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    Jasmonates and Salicylates: Mechanisms, Transport and Signalling During Abiotic Stress in Plants
    (Springer-Verlag Berlin, 2021) Hossain, Akbar; Ahmad, Zahoor; Moulik, Debjyoti; Maitra, Sagar; Bhadra, Preetha; Ahmad, Adeel; Garai, Sourav
    Population across the globe are increasing at an alarming rate. UN Population Division currently (2020) expects that the world population is now 7.8 billion, which will be reached 10.9 billion (the median line) at the end of the twenty-first century. To meet the food demand of increasing population cereal equivalent food demand needs to be increased by about 10,094 million tons by the year 2030 and 14,886 million tons in 2050. At the same time, climate change will impact on agricultural productivity, as a result of the extreme events of abiotic stresses. For example, on an average, about 50% yield losses of several crops are occurred mostly due to high temperature (20%), low temperature (7%), salinity (10%), drought (9%) and other abiotic stresses (4%). Other earlier studies, estimated that a large enhancement of biomass and grain yield loss (83% on average) of wheat was observed when salinity was combined with drought stress. Global wheat production is estimated to fall by 6% for each degrees C temperature increase further and will be become more variable over space and time. To alleviate the antagonistic effect of abiotic stresses, generally, plants take numerous adaptive mechanisms. Among them, several phytohormones play an important role in abiotic stress tolerance in plants. The chapter discussed the role of phytohormones, particularly biosynthesis, transport and signalling mechanisms of jasmonates and salicylates during abiotic stress tolerance in plants.
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    Physiological Mechanisms of Plants Involved in Phosphorus Nutrition and Deficiency Management
    (CRC Press, 2022) Ahmad, Zahoor; Barutçula, Celaleddin; Waraich, Ejaz Ahmad; Ahmad, Adeel; Ayub, Muhammad Ashar; Tariq, Rana Muhammad Sabir; Iqbal, Muhammad Aamir
    Nutrients play an important role for the better growth and production of the field crops. In fulfilling the requirements of food along with the globe, through an improvement in crop productivity, balanced nutrition plays a vital role. Food crops require phosphorus (P) as a macronutrient for several functions like transfer of energy, cell division, and storage. Phosphorus improves forage, fiber, root growth, and grain yield. It not only strengthens stalk but also improves the early maturity of plants. In resistance against cold injury and root rot disease, P plays its role. Phosphorus is also crucial for cell differentiation and energy transactions. In the plant body, as a part of nucleic acids, phosphor-proteins, and phospholipids, P is a critical constituent of plant cells. The deficiency of P creates a negative impact on the morphology as well as the physiological process of the plants. Many researchers worked on the enhancement of crop productivity and assessed the role of P in plants. This chapter elaborated on three critical aspects of phosphorus; first is the P uses and role in crop plants while the second is the physiological mechanism of P in the plant. The third section discussed the management of P deficiency or toxicity in plants. © 2022 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.
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    Pod shattering in canola reduced by mitigating drought stress through silicon application and molecular approaches-A review
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2022) Ahmad, Zahoor; Barutcular, Celaleddin; Rehman, Muhammad Zia Ur; Tariq, Rana Muhammad Sabir; Afzal, Muhammad; Waraich, Ejaz Ahmad; Ahmad, Adeel
    Climate change has become a serious threat all over the world, which creates a negative impact on the growth, physiology and yield attributes of the crops. Drought stress is one of the major causes of climate change that contributes more to the reduction of yield of crops and its physiological aspects (i.e., stomatal conductance, leaf temperature, plant canopy temperature, membrane thermal stability index, total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence). Pod shattering negatively affects the yield of canola under drought stress conditions. The control of shattering, caused by drought, has been difficult due to the lack of resistant cultivars. Drought at any stage of canola, either vegetative or reproductive, badly affects the canola crops in terms of growth, physiology, pod development and its shattering, which results in the reduction of yield. To overcome the pod shattering and its development, the Si plays an important role, which provides the strength to the pod when it was applied with their proper amount and proper time. Si is the beneficial element which helps in improving the growth and physiology of crop under drought stress conditions. Si helps for reducing the pod shattering in canola and improving its yield by mitigating the adverse effect of drought on canola. Molecular approaches also help to provide resistance in canola against pod shattering and improve its yield under drought stress conditions. Current review highlights the role of Si and current molecular developments to deal with constraints in pod development and it's shattering under drought stress.