatal growth and development of lambs in Romanov sheep. A total of 40 ewes and 69 lambs were included in the study. Blood samples of ewes were collected at the time of parturition to evaluate serum beta-hydroxybutyric acid (βHBA), serum nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), cholesterol, and triglyceride. Live weight and body measurements of lambs were recorded at birth (0th day), 30th day, and 60th (weaning) day. In the diagnosis of SPT serum βHBA concentrations were taken into account. A cut-off value of 0.8 mmol/L for βHBA was a critical concentration and ewes with 0.8-1.6 mmol/L βHBA were evaluated as SPT. There were no ewes with ΒHBA value higher than 1.6 mmol/L (clinical PT) in the study. There was no significant difference in serum βHBA, NEFA and cholesterol concentrations between ewes regarding birth type (single, twin, and triplet). However, triglyceride concentrations were higher (p < 0.001) in ewes giving birth to triplets compared to ewes giving birth to single lamb. Serum βHBA and triglyceride concentrations were higher (p < 0.01) in ewes with SPT (n = 14) compared to healthy ewes (n = 26). There was no significant difference between ewes with SPT and healthy ewes in serum NEFA and cholesterol. Repeated measures ANOVA results indicated that SPT negatively affected 0th, 30th, and 60th body weights of twin (p < 0.01) and triplet born lambs (p < 0.05). The effect of time on body weights was also found to be significant (p < 0.001). Similarly, most of the body measurements of twin and triplet born lambs were lower (p < 0.05) in the SPT group compared to healthy group. Overall results indicate that SPT may negatively affect postnatal growth and development in Romanov lambs. Because a decline in growth performance has many negative outcomes affecting production traits in sheep, these findings may be valuable for the veterinary field.