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    A review on analysis and modeling of electrical machine insulation system
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Raziq, Hira; Batool, Munira; Nawaz, Fawad; Akgul, Ali; Afzal, Farkhanda; Hassani, Murad Khan
    Electrical machines are usually operated in a very harsh environment, therefore great attention has to be given towards the designing of insulating materials and insulation systems. The severe operating environment invites corrosion, humidity, high temperature, and so on. This article is a review of electrical machine's insulation design, techniques, and methodologies for modeling and testing the insulation materials and the recent advancements in this field. Several testing standards and methods to detect insulation failure have been discussed. Case studies of insulation failure in the electrical machine have been discussed to draw the reader's attention towards a more realistic approach. Issues related to high voltage insulation systems used in industries like aerospace electric powertrain, hydro generators and, wind turbine generators have been briefed in the article. Partial discharge monitoring techniques are explored in this article. Its consequences on most emerging and advanced high voltage, high-altitude aerospace applications, will be discussed. Finally, polymer nanocomposite materials with exceptional dielectric strength or thermal conductivity are underlined as an outlook for future consideration in machine insulation design.
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    An Intelligent Platform for Software Component Mining and Retrieval
    (Mdpi, 2023) Bibi, Nazia; Rana, Tauseef; Maqbool, Ayesha; Afzal, Farkhanda; Akguel, Ali; De la sen, Manuel
    The development of robotic applications necessitates the availability of useful, adaptable, and accessible programming frameworks. Robotic, IoT, and sensor-based systems open up new possibilities for the development of innovative applications, taking advantage of existing and new technologies. Despite much progress, the development of these applications remains a complex, time-consuming, and demanding activity. Development of these applications requires wide utilization of software components. In this paper, we propose a platform that efficiently searches and recommends code components for reuse. To locate and rank the source code snippets, our approach uses a machine learning approach to train the schema. Our platform uses trained schema to rank code snippets in the top k results. This platform facilitates the process of reuse by recommending suitable components for a given query. The platform provides a user-friendly interface where developers can enter queries (specifications) for code search. The evaluation shows that our platform effectively ranks the source code snippets and outperforms existing baselines. A survey is also conducted to affirm the viability of the proposed methodology.
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    Einstein Aggregation Operators under Bipolar Neutrosophic Environment with Applications in Multi-Criteria Decision-Making
    (Mdpi, 2022) Jamil, Muhammad; Afzal, Farkhanda; Akgul, Ali; Abdullah, Saleem; Maqbool, Ayesha; Razzaque, Abdul; Riaz, Muhammad Bilal
    In this article, we introduce bipolar neutrosophic (BN) aggregation operators (AOs) as a revolutionary notion in aggregation operators (AOs) by applying Einstein operations to bipolar neutrosophic aggregation operators (AOs), with its application related to a real-life problem. The neutrosophic set is able to drawout the incomplete, inconsistent and indeterminate information pretty efficiently. Initially, we present essential definitions along with operations correlated to the neutrosophic set (NS) and its generalization, the bipolar neutrosophic set (BNS). The Einstein aggregation operators are our primary targets, such asthe BN Einstein weighted average (BNEWA), BN Einstein ordered weighted average (BNEOWA), BN Einstein hybrid average (BNEHA), BN Einstein weighted geometric (BNEWG), BN Einstein ordered weighted geometric (BNEOWG) and BN Einstein hybrid geometric (BNEHG), as well as their required properties. The most important benefit of using the suggested approaches is that they provide decision-makers with complete sight of the issue. These techniques, when compared to other methods, provide complete, progressive and precise findings. Lastly, by means of diverse types of newly introduced aggregation operators and a numerical illustration by an example, we suggest an innovative method to be used for multi-criteria community decision-making (DM). This illustrates the utility and applicability of this new strategy when facing real-world problems.
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    Enhancing Semantic Code Search With Deep Graph Matching
    (IEEE-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc, 2023) Bibi, Nazia; Maqbool, Ayesha; Rana, Tauseef; Afzal, Farkhanda; Akgul, Ali; Eldin, Sayed M.
    The job of discovering appropriate code snippets against a natural language query is an important task for software developers. Appropriate code retrieval increases software productivity and quality as well. In contrast to traditional information retrieval techniques, code search necessitates bridging the semantic breach between programming languages and natural language to search code fragments. Deep neural networks for search codes have recently been a hot topic in research. The standard neural code quest approaches present source code and query in the form of text as independent embedding, then calculate the semantic similarity between them using vector distance (e.g., using cosine similarity). Although recent research utilized query and code snippets during code search, it overlooked the contained rich semantic information and deep structural features between them. In this study, we are also dealing with the problem of code search by providing a deep neural solution that facilitates software developers during software development. Our proposed model effectively used neural graph matching and a searching approach for semantic code retrieval. It first converts both query and code fragments in graph format and then the semantic matching module is used to facilitate the process of matching that will retrieve the best-matched code snippets. It not only exploits the enriched semantic meanings and features, but it also uses the cross-attention mechanism to learn the fine-grained similarity that exists between query and code. The proposed model's evaluation is done using the Codesearchnet dataset with six representative programming languages. It provides comparatively good results as compared to existing baselines. It enables users to find required code snippets, and ranking is used to retrieve top 10 results. The accuracy of the proposed system is approximately 97%.
