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A dual functional material: Spirulina Platensis waste-supported Pd-Co catalyst as a novel promising supercapacitor electrode
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2021) Karakas, Duygu Elma; Akdemir, Murat; Atabani, A. E.; Kaya, Mustafa
In the present study, Spirulina Platensis waste-supported Pd-Co (SPW-Pd-Co) catalyst was used as an efficient catalyst for the methanolysis reaction of sodium borohydride (NaBH4); moreover, the produced SPW-Pd-Co catalyst was tested as a supercapacitor electrode material for the first time. In this context, the SPW-Pd-Co catalyst was synthesized by the treatment of the Spirulina Platensis waste (SPW) with 1-7 M HCl, 1 mL PdCl2 solution (2% w/w) and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mL CoCl2 center dot 6H(2)O solution (5% w/w). Under optimum conditions, the most active catalyst was obtained by burning with 3 M HCl-Pd-4 mL Co2+ solution at 600 degrees C for 90 min. The maximum rate of hydrogen generation (HGR) obtained at 30 degrees C from the NaBH4 methanolysis reaction was found to be 5497.7 mLmin(-1) gcat(-1), and the catalyst activation energy was found to be 10.32 kJ mol(-1). The gravimetric capacitance of the prepared electrode was calculated as 50 F/g at 2 A/g current density. The capacitance values of the supercapacitor are at a significant level in terms of capacity and the cost.
A novel study for supercapacitor applications via corona discharge modified activated carbon derived from Dunaliella salina microalgae
(Elsevier, 2023) Cetin, Ridvan; Arserim, Muhammet Ali; Akdemir, Murat
Chemical activation factors including type of chemical agent and amount of agent, as well as carbonization procedures like burning temperature and burning time, have an impact on the surface characteristics of activated carbon. In this study, Dunaliella Salina microalgae was converted to supercapacitor electrode materials for the first time by using multiple parameters such as chemical agent, amount of chemical agent, burning temperature, and burning time, and then new electrode materials were obtained by applying different activation with the help of electrical corona discharge. Dunaliella Salina microalgae were used as activated carbon in accordance with the experimental protocol designed by the Taguchi L9 (3,4) technique. Specific capacitance values of each super-capacitor electrode material were subjected to a linear regression model to determine the effect of each parameter. It has been found that the parameter with the most significant positive effect on the specific capacitance value is the burning temperature. The surface properties of MAD-3, which has the best specific capacitance value of 284.86 F/g, were further improved by being exposed to corona discharge at different frequency values in a two-electrode system. The best specific capacitance value was measured as 335.23 F/g for the MAD-C50 under the condition that the frequency of the application voltage is 50 Hz. In addition, SEM-EDS, and XRD analyses were performed and BET measurements showed that the corona discharge method increased the pore volume and surface area of activated carbon more than 1.6 times.
Biomass-based metal-free catalyst as a promising supercapacitor electrode for energy storage
(Springer, 2022) Karakas, Duygu Elma; Akdemir, Murat; Imanova, Gunel T.; Kivrak, Hilal Demir; Horoz, Sabit; Kaya, Mustafa
In present study, biomass doped H3PO4-Cat, named as STW-H3PO4-Cat, was used as a catalyst in the methanolysis of sodium borohydride (NaBH4). Spent tea waste (STW) was used for the first time in this study as biomass. The generated existing catalyst was also employed as an active supercapacitor material, demonstrating its dual function. To identify the most active catalyst in the methanolysis of sodium borohydride, the catalyst was functionalized in different H3PO4 concentrations (1-7 M), and different annealing temperatures (200-500 degrees C) and different annealing times (20-80 min). Optimum parameters were determined as 7 M H3PO4, 400 degrees C, and 40 min. The maximum hydrogen production (HPR) value and the activation energy (E-a) were determined as 76,640 mL min(-1) g cat(-1) and 12.03 kJ mol(-1). When the catalyst was investigated in terms of the supercapacitor, the electrode's capacitance at 1 A/g current intensity was found to be 158 F/g utilizing the charge-discharge curve. The catalyst with optimum conditions was structurally and morphologically characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements, respectively.
