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    ANALYSIS OF THE RELATION BETWEEN INFLATION AND FOREIGN EXCHANGE RATES FOR THE NORTHERN REGION OF IRAQ
    (2019) Kiracı, Arzdar; Aktuğ, Semih Serkant; Aqraw, Farhang Abdulkareem; Dağ, Mehmet
    The purpose of this study is to examine the relation between the inflation rate, foreign exchange rates of themajor currencies used in the northern region of Iraq (NRI), money supply and gross domestic product (GDP)for the period 2008-2016. It is notable that the region suffers from high inflation rates and there were fluctuations in foreign exchange rates after the fall of the former Iraqi regime in 2003. This is the first article aboutthis subject for NRI using an error correction model and the results indicate that there is a long-run relationbetween variables. The relation between US Dollar and inflation in the region is positive and statistically significant. There is a negative relation between Euro and inflation, which is also statistically significant. NRIimports many goods and services from Turkey, but a surprising result is that the Turkish Lira variable is notstatistically significant. This may be due to the fact that import payments are done with Dollars and not TurkishLiras. There is also a negative long-run relation for the variables GDP and money supply, which are not statistically significant. In the analysis, money supply by the Iraqi Central Bank was used as the money supply variable, but the amount of money supply in the NRI is not proportional to the amount offered by the CentralBank, there is no advanced banking system in the region. The amount of Dinar coming into the region consistsof converting the oil export revenues into Iraqi dinar and supplying these Dinars as payments to the market.Therefore, the NRI money supply will depend on the oil revenues and the Dollar, which makes money supplyvariable statistically insignificant.
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    Labor Problems and Solutions in Family Businesses
    (Nova Science Publisher Inc., 2022) Aktuğ, Semih Serkant
    The place of the family business in the world economy is certainly important. For example, 70% of Italian companies, 83% of French companies, 90% of German companies and 75% of British companies are family-owned. In Western Europe, 65% of GDP is due to family-owned businesses, and two out of three companies in the world are known to be family-owned (Gazioglu & Oralhan, 2021). The family business, like any other, aims to improve continuity, growth and profitability. The family business is a difficult system in which emotions and logic must coexist. There are problems at every stage of the process, from creation to expansion. The problems these companies encounter are not sudden problems. But good business and a company’s financial strength hide these problems. A family business is a structure made up of one or more family members, with other family members participating actively or outside the structure. These are economic and social institutions in which the concept of property rights is important and which pursue the policy of maintaining unity and solidarity to avoid the collapse of the existing heritage. It is inevitable to see the family work, the impact of work on the family, and a reflection of unique family culture and traditions in corporate life. When evaluated by the workforce, we see that family businesses have various problems. Work problems plague the family business and prevent the company from achieving its goals. In this study the issue of family work and its solutions are discussed. © 2022 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc.
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    RUSYA FEDERASYONU'NUNDA İŞSİZLİĞİN ÖZELLİKLERİ VE MÜCADELE YOLLARI
    (2015) Abdullah, Akif; Hüseyinli, Tahire; Aktuğ, Semih Serkant
    Bir ekonomideki işgücü seviyesi ile işgücünün iş bulup çalışan kısmını ifade eden \"istihdam seviyesi\" arasındaki farktan meydana gelen, iş aradığı halde iş bulup çalışamayan işgücü günümüzde toplumun en önemli sorunlarından biri gibi hem toplumsal hem de bireysel olarak ülkelerde derin etkiler bırakmaktadır. Bu sorun fakir ve geri kalmış ülkelerin yanı sıra gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerin gündeminden düşmemekte, işsizliği önlemek veya hiç olmazsa azaltmak için çözüm yolları aranmaktadır. Rusya tarihinde özellikle de 19. yüzyılda sık sık yaşanan iktisadi krizler işsizlikle beraber sefaletin artmasına sebep olmuş ve bu durum ideoloji cereyanların hazırlanmasına ve yayılmasına sebep olmuştur. Ülkede geçmiş yıllarda ve günümüzde iktisadi gelişme planlarında, ülkenin çalışma politikası kapsamında yeraltı ve yerüstü kaynakları ile birlikte insan gücünün de tam olarak değerlendirilerek sorunun çözümü amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmamızda son birkaç yılı kapsayacak istatistik veriler çerçevesinde Rusya'da işsizlik incelenmiş ve işsizliğin önlenmesi yönünde yapılan mücadeleler açıklanmıştır.