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    Borage leaf extract improves the vase life of cut gladiolus flowers by delaying the senescence process and reducing water stress
    (Elsevier, 2024) Zulfiqar, Faisal; Moosa, Anam; Ferrante, Antonio; Darras, Anastasios; Sheteiwy, Mohamed S.; Ali, Baber; Altaf, Muhammad Ahsan
    Quality of cut flowers is always associated to vase life at the consumer. In previous studies, novel preservative postharvest treatments have been tested to prolong vase life and commercial quality. The aim of this work was to study the potential use of borage (Borago officinalis L.) leaf extract as natural vase life enhancer for cut gladiolus flowers. Borage leaf extracts (BE) applied as 1 %, 2 %, 3 % and 4 % (v/v) in vase solutions extended the vase life from 6.2 to 13 d. We recorded a concentration of BE at 3 % significantly improved the number of open flowers, the floret diameter, the relative fresh weight, chlorophyll and carotenoid content. BE showed antioxidant properties, as they decreased oxidative stress and reduced the lipid peroxidation as demonstrated by the malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations and membrane stability index (MSI). Postharvest treatment with BE boosted proline content in cut gladiolus, indicating a reaction that was associated with the alleviation of water stress. BE application improved total soluble proteins, sugars and phenols in the florets resulting in prolong of the vase life. Bacterial count was reduced in BE treated vase solutions depicting less proliferation of bacteria at stem ends and hence reduced stem blockage. The best postharvest performance was obtained by the BE at 3 %. The promising results of current experiments, may be suggested as potential postharvest treatment to prolong the vase life of sword lily.
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    Silicon nanoparticles alleviate cadmium toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by modulating the nutritional profile and triggering stress-responsive genetic mechanisms
    (Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2023) Jalil, Sanaullah; Nazir, Muhammad Mudassir; AL-Huqail, Arwa Abdulkreem; Ali, Baber; Al-Qthanin, Rahmah N.; Asad, Muhammad A. U.; Eweda, Mohamed A.
    This study investigated the physiological and molecular responses of rice genotype '9311' to Cd stress and the mitigating effects of silicon oxide nanoparticles (SiO NPs). Cd exposure severely hindered plant growth, chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, and Cd accumulation. However, SiO NPs supplementation, particularly the SiONP100 treatment, significantly alleviated Cd-induced toxicity, mitigating the adverse effects on plant growth while maintaining chlorophyll content and photosynthetic attributes. The SiONP100 treatment also reduced Cd accumulation, indicating a preference for Si uptake in genotype 9311. Complex interactions among Cd, Si, Mg, Ca, and K were uncovered, with fluctuations in MDA and H2O2 contents. Distinct morphological changes in stomatal aperture and mesophyll cell structures were observed, including changes in starch granules, grana thylakoids, and osmophilic plastoglobuli. Moreover, following SiONP100 supplementation, genotype 9311 increased peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities by 56%, 44%, and 53% in shoots and 62%, 49%, and 65% in roots, respectively, indicating a robust defense mechanism against Cd stress. Notably, OsNramp5, OsHMA3, OsSOD-Cu/Zn, OsCATA, OsCATB, and OsAPX1 showed significant expression after SiO NPs treatment, suggesting potential Cd translocation within rice tissues. Overall, SiO NPs supplementation holds promise for enhancing Cd tolerance in rice plants while maintaining essential physiological functions.
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    Zinc and amino acids improve the growth, physiological, and biochemical attributes of corn under different irrigation levels
    (Elsevier, 2024) Elshamly, Ayman M. S.; Iqbal, Rashid; Ali, Baber; Ahmed, Iftikhar; Akram, Muhammad Irfan; Ali, Shehzad; Ditta, Allah
    The global challenge of food security is threatened by drought stress. Exogenous application of zinc and amino acids could alleviate the negative impacts of water shortage on the growth, physiological, and biochemical attributes of plants. Based on this hypothesis, a field study was conducted to assess the effects of chelated zinc applied through irrigation systems and foliar amino acids on the growth, physiological and biochemical attributes of corn, under three irrigation levels at the recommended irrigation level (100%), and at 75% and 50% of the recommended rate. The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design in triplicate. Treatment effects on yield varied with intensity and duration of water stress. An irrigation level of 100% means the normal supply of recommended water. In results, the implementation of irrigation levels on corn led to varying impacts on yield, depending on the intensity and duration of the water stress. Plants responded by reallocating nutrient accumulation within their tissues, which played a crucial role in mitigating the negative effects of water stress. The application of zinc and amino acids individually showed positive effects on corn improvement, as these promoted antioxidant defense systems and enhanced corn yield. However, the combined application of foliar amino acids and soil-applied zinc, particularly under the 75% irrigation level, had a tremendous effect on various examined parameters. There was an increase in catalase by 65.9%, superoxide dismutase by 17.1%, and peroxidase by 15.1%, resulting in improved corn yield by 114.6% and decreased hydrogen peroxide contents by 74.2% compared to control. In conclusion, adopting 75% of the applied water and treating corn plants with a combination of zinc and amino acids resulted in the highest yield, nutrient accumulation, antioxidant enzymes, chlorophyll contents, relative water contents, and carbohydrate levels.