Boron-containing compounds as a new candidate for supercapacitor electrode: simplified synthesis and structural identification properties
(Elsevier Science Inc, 2023) Akdemir, Murat; Kivrak, Hilal Demir; Kilic, Ahmet; Beyazsakal, Levent; Kaya, Mustafa; Horoz, Sabit
In this study, the performance of two boron-containing compounds, C14H14BNO2 center dot HCl (BCC1) and C38H38B2Cl2N4O4 (BCC2), as electrodes in supercapacitor applications was investigated in the presence of Na2SO4 and KOH electrolyte solutions. The specific capacitance values of the compounds were compared, and the results showed that trivalent boron (BCC1) exhibited higher specific capacitance values than tetravalent boron (BCC2) in both electrolyte solutions. In the presence of Na2SO4 electrolyte solution, the specific capacitance values of the trivalent (BCC1) and tetravalent (BCC2) boron compounds at a current density of 0.75 A/g were 135.21 and 94.87 F/g, respectively, while in the presence of KOH electrolyte, the specific capacitance values of the trivalent (BCC1) and tetravalent (BCC2) boron compounds at a current density of 0.75 A/g capacitance values were determined as 106.62 and 88.25 F/g, respectively. The cycling stability of the electrodes was also studied, and it was found that the capacitance of BCC1 electrode increased gradually over the cycles, while the capacitance of BCC2 electrode decreased. The study suggests that trivalent boron can be a promising material for supercapacitor applications. However, further research is required to optimize the cycling stability of the electrodes and understand the underlying mechanism.
Defatted spent coffee grounds-supported cobalt catalyst as a promising supercapacitor electrode for hydrogen production and energy storage
(Springer, 2023) Karakas, Duygu Elma; Akdemir, Murat; Atelge, M. R.; Kaya, Mustafa; Atabani, A. E.
The effect of several parameters, such as different Co2+ ratios, burning temperatures, and burning times, was examined by using defatted spent coffee grounds (DSCG) as organic waste to obtain the most effective catalyst for producing hydrogen. Under optimum conditions, the most active catalyst/metal ratio was obtained by burning 50% Co (2+) at 400 degrees C for 90 min. To measure the time-dependent amounts of hydrogen, 0.1 g of DSCG-Co catalyst was dissolved in 10 mL of a methanol solution containing 0.25 g sodium borohydride (NaBH4) at 30 degrees C. The maximum hydrogen generation rate obtained from the methanolysis of NaBH4 at 30 and 60 degrees C was found to be 8749 and 17,283 mL min(-1) gcat(-1), respectively, and the activation energy of the catalyst was found to be 23.2 kJ mol(-1). FTIR, ICP-OES, XRD, BET, and SEM-EDX analyses were performed for the characterization of the prepared DSCG-Co-Cat catalyst. Furthermore, a supercapacitor cell was constructed by using this catalyst as an active substance for electricity storage. The specific capacitance of the electrode at the current density of 1 A/g was calculated as 67 F/g for two-electrode systems. The results of electrochemical analysis of the prepared supercapacitor were found to be similar to the ideal supercapacitor curves. The obtained capacitance values are at very good levels in terms of the capacity and cost factors. The results indicated that the multifunctional capacitor-catalyst material produced by Co-doped waste coffee could constitute an important element in a hybrid system that includes capacitor and catalyst systems that can be installed in the future. [GRAPHICS] .
Design and simulation of active direct current filter for high voltage direct current transmission systems
(Gazi Univ, Fac Engineering Architecture, 2016) Akdemir, Murat; Yildirim, Selcuk; Genc, Naci
In this paper, firstly, a monopolar High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission system model has been formed. Series, parallel and series-parallel active direct current filter designs were carried out to suppress harmonics caused by the converters in this HVDC transmission system. Simulations of the designed HVDC transmission system using these filter were carried out in MATLAB Simulink. Waveforms and total harmonic distortion (THD) values of load current and voltage were obtained in this transmission system model for filtered and unfiltered conditions. Harmonics in the load voltage and current were suppressed to a large extent by active direct current filter used in the HVDC transmission system. Furthermore, THD values for current and voltage were obtained significantly below 5%. According to these results, designed active direct current filters which have simple structure and not complex controller offer significant advantages.