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    Multiple attribute group decision making approach for selection of robot under induced bipolar neutrosophic aggregation operators
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2024) Jamil, Muhammad; Afzal, Farkhanda; Maqbool, Ayesha; Abdullah, Saleem; Akgul, Ali; Bariq, Abdul
    In current piece of writing, we bring in the new notion of induced bipolar neutrosophic (BN) AOs by utilizing Einstein operations as the foundation for aggregation operators (AOs), as well as to endow having a real-world problem-related application. The neutrosophic set can rapidly and more efficiently bring out the partial, inconsistent, and ambiguous information. The fundamental definitions and procedures linked to the basic bipolar neutrosophic (BN) set as well as the neutrosophic set (NS), are presented first. Our primary concern is the induced Einstein AOs, like, induced bipolar neutrosophic Einstein weighted average (I-BNEWA), induced bipolar neutrosophic Einstein weighted geometric (I-BNEWG), as well as their different types and required properties. The main advantage of employing the offered methods is that they give decision-makers a more thorough analysis of the problem. These strategies whenever compare to on hand methods, present complete, progressively precise, and accurate result. Finally, utilizing a numerical representation of an example for selection of robot, for a problem involving multi-criteria community decision making, we propose a novel solution. The suitability ratings are then ranked to select the most suitable robot. This demonstrates the practicality as well as usefulness of these novel approaches.
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    New FxLMAT-Based Algorithms for Active Control of Impulsive Noise
    (IEEE-Inst Electrical Electronics Engineers Inc, 2023) Mirza, Alina; Afzal, Farkhanda; Zeb, Ayesha; Wakeel, Abdul; Qureshi, Waqar Shahid; Akgul, Ali
    In the presence of non-Gaussian impulsive noise (IN) with a heavy tail, active noise control (ANC) algorithms often encounter stability problems. While adaptive filters based on the higher-order error power principle have shown improved filtering capability compared to the least mean square family algorithms for IN, however, the performance of the filtered-x least mean absolute third (FxLMAT) algorithm tends to degrade under high impulses. To address this issue, this paper proposes three modifications to enhance the performance of the FxLMAT algorithm for IN. To improve stability, the first alteration i.e. variable step size FxLMAT (VSSFxLMAT)algorithm is suggested that incorporates the energy of input and error signal but has slow convergence. To improve its convergence, the second modification i.e. filtered x robust normalized least mean absolute third (FxRNLMAT) algorithm is presented but still lacks robustness. Therefore, a third modification i.e. modified filtered-x RNLMAT (MFxRNLMAT) is devised, which is relatively stable when encountered with high impulsive noise. With comparable computational complexity, the proposed MFxRNLMAT algorithm gives better robustness and convergence speed than all variants of the filtered-x least cos hyperbolic algorithm, and filtered-x least mean square algorithm.
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    Power quality improvement of a distribution system integrating a large scale solar farm using hybrid modular multilevel converter with ZSV control
    (Elsevier, 2023) Raziq, Hira; Batool, Munira; Riaz, Saleem; Afzal, Farkhanda; Akgul, Ali; Riaz, Muhammad Bilal
    Photovoltaic system is a major source of power generation. Its production is affected by the varying shad-ing conditions that occur due to changing weather and other environmental factors. The modular multi-level converter (MMLC) is a promising selection to achieve high power. However, to achieve more levels of voltages the conventional MMLC requires more cells which eventually increases the complexity and losses. In this paper, the hybrid MMLC is proposed which have fewer IGBT switches for the same number of output level which eventually decreases the losses and improves the voltage output. The production of power is enhanced due to the series and parallel connection of half and full bridge cells in the converter configuration. The power quality issues such as voltage, current, and power are also satisfactorily handled by the converter without using any active or passive filters. However, due to the variation of input irra-diation and temperature the output parameters such as Voltage, current and power show disturbance. Mitigation of these unbalances for a grid connected converter is important to stabilize the control and the quality of power injected into the grid. Therefore, zero sequence control (ZSC) is proposed for produc-ing the balanced power during unstable input parameters. For ensuring the balanced power among the phases of the Converter to be fed to the grid zero sequence voltage (ZSV) is injected in each phase of the converter output validating the power balancing among the phases fed to the low voltage grid. Simulation results are presented to assess the output parameters before and after the injection of ZSV in the low voltage (LV) grid connected Hybrid MMLC of a large scale PV system and demonstrate the improved performance. This investigation is verified by simulation results with PSCAD software.(c) 2023 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier BV on behalf of Faculty of Engineering, Ain Shams Uni-versity. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc-nd/4.0/).