Yazar "Acar, Mert" seçeneğine göre listele
Listeleniyor 1 - 5 / 5
Sayfa Başına Sonuç
Sıralama seçenekleri
Öğe Environmental sensitivity to desertification in northern Mesopotamia; application of modified MEDALUS by using analytical hierarchy process(Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 2018-08-09) Budak, Mesut; Günal, Hikmet; Çelik, İsmail; Yıldız, Hakan; Acir, Nurullah; Acar, MertPoor management, low vegetation cover, and severe erosion are undermining the stability and sustainability of lands. In this study, modified Mediterranean Desertification and Land Use (MEDALUS) method was used to identify environmentally sensitive areas (ESA) to desertification in Tigris Basin, Turkey. Soil samplings (0–20 cm) and field observations were conducted within 3.752 km2 land. Biophysical and anthropogenic parameters of sampling locations have been integrated and processed by geographic information systems obtaining soil, climate, vegetation, and management quality indexes. Additional six parameters for soil quality and one for management quality were used to adopt MEDALUS to the context of Tigris Basin. The weights for parameters and indicators were calculated using analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Tigris Basin was classified into one fragile and two critical areas using original method, whereas one fragile and three critical classes were defined with the modified method. In the original method, fragile areas represented 5.65% and low-degree critical areas 24.49% and moderate critical areas 69.86% of the study area, which are needed to be monitored for severe land degradation. Modifying MEDALUS allowed to define highly critical areas (51.41%) which have not been detected in the original method. The critical areas are primarily used for field crops with extensive tillage, medium degree of plant cover, low drought resistance, and erosion along with low management quality due to the lack of required environmental protection. The results revealed that adaptation of new parameters and weighting in MEDALUS improved the ability of classifying ESAs for a regional scale to desertification.Öğe Evaluating the long-term effects of tillage systems on soil structural quality using visual assessment and classical methods(Wiley, 2020) Celik, Ismail; Gunal, Hikmet; Acar, Mert; Acir, Nurullah; Barut, Zeliha Bereket; Budak, MesutCurrent agricultural practices and their impacts on the sustainability of crop production can be evaluated by simple and reliable soil structure assessment tools. The study was conducted to determine the effects of long-term (2006-2017) tillage systems on structural quality of a clayey soil using the visual evaluation of soil structure (VESS) and classical field and laboratory measurements. A field experiment with seven tillage systems, representing both traditional and conservation tillage methods, was conducted on a clayey soil in the Cukurova region, Turkey. Soil samples from 0-10, 10-20 and 20-25 cm depths were analysed for mean weight diameter (MWD), porosity and organic carbon. Penetration resistance (PR) was determined in each treatment plot. The VESS scores (<2) of upper 0-5 cm indicated a good structural quality for all tillage systems. The VESS scores were positively related to PR and MWD and negatively to macroporosity (MaP) and total porosity. In reduced and no-till systems, poorer soil structures were observed in subsurface layers where firm platy and angular blocky structures were defined. Mean VESS score (3.29) in 20-25 cm depth where PR was 3.01 MPa under no-till indicated a deterioration of soil structural quality; thus, immediate physical interventions would be needed. Lower VESS scores and PR values under strategic tillage which was created by ploughing half of no-till plots in November 2015 indicated successful correction of compaction caused by long-term no-till. The results suggest that the VESS approach is sensitive and useful in distinguishing compacted layers within the topsoil.Öğe SOIL QUALITY ASSESMENT OF UPPER TIGRIS BASIN Mesut(Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2017-10-12) Budak, Mesut; Günal, Hikmet; Çelik, İsmail; Yıldız, Hakan; Acir, Nurullah; Acar, MertEconomic life of the Tigris basin, part of the Mesopotamian depends heavily on agricultural production for thousands of years. Sustainability of agricultural production in this ancient region may only be possible by conserving and improving the ability of soils to function. Therefore, soil quality indexes were computed to evaluate and monitor functioning ability of pasture lands, forest lands, orchard and arable lands in the upper Tigris Basin of Mesopotamian. Soil samples were collected from (0–20 cm) at 134 locations from approximately the corners of 5km*5km size grid cells within 2.450 km2 research site. Twelve soil properties were measured as potential indicators of soil quality. A minimum data set (MDS) for each of land use was determined by means of principal component analysis (PCA) and expert opinion (EO) techniques. The weightages of each indicator were calculated using PCA and analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Soil quality index (SQI) for every sampling locations was calculated by weighted additive method following the use of linear scoring functions to obtain unitless indicator scores. The organic matter (OM), aggregate stability (AS) and slope were considered the most powerful and common soil attributes for distinguishing land uses in regard to soil quality and they can be used to monitor and assess the soil quality in this semi-arid environment. The SQI values of four land uses were significantly different (P?0.01) from each other. The highest SQI value was obtained for forest land with EO (SQIEO=0.974) and the lowest SQI value was for orchards with PCA (SQIAHP=0.793). The results indicated that PCA and EO methods produced comparable results in assessment of soil quality.