Design and simulation of active direct current filter for high voltage direct current transmission systems
(Gazi Universitesi Muhendislik-Mimarlik, 2016) Akdemir, Murat; Yildirim, Selçuk; Genç, Naci
In this paper, firstly, a monopolar High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) transmission system model has been formed. Series, parallel and series-parallel active direct current filter designs were carried out to suppress harmonics caused by the converters in this HVDC transmission system. Simulations of the designed HVDC transmission system using these filter were carried out in MATLAB Simulink. Waveforms and total harmonic distortion (THD) values of load current and voltage were obtained in this transmission system model for filtered and unfiltered conditions. Harmonics in the load voltage and current were suppressed to a large extent by active direct current filter used in the HVDC transmission system. Furthermore, THD values for current and voltage were obtained significantly below 5%. According to these results, designed active direct current filters which have simple structure and not complex controller offer significant advantages.
Effect of Dielectric Barrier Discharges on the Elimination of Some Flue Gases
(IEEE-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc, 2020) Akdemir, Murat; Hansu, Fevzi
The rapid development of the industry, rapid population growth, and the increase in the number of modern vehicles used lead to excessive energy consumption. For the purpose of meeting this consumption, the majority of energy is produced as a result of the burning of fossil fuels, especially in underdeveloped countries due to the fact that renewable energy sources have not reached the technological maturity yet. In addition, fossil fuels are still used in factories and homes for heating purposes. As a result of the combustion of these fossil fuels, large amounts of toxic gases are emitted into the atmosphere, and these gases have negative effects on the environment and indirectly on living beings. In this study, a new method was proposed to eliminate toxic components of flue gases. No chemical additives or catalysts were used in this study. In the proposed method, the chemical decomposition of SO2, CO, nitrogen oxide (NOX) gases was simultaneously achieved by applying voltages at various frequencies to a specially designed dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) reactor, and in a controlled manner, the conversion of these gases to other various chemical products was carried out. In this study, it was found that a significant part of the gases could be easily separated with the help of DBD plasma without the need for any catalyst or other systems. According to the results, it was observed that the effect of high-frequency plasma charge bombardment was highly effective in the simultaneous decomposition of toxic gas compounds.
Effect of different electric field parameters on produced activated carbon for supercapacitor electrode materials
(Springer, 2024) Soylemez, Burhan; Hansu, Tulin avci; Akdemir, Murat
Supercapacitors have become one of the popular devices in the field of energy storage, thanks to their high power densities, fast charging, and discharging capabilities, and long cycle life. Supercapacitors can achieve both high energy and power density through the use of efficient electrode materials which have a significant impact on their performance. In this study, for the first time, in order to improve the electrochemical properties of the electrodes, we applied an electric field to the biomass-based activated carbon obtained by activation-carbonization. We also examined the effect of applied electric field strength and duration on the electrochemical properties of the electrodes by preparing five different materials. The properties of the produced materials were tested by different chemical characterization and electrochemical methods. Thanks to the electrical activation, the material's surface area, pore volume, and pore diameters were increased, the capacitance value has increased to 295 F/g, which was 89 F/g as a result of activation-carbonization. The EFQ-4 supercapacitor has a maximum energy density of 20.49 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 526.28 W kg-1, and the energy density value is far superior to the energy densities of the supercapacitors located on the Ragone plane. In addition, the electric field made the material more stable, improved the cycle life, and increased the stability from 92.10 to 95.50%. The electrochemical results of the produced electrodes are promising in the field of energy storage.
Effect of Induction Heating Aided Dielectric Barrier Discharge on the Elimination of SO2, NOX, and CO Gases
(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2020) Akdemir, Murat; Hansu, Fevzi
In recent years, there has been an increasing need for energy, depending on population growth and the rapid development of industry. Consequently, in large power plants, factories, and vehicles, large quantities of toxic gases are emitted into the air as a result of the burning of fossil fuels every year. These gases have negative effects on both human health and the environment. In this study, a new method was proposed for eliminating environmentally hazardous flue gases without the need of any chemical catalyst unlike existing methods. In the proposed method, chemical decomposition of toxic gases was achieved by applying voltages at various frequencies to a specially designed cylindrical and coaxial dielectric barrier discharges (DBD) reactor, and in a controlled manner, the conversion of these gases to other products which could be useful was carried out. In the study, it was found that most of the gases could be separated by DBD plasma, while some of them had to be subjected to a strong preheating process in order to be separated. According to the results, high frequency plasma charge bombardment has been shown to be highly effective in the decomposition of toxic gas compounds when used together with induction heating method.
