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    Impact of Fluorides and Fluorocarbons Contamination on the Environment and Human Health
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Zuhra, Naqshe; Akhtar, Tayyaba; Yasin, Muhammad Rizwan; Mushtaq, Zain; Sajjad, Hassan; Javed, Sadia; Chaudhary, Ayesha
    This chapter examines fluorides and fluorocarbons, their relevance, sources, exposures, metabolic processes, adverse consequences, and environmental consequences. It investigates historical contexts, prevalence in diverse sectors, and the links between fluoride levels in drinking water and their health consequences. The discussion focused on the ingestion and absorption processes, as well as the health repercussions of excessive exposure, with a particular emphasis on skeletal and dental fluorosis. It also explores the ecological effects of fluoride contamination on aquatic environments, animal, and plant species. The major focus is on the challenges of controlling and eliminating environmental pollution, highlighting the need for effective strategies and solutions. The study looked at the effects of water fluoridation on human health, especially skeletal fluorosis, dental fluorosis, and possibly neurological repercussions. The findings highlight the importance of ethical issues in the practice of fluoridation. It is critical to weigh the benefits and drawbacks, as well as to assess the problem of individual consent against public usage of fluoride. Furthermore, this chapter examines techniques and solutions for eliminating pollutants, with a particular emphasis on measures for lowering fluoride levels in dirty water and advances in water treatment technology. It emphasized the need for community-based measures to combat fluorosis. Finally, the chapter outlined future research goals aimed at identifying information gaps, investigating emerging technologies for monitoring and restoration, and proposing policy recommendations for ecological management. This chapter offers a comprehensive guide for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners working to lessen the impact of fluorides and fluorocarbons on human health and the environment. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
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    Unraveling heat transfer mechanisms in MoS2/SO-water nanofluid for flow over a stretching cylinder
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2024) Akhtar, Tayyaba; Imran, Muhammad; Akolade, Mojeed T.; Akgul, Ali
    Nanofluids, advanced heat transfer fluids with improved thermophysical properties, have proven effective in enhancing the efficiency of various devices. Widely applied in electronic devices and automotive industry, consisting of nanoparticles and base fluids, serve as efficient coolants to optimize heat transfer performance. This article investigates the physical effects of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) boundary layer flow of H2O base fluid over a stretched cylinder subjected to heat generation and thermal radiation. The present nanofluid investigation incorporate MoS2 nanoparticles into a base fluid mixture of SO/H2O. The mathematical model, employing similarity transformations, is developed, leading to the formulation of similarity equations. Simulations are conducted using MATLAB's bvp4c solver to analyze the resulting flow patterns. Simulation results for various physical parameters demonstrate that the inclusion of hybrid nanoparticles in the fluid mixture significantly enhances heat transfer compared to the conventional nanofluids. Our finding highlights the necessity of considering hybrid nanoparticles over single-type counterparts for creating efficient thermal systems. Moreover, investigation underscores the vital role of hybrid nanofluids in fluid transmission, showcasing their ability to achieve higher temperature distribution.