Öğe Strategic tillage may sustain the benefits of long-term no-till in a Vertisol under Mediterranean climate(2019-01-15) Çelik, İsmail; Günal, Hikmet; Acar, Mert; Acir, Nurullah; Barut, Zeliha Bereket; Budak, MesutLong-term no-till or reduced tillage may decline functioning ability of soils due to surface/subsurface compaction and/or stratification of plant nutrients. A long-term (ten years) field experiment was established in 2006 in the Çukurova region of Turkey to evaluate the impact of tillage on the physical properties of a soil under a Mediterranean climate. The tillage systems investigated included two conventional (CT-1 and CT-2), three reduced (RT-1, RT-2 and RT-3) and two no-till (NT and ST), including strategic/occasional tillage. Nine-year old undisturbed no-till plots were divided into two categories and half of these plots were plowed by a moldboard plow in November 2015, and this practice was defined as strategic tillage (ST), while remaining half of the plots left undisturbed. Soil samples were collected from disturbed and undisturbed plots of NT as well as plots under other tillage systems from three soil depths (i.e., 0–10, 10–20 and 20–30 cm) in November 2016. The crop rotation at the experimental areas was winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), soybean (Glycine max. L.) – grain maize (Zea mays L.) – winter wheat. Soil samples were analyzed for aggregate stability (AS), mean weight diameter (MWD), bulk density (BD), water filled pore space (WFPS), water content at field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP), available water content (PAW), micropores (MiP), macropores (MaP), total porosity (TP), and penetration resistance (PR). The ST decreased MWD of surface soil compared to NT by 7.2%, while MWD under ST was higher than NT by 78.0% and 103.6% for 10–20 and 20–30 cm depths, respectively. The NT and RT resulted higher BD and PR, and lower MaP and TP than CT and ST in all three depths, though the values were generally not limiting for crop growth. The ST significantly (P < 0.01) decreased BD and PR within 30 cm of soil surface. However, water content at FC, PWP and also PAW in 0–10 and 10–20 cm depths were significantly reduced with ST compared to NT. The ST significantly (P < 0.01) increased the MaP and TP compared to NT which favors better aeration and water movement. The mean WFPS under NT, RT-2 and RT-3 systems in 0–10 cm and with all tillage systems (except ST in 10–20 cm) in subsurface layers were higher than 60%, which is considered a threshold for nitrogen losses as N2O fluxes. Implementation of ST into conservational practices under Mediterranean climate could be a viable management option to overcome some of the disadvantages of long-term conservation tillage and thereby to improve physical soil conditions for crop growth, air and water movement.Öğe Sub-Surface Drip Irrigation in Associated with H2O2 Improved the Productivity of Maize under Clay-Rich Soil of Adana, Turkey(Tech Science Press, 2020) Sariyev, Alhan; Barutcular, Celaleddin; Acar, Mert; Hossain, Akbar; El Sabagh, AymanMaize being sub-tropical crop is sensitive to water deficit during the early growth stages; particularly clay-rich soil, due to the compaction of the soil. It is well-documented that potential sub-surface drip irrigation (SDI) (Full irrigation; SDIFull (100% field capacity (FC)), Deficit irrigation; SDIDeficit (70% FC)) improves water use efficiency, which leads to increased crop productivity; since it has a constraint that SDI excludes soil air around the root-zone during irrigation events, which alter the root function and crop performance. Additionally, in clayrich soils, the root system of plants generally suffers the limitation of oxygen, particularly the temporal hypoxia, and occasionally from root anoxia; while SDI system accomplishes with the aerating stream of irrigation in the rhizosphere could provide oxygen root environment. The oxygen can be introduced into the irrigation stream of SDI through two ways: the venturi principle, or by using solutions of hydrogen peroxide through the air injection system. Therefore, the application of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; HP) can mitigate the adverse effect of soil compactness and also lead to improving the growth, yield and yield attributes of maize in clay-rich soil. Considering the burning issue, a field study was conducted in consecutive two seasons of 2017 and 2018; where hybrid maize was cultivated as a second crop, to evaluate the effect of liquid-injection of H2O2(HP) into the irrigation stream of SDI on the performance of maize in a clay-rich soil field of Adana, Turkey. When soil water content decreased in 50% of available water, irrigation was performed. The amount of water applied to reach the soil water content to the field capacity is SDIFull (100% FC) and 70% FC of this water is SDIDeficit (70% FC). In the irrigation program, hydrogen peroxide (HP) was applied at intervals of 7 days on average according to available water with and without HP: SDIFull (100% FC) + 0 ppm HP with full SDI irrigation; SDIFull (100% FC) + 250 ppm HP with deficit SDI irrigation; SDIDeficit (70% FC) + 0 ppm HP, SDIDeficit (70% FC) + 250 ppm HP and SDIDeficit (70% FC) + 500 ppm HP. Deficit irrigation (SDIDeficit (70% FC)) program was started from tasseling stage and continued up to the physiological maturity stage with sub-soil drip irrigation. H2O2 was applied 3 times during the growing season. Two years' results revealed that the liquid-injection of H2O2 into the irrigation stream of SDI improved the growth and yield-related attributes and grain yield of maize. Based on the obtained results, during the extreme climatic condition in the year 2017, SDIFull (100% FC) + 250 ppm HP was more effective than SDIFull (100% FC) + 0 ppm HP on all traits for relative to full irrigation. While, during the favourable climatic condition in the 2018 season, SDIFull (100% FC) + 250 ppm HP was more effective than full irrigation with SDIFull (100% FC) + 0 ppm HP for the grain yield, grains, and SPAD value. Accordingly, the most effective treatment was SDIFull (100% FC) + 250 ppm HP, as it gave the highest growth and yield-related attributes and grain yield of maize followed by SDIDeficit (70% FC) + 250 ppm HP. Therefore, SDIFull with 250 ppm H2O2 using as liquid-injection may be recommended to mitigate the adverse effect of soil compactness particularly water-deficit stress in clay-rich soil for the sustainability of maize production.