Electrochemical performance of Quercus infectoria as a supercapacitor carbon electrode material
(Wiley, 2022) Akdemir, Murat
In order to eliminate disadvantages of conventional capacitors and batteries, supercapacitors have become very popular lately. Carbon-based biomass materials show great promise as supercapacitor electrode materials due to their high stability, good electronic conductivity, and porous structure. In this study, Quercus infectoria (Qui) biomass was converted to activated carbon for the first time using carbonization and different acid-base activations. Three supercapacitor cells with two-electrode system were designed using these activated carbons. As a result of activation with KOH, the capacitance values increased 3-fold for 1 A/g, and a high capacitance value of 89 F/g was obtained, thanks to the increasing of pore volume and the expansion of the surface area. After 110 cycles, the Qui-KOH electrode still maintained 92.1% of its capacitance value. Qui-KOH had a maximum energy density of 8.46 Wh/kg at a power density of 407.64 W/kg, much higher than the energy density of other electrodes. An increase in coulombic efficiency was observed after 110 cycles of all electrodes, and for the Qui-KOH, it rised to 92.77%. The developed electrodes offer new potential in the field of energy storage since they are inexpensive, ecologically friendly, efficient, high-capacity, and stable.
Enhanced catalytic performance of Pd/PMAc-g-CNT composite for water splitting and supercapacitor applications
(Springer Heidelberg, 2024) Hansu, Tulin Avci; Kaya, Sefika; Caglar, Aykut; Akdemir, Murat; Kivrak, Hilal Demir; Orak, Ceren; Horoz, Sabit
In this study, we explore the multifaceted applications of poly(methyl acrylate) (PMAc)-based composites, specifically focusing on their use as an efficient electrocatalyst for water splitting and a high-capacity supercapacitor. After a synthesis step, a characterization study (SEM, TEM, XRD, and Raman spectroscopy) was performed, and based on TEM results, a consistent pattern of small, uniform, and narrowly distributed Pd NPs within the range of 5-10 nm was observed. Also, other analyses confirmed the successful synthesis of PMAc-based composites. Through meticulous experimentation, the electrocatalytic performance of Pd/PMAc-graphene-carbon nanotube (Pd/PMAc-g-CNT) composites was evaluated against that of traditional Pd/PMAc catalysts. Tafel slope analysis was conducted to assess the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) efficiencies, where Pd/PMAc-g-CNT composites demonstrated significantly lower Tafel slopes of 274.53 mV dec(-1) for OER and 389.91 mV dec(-1) for HER. This indicates a superior electrocatalytic activity, enhancing the water splitting process. Furthermore, the same composite showcased an impressive specific capacitance of 132.3 F g(-1) at a current density of 0.5 A/g, markedly surpassing the performance of the Pd/PMAc catalyst. This exceptional capacitance underlines its potential as a high-efficiency energy storage material. The novelty of this research lies in the synergistic integration of PMAc with graphene and carbon nanotubes to fabricate a dual-functional material. This composite not only excels in electrochemical catalysis for energy conversion but also demonstrates remarkable energy storage capabilities. The Pd/PMAc-g-CNT composite, therefore, emerges as a promising candidate for advancing supercapacitor technology and the electrocatalytic efficiency of water splitting, highlighting its dual utility in renewable energy systems.
Exploring the Triple Applications of Ag/PMAc-g-CNT Nanocomposites in Enhancing HER, OER and Supercapacitor Performance
(Springer, 2024) Kaya, Sefika; Caglar, Aykut; Akdemir, Murat; Kivrak, Hilal Demir; Horoz, Sabit; Kaya, Mustafa
The research aims to investigate the potential of using Ag/PMAc-g-CNT as a high-efficient catalyst for overall water splitting and supercapacitor applications. The results of Tafel slope measurements for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) showed that the Ag/PMAc-g-CNT catalyst had a lower Tafel slope of 22.62 mV dec-1 and 62.74 mV dec-1, respectively, compared to the other electrocatalysts. Additionally, the capacitance value of the Ag/PMAc-g-CNT catalyst was found to be 41.87 F at 0.5 A/g current density which is much higher than that of the Ag/PMAc catalyst. These results demonstrate that the Ag/PMAc-g-CNT catalyst has superior properties in terms of electrochemical activity, stability and energy storage capacity, making it a promising material for both water splitting and supercapacitor applications.
High-efficiency catalyst for water splitting and supercapacitor applications: the promising role of Ni/PMAc-g-CNT
(Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Caglar, Aykut; Kaya, Sefika; Avci Hansu, Tuelin; Akdemir, Murat; Demir Kivrak, Hilal; Horoz, Sabit; Kaya, Mustafa
In this study, we investigated the use of electrocatalysts, PMAc, PMAc-g-CNT, Ni/PMAc, and Ni/PMAc-g-CNT for water splitting and supercapacitor applications. Our results showed that the Ni/PMAc-g-CNT catalyst exhibited superior properties in terms of electrochemical activity, stability, and energy storage capacity. The Tafel slope for OER was found to be 471.25 mV dec(-1), which was lower than other catalysts studied. The capacitance value of the Ni/PMAc-g-CNT catalyst was 35.23 F/g at 0.5 A/g current density, which was higher than the Ni/PMAc catalyst. These findings provide a novel and detailed insight into the performance of these catalysts and suggest that the Ni/PMAc-g-CNT catalyst is a promising material for both water splitting and supercapacitor applications.
Investigation of a New Supercapacitor Electrode Material from Prunus Spinosa Biomass
(Springer, 2023) Avci Hansu, Tuelin; Hansu, Fevzi; Akdemir, Murat
The systems like portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and uninterrupted power applications demonstrate the necessity of energy storage recently. Thus the interest in supercapacitor technology, which is thought to be an alternative solution to traditional energy storage devices and provides great advantages in terms of preventing environmental pollution, is increasing day by day. In this study, Prunus spinosa seed waste biomass (PS) was converted to supercapacitor active material for the first time through the different activation processes. The surface characterizations of the obtained materials were performed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy-Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX), BET, X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis methods. Three different supercapacitor cells were designed in the scoops of the study. When activation with KOH was used in addition to carbonization, there was an increase in the surface area and pore volume of the material, and the capacitance value of the electrodes increased from 15.75 F/g to 48.63 F/g at 1.0 A/g. When the pure material activated with H2SO4, the capacitance increased to 39.92 F/g and a high energy density of 7.05 Wh/kg was obtained as the potential operating range of the electrodes increased. As the electrodes were charged or discharged, their coulombic efficiency increased and the PS-H2SO4 electrode presented an excellent coulombic efficiency. It is tought that the created electrodes promise great potential for the energy storage in terms of cost, efficiency, capacity, and stability.
Investigation of co-doped Chlorella vulgaris as a supercapacitor electrode for energy storage
(Springer, 2021) Akdemir, Murat
Supercapacitors are becoming more popular in the field of energy storage day by day. Thanks to their superior features such as fast charge-discharge, high capacities, and stable structures. Especially, supercapacitors designed using biomass as the electrode material are more preferred in this field because they are cheap, abundant, environmentally friendly, high capacity, and have a long cycle life. In this study, two supercapacitor cells were developed using freshwater algae biomass. In the first stage, supercapacitor electrodes were prepared by Co-doped Chlorella vulgaris (Chl-Co), and in the second stage, electrodes were prepared by Co-doped to H3PO4-washed Chlorella vulgaris (Chl-Co-H3PO4). 6 M KOH solution was used as the electrolyte. Electrochemical characterization results of the electrodes were obtained very close to the ideal supercapacitor characteristic. The capacitance values of the Chl-Co electrode were measured as 80 F/g for 1 A/g, but after the activation by H3PO4, the capacitance rose to 169.7 F/g for 1 A/g. The produced electrodes are promising for energy storage in terms of environmental pollution, cost, stability, and capacity.
Investigation of electrochemical properties of tri- and tetravalent boronate ester compounds for supercapacitor applications
(Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Akdemir, Murat; Hansu, Tulin Avci; Kilic, Ahmet; Beyazsakal, Levent; Kaya, Mustafa; Horoz, Sabit
The motivation of the current study is to use the synthesized tri- and tetravalent boronate esters (C15H16BNO3 center dot HCl(B-1) and C40H42B2Cl2N4O4, (B-2)), respectively, for the first time as electrodes in the presence of different electrolyte solutions in supercapacitor applications and to measure their specific capacitances. As a result of the electrochemical measurements, it is determined by experimental observations that the specific capacitance value of the tetravalent (B-2) electrode is higher than that of trivalent (B-1) in the presence of both different electrolyte solutions. Furthermore, when the morphological properties of both materials are examined, it is observed that tetravalent boronate ester (B-2) has a more porous structure and its surface area is higher than trivalent boronate ester (B-1) as a conclusion of the surface area measurement. As a consequence of this research, it has been demonstrated that tetravalent boronate ester (B-2) can be employed as a promising material for future supercapacitor energy storage applications.
Microcystis aeruginosa supported-Mn catalyst as a new promising supercapacitor electrode: A dual functional material
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2021) Inal, I. Isil Gurten; Akdemir, Murat; Kaya, Mustafa
In the present study, a Mn-supported catalyst material developed from Microcystis aeruginosa microalgae for hydrogen generation was tested as a supercapacitor electrode material for the first time. The catalyst material (MA-HCl-Mn) was examined for hydrogen generation through methanolysis of NaBH4, and it demonstrated good catalytic activity. Symmetric and asymmetric supercapacitor cells were prepared using MA-HCl-Mn as the electrode material. The electrochemical performance of the cells were evaluated by a two-electrode system using 2 M KOH as the electrolyte. The gravimetric capacitance of the symmetric and asymmetric cells found to be 40 F/g and 71 F/g, respectively. It was concluded that MA-HCl-Mn served as a sustainable, dual functional material showing a high catalytic activity for the hydrogen generation and a promising electrochemical performance as the supercapacitor electrode. (C) 2021 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Ruthenium modified defatted spent coffee catalysts for supercapacitor and methanolysis application
(Wiley, 2021) Akdemir, Murat; Hansu, Tulin Avci; Caglar, Aykut; Kaya, Mustafa; Kivrak, Hilal Demir
Currently, a novel green material, defatted spent coffee ground (DSCG), is employed as a support to prepare DSCG supported Ru (DSCG-Ru) material. DSCG and DSCG-Ru materials are characterized by advanced surface analytical techniques such as N-2 adsorption-desorption, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and H-2-temperature-programmed reduction. Characterization results revealed that DSCG-Ru was prepared successfully. First, DSCG-Ru is prepared at varying Ru contents on deoiled coffee waste and hydrogen production experiments are performed by the methanolysis of sodium borohydride on the DSCG-Ru catalysts. It is observed that optimum conditions for the catalyst preparation are examined on the 10% Ru containing DSCG-Ru catalysts and found as 10% Ru, 300 degrees C, and 60 minutes. DSCG catalyst containing 10% Ru completed the methanolysis reaction in 1.5 minutes. Capacitive measurements to investigate the supercapacitor property of DSCG-Ru catalysts prepared at optimum conditions 10% Ru, 300 degrees C, and 60 minutes is investigated by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements. Results revealed that gravimetric capacitance of the electrode at a current density is found as of 0.5 A/g and 43 F/g, greater than the literature values. DSCG-Ru, green novel supported Ru catalyst, has a dual promising performance in hydrogen production and supercapacitor measurements.
Synthesis of a dual-functionalized carbon-based material as catalyst and supercapacitor for efficient hydrogen production and energy storage: Pd-supported pomegranate peel
(Wiley, 2022) Akdemir, Murat; Karakas, Duygu Elma; Kaya, Mustafa
In the current study, firstly, pomegranate peel (PP) was treated with phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and palladium chloride (PdCl2) solution. So, the PP-supported Pd (PP-H3PO4-Pd) catalyst was synthesized for hydrogen production by the methanolysis reaction. In this context, different burning temperatures (300 degrees C, 400 degrees C, 500 degrees C, and 600 degrees C), and burning times (30, 45, 60, and 90 minutes) were examined to test the activity of the PP-H3PO4-Pd catalyst by the methanolysis reactions. As a result of studies, the most active catalyst was obtained by burning 45 minutes at 300 degrees C (2 mL PdCl2 solution 2% w/w). The maximum hydrogen production rate (HPR) obtained at 60 degrees C by the methanolysis reaction was found as 37 240.4 mL min(-1) g cat(-1) and the activation energy was calculated to be 26.83 kJ mol(-1). Within the scope of this study, secondly, this PP-H3PO4-Pd catalyst was used as a supercapacitor active material for the first time to store electricity. Electrochemical characterization results were substantially similar to supercapacitor curves in the literature. At the current density of 1 A/g, the gravimetric capacitance of the prepared electrode was calculated as 84 F/g. Considering factors such as capacity, cost, and efficiency; the capacitance values of the produced ultracapacitor have a significant level